2021年浙江高考英语

You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.

你跑进杂货店买一瓶水。

You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.

你拿到你需要的东西，走到前面，选择看起来最快的队伍。

You chose wrong. 你选择错了。

People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot.

在你退房去停车场之后，你还咒骂了排了很长时间的队的人。

___11___It turns out, it's just math working against you;

事实证明，这只是你不擅长数学

chances are, the other line really is faster.

很有可能，另一条队伍确实更快。

Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.

杂货店试图在收银台有足够的员工，以最小的延迟让所有顾客通过。

___12___Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.

任何一个小的中断——一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的客户，都可能造成下游的影响，阻碍整条队伍的顺利通过。

If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.

如果商店中有三行排队的队伍，延迟将在不同的收银台中随机发生。

Think about the probability:____13____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.

想想这个概率:_   所以这不只是你的想法:另一个队伍可能移动得更快。

Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.

研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题。

Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register.

让所有的顾客排成蜿蜒的长队，用下一个可用的收银台为前面的每个人服务。

___14___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.

这是他们在大多数银行和快餐店做的事。 With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.

在蜿蜒的队伍中，在一个登记处长时间的延迟不会对排在后面的人造成不公平的惩罚。 Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.

相反地，它会减慢每个人的速度，但却加快了整体的结账速度。

____15____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.

      它需要许多收银台，为了保持一个排队队伍快速结账离开，并且一些商店负担不起空间或人力。

So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.

所以无论你下次等待的是什么地方:祝你好运。

A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?

为什么这种事总是发生在你身上?

B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?

所以为什么大多数地方不鼓励蜿蜒的排队呢?

C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.

有些人可能已经排了将近一个小时的队。

D The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.

你的队伍最快的机会只有三分之一。

E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?

在排队队伍中，你所在的队伍，最快的概率有多高?

F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.

用三个收银台，这个方法比传统方法快得多。

G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.

但有时，比如星期天下午，系统会特别繁忙。

【答案】11. A 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. B

【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。

【11题详解】

下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. (原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。)”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。

【12题详解】

上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.(杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。)”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.(任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个排队的队伍。)”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。

【13题详解】

根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. (如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。)”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.(所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。)”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。

【14题详解】

根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.(这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。)”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。

【15题详解】

结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.(要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。)”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。