在我的个人投稿中，标题含有【史料】的专栏为历史研究的第一手史料，仅供学习使用，不代表本人任何立场。双语的内容，汉语部分为个人自行翻译，仅供参考。

我们唯一要恐惧的就是恐惧本身

【背景】1929年，美国陷入了经济危机大萧条，在接下来的几年中，政府的无作为让危机不断加剧，民众也对联邦政府失去了信心。1933年，民主党人富兰克林·罗斯福当选总统，他在3月4日发表了这篇就职演说，简要概括了他的为政设想，并呼吁人们行动起来面对危机和重拾信心。

President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends:

胡佛总统，最高法官先生，我的朋友们：

This is a day of national consecration. And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency, I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.

今天是一个举国祝圣的日子。我很确信今天我的美国同胞们都期待着我就职总统，我将以目前我们人民的状况所要求的坦诚和决断发表这个讲话。

This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.

现在正是时候坦率又大胆地说出全部真相了。我们不能逃避如今我们国家面对的问题。这个国家能挺过去，就像它曾经挺过来的那样，它将重生并再次兴盛。

So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

首先，让我表明我坚定的信念：我们唯一要恐惧的就是恐惧本身。不知名的、不理智的、没有来由的恐慌会使将退步转为进步的努力瘫痪。在我们国家的每一个黑暗时刻中，坦率和强力的领导都得到了人民的理解和支持，这本身对胜利是至关重要的。我相信在这个关键的时期，你们愿意再一次给出这样的支持。

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment.

我和你们都以这样的精神面临着共同的问题。感谢上帝，他们只关心物质的东西。金钱的价值大幅缩减；税率上升；我们的购买力下降；各级政府都面临收入的严重缩减；在贸易中，交换被冻结；工业企业纷纷凋零；农民卖不掉他们的产品；成千上万的家庭多年来的积蓄灰飞烟灭。更重要的是，许多失业的人面临着严峻的生存问题，许多苦活几乎得不到报酬。只有愚蠢的乐观主义者才会否认眼下黑暗的现实。

And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered, because they believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.

然而，我们的窘境并非来源于实质上的失败。我们并没有遭到蝗灾。比起我们的先人用信仰和勇气征服的困难，我们的处境还是相当可称道的。大自然依然在慷慨赠与，而人力使它成倍增加。我们眼下还有许多物资，只不过过量的消耗使它们在得到补充之前就消失了。

Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

从根本上，这是因为人类商品交换的法则失败了。它自己的倔强和无能证明了它的失败，并使它失效。不择手段的货币兑换行为遭到公众舆论的批评，也被人们发自内心地拒绝。

True, they have tried. But their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition. Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers. They have no vision, and when there is no vision the people perish.

当然，有人努力过，但是他们的努力遵循一种过时了的传统模式。面临信贷的失败，他们只是放出更多的贷款。失去引诱人们跟随他们错误领导的利润后，他们诉诸劝诫，泪流满面地请求人们恢复信心。他们只知道利己主义一代人的规则。他们没有远见，而没有远见，人们就会灭亡。

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit.

是的，在文明的宗庙中，货币兑换者从他们的高位上逃走了。我们现在可以使这座庙宇恢复成古老的真理。这种恢复的衡量标准在于我们多大程度上认为社会价值比货币利润更可贵。

Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money, it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy, the moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days, my friends, will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men.

幸福不关乎一小笔财产，而在于成就带来的喜悦，在于创造性的努力带来的狂喜。在疯狂追逐转瞬即逝的利润时，工作的道德刺激——喜悦——不再必须被遗忘。朋友们，如果这些黑暗的日子教会我们真正的命运不是被人侍奉，而是侍奉我们自己和同胞，那么这些日子就是值得的。

Recognition of that falsity of material wealth as the standard of success goes hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that public office and high political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit; and there must be an end to a conduct in banking and in business which too often has given to a sacred trust the likeness of callous and selfish wrongdoing. Small wonder that confidence languishes, for it thrives only on honesty, on honor, on the sacredness of obligations, on faithful protection, and on unselfish performance; without them it cannot live.

承认物质财富的虚假是成功的标准，这和放弃只用地位自豪和个人利益来衡量公职和崇高的政治地位这一错误理念同等重要。同时，那些常常给无情和自私的不法现象提供可能的银行和商业行为必须被禁止。难怪，信心消失了：因为它只能依靠忠诚、荣誉、神圣的义务、忠实的保护和无私的执行，没有这些，信心就不能存在。

Restoration calls, however, not for changes in ethics alone. This nation is asking for action, and action now.

然而，恢复秩序并不仅仅意味着改变道德规范。国家要求采取行动，现在就要。

Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing great -- greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our great natural resources. Hand in hand with that we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land.

我们最首要的任务是让人们去工作。如果我们明智又勇敢地面对它，这个问题是可以解决的。部分工作可以由政府直接招募来完成，就像我们对付战争那样。与此同时，通过这种就业能完成伟大的事业：刺激和重组对大量的自然资源的使用所急需的工程。同时，我们必须诚实地认识到我们工业中心的人口失衡，以及通过全国范围内的重新调配来努力把土地分配给最合适的产业。

Yes, the task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products, and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the federal, the state, and the local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. It can be helped by the unifying of relief activities which today are often scattered, uneconomical, unequal. It can be helped by national planning for and supervision of all forms of transportation and of communications and other utilities that have a definitely public character. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped by merely talking about it.

的确，这项任务可以通过努力提高农产品价格来实现，提高农产品价格还能增加城市的产出。也可以通过现实地防止我们的房屋和农场丧失抵押品赎回权而造成的日益严重的损失这一悲剧来实现这个任务。坚决要求联邦、州和地方政府立即大幅削减开支也是如此。统一目前零散、铺张和不平衡的救济活动也是如此。对有明确公共性质的事业，如各种交通和通信等进行国家层面的规划和监督也是如此。许多方式都能实现这一任务，唯独空谈不能。

We must act. We must act quickly.

我们要有所行动。我们要立即做出行动。

And finally, in our progress towards a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order. There must be a strict supervision of all banking and credits and investments. There must be an end to speculation with other people's money. And there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

最后，在我们努力进行恢复工作的同时，我们需要两种措施来防止邪恶的旧秩序回归。第一，所有的银行、信贷和投资都要有严格的监管。用别人的钱进行投资必须被制止。第二，必须发行既充足又不会导致经济问题的货币。

These, my friends, are the lines of attack. I shall presently urge upon a new congress in special session detailed measures for their fulfillment, and I shall seek the immediate assistance of the 48 States.

我的朋友们，这些就是行动路线。我将立即在特别会议上敦促新一届国会采取具体措施来实现这些目标，并立即寻求所有州的帮助。

Through this program of action we address ourselves to putting our own national house in order and making income balance outgo. Our international trade relations, though vastly important, are in point of time, and necessity, secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy. I favor, as a practical policy, the putting of first things first. I shall spare no effort to restore world trade by international economic readjustment; but the emergency at home cannot wait on that accomplishment.

通过这个项目行动，我们将尽全力调理好我们的国民议会，并使收支平衡。我们的国际贸易关系固然非常重要，但在这样的关键时间和需求上，建立一个健全的国民经济更加重要。作为明智的政策，我赞成急事先办。我将不遗余力地通过重整国际经济来修复全球贸易；但国内的紧急情况等不及让那个先完成。

The basic thought that guides these specific means of national recovery is not nationally -- narrowly nationalistic. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of America -- a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. It is the way to recovery. It is the immediate way. It is the strongest assurance that recovery will endure.

指导全国复兴的基本思想不是全国性的狭隘民族主义。首先要考虑的是坚持合众国境内各种要素的互相依靠，这是对美国先驱精神古老而永久的重要体现的认可。这是当下的复兴之路，也是对经济持续复苏的最有力保证。

In the field of world policy, I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor: the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others; the neighbor who respects his obligations and respects the sanctity of his agreements in and with a world of neighbors.

在外交领域，我会让这个国家奉行睦邻政策：一个坚决尊重自己并因此尊重他人权利的邻居；尊重自己的义务，尊重自己与他国之间协议的神圣性的邻居。

If I read the temper of our people correctly, we now realize, as we have never realized before, our interdependence on each other; that we cannot merely take, but we must give as well; that if we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective. We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good. This, I propose to offer, pledging that the larger purposes will bind upon us, bind upon us all as a sacred obligation with a unity of duty hitherto evoked only in times of armed strife.

如果我正确地解读了人民的情绪，我们已经意识到——就如我们从未意识到的那样——我们是如此互相依靠；我们不能只获得，也要有所给予；如果我们想前进，就必须像训练有素的忠诚的军队那样愿意为普遍的纪律做出牺牲，因为没有这样的纪律，我们就什么也做不成，什么有效的领导也达不到。我知道，我们已准备好并愿意将我们的生命和所有物献给那样的纪律，因为它使一个以更大的利益为目标的领导成为可能。我如此提议，来保证更大的目标将作为一项神圣的义务约束我们所有人，唤醒迄今只有在战时才有过的责任统一。

With this pledge taken, I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people dedicated to a disciplined attack upon our common problems.

有了上述保证，我毫不犹豫地认为我们这伟大人民的领导层能有组织地处理我们共同的问题。

Action in this image, action to this end is feasible under the form of government which we have inherited from our ancestors. Our constitution is so simple, so practical that it is possible always to meet extraordinary needs by changes in emphasis and arrangement without loss of essential form. That is why our constitutional system has proved itself the most superbly enduring political mechanism the modern world has ever seen. It has met every stress of vast expansion of territory, of foreign wars, of bitter internal strife, of world relations. And it is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly equal, wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure.

在这种情况下，在我们从先人那里继承的政府形式下，为了这个目的采取的行动是可行的。我们的宪法如此简单和实用，以至于通过改变关注重心和重新安排而不失去必要的形式就能满足特殊的需求。这就是我们的宪法已经成为现代世界最持久的政治机制的原因。它经受了领土大规模扩张、对外战争、激烈的内乱和国际关系的压力。行政机关和立法机关被期望完全平衡和有能力来应对我们面临的前所未有的难题。但前所未有的对即刻的行动的需求可能要求我们暂时偏离公共程序的正常状态。

I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption.

在这样一个灾难般的世界中的灾难般的国家，我根据宪法规定的义务准备了可能需要采取的措施的建议。我将在宪法赋予我权利的范围内寻求尽快采取这些措施，以及国会根据其经验和智慧形成的其他举措。

But, in the event that the congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.

但是，如果国会未能采取这两种方针中的一种，如果全国的紧急情况依然严峻，我将不会逃避那时我面临的明确职责。我将要求国会提供剩下的那个工具来应对危机——对紧急状况发动战争的广泛权力，就好像我们真的被国外的敌人入侵时我将获得的权利一样大。

For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time. I can do no less.

出于对我的信任的回报，我将拿出勇气和适合这个时期的奉献精神。我将尽我所能。

We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity; with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values; with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike. We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.

我们以举国团结的热情勇气、寻求古老而宝贵的价值观的清晰意识和男女老少严格履行职责带来的满足感来应对摆在我们面前的艰苦时日。我们的目标是保证全面又长久的国民生活。

We do not distrust the -- the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it.

我们不用猜疑基本民主制度的未来。合众国的人民从未失败。在他们的需求下，他们提出授权，期望采取直接而有力的行动。他们要求有领导的纪律和指导。他们选出了我作为实现他们愿望的人。本着这个授权的精神，我临危受命。

In this dedication -- In this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.

在这个国家的祝圣典礼上，我们恭敬地祈求上帝保佑。

May He protect each and every one of us.

愿他保护我们每一个人。

May He guide me in the days to come.

愿他在未来的日子里指引我。