2020 年 11 月 CATTI 英语一笔汉译英练习

现代西方的中国学研究大致经历了两个代际的变化。第一代是历史主义流派，第二代是意识形态流派。当代西方对中国的认知，不论是学术界或大众媒体，都深受这两大代际流派的影响。

The western studies on modern China mainly went through two phases, marked by the school of historicism and the school of ideology, respectively, both of which deeply influences the western's contemporary perception of China among the academies and the social media.

现代中国学研究的第一代，可以追溯到 20 世纪初。他们用历史主义的语境研究中国，研究方法深受传统文化影响，研究领域涵盖了中国的政治、历史、社会状况和中国历史上重要的领袖人物。

The first phase of the studies could date back to the begginning of the 20th century. Within a historical context, the research was profounded affected by the traditional culture, covering a span of Chinese politics, history, social conditions, and prominent leaders appeared in China's history.

中国学的第二代，始于 1989 年，在后冷战时代的意识形态狂热中诞生。这一时期的研究，陷入自由民主或专制独裁的意识形态两元对立。在研究取向上，强调政治立场先行和意识形态挂帅，目的只有一个，即证明中国的政治制度必然崩溃。可惜，这一代流派的研究一再被中国成功发展的事实证伪，备受质疑。

The second phase of the studies took off in 1989 amidst the ideological zealotry in the post cold war era. Marked by the binary opposition between liberalism and autocracy,  studies at that period prioritized political stance and ideology, with a sole purpose to prove that the inevitable collapse of the Chinese political system. Ironically, such studies have been denied by China's success story over and over again, and was consequently questioned.

第三代中国学发端于新的形势背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。这一代流派的演进，将推动中国学从基础结构上发生转型，并使世界对中国的认知产生决定性影响。这对中国共产党来说意义深远，作为中国政治治理模式的核心。

The third phase of the China studies started under a new condition, adopting different methods and aims. Such evolvement may promote a transition in the basic structure of China studies and cast decisive influence on the world's perception of China. With great importance to the Communist Party of China, it should be regarded as the core of the Chinese political governance.

最近几十年来，中国全方位快速崛起，全球政治、历史、经济研究的顶尖人士， 纷纷聚焦中国，希望探究这一历史重大事件的深远含义。这个群体不再象前两代那样限于中国通，而是来自各个领域。

Resent decades have witnessed the rise of China in a all-round way. Top researches in global politics, history, and economis are all focusing on China, hoping to explore the essence of this major historic event. This group of people is not limited to the so-called China experts as we saw in the previous two phases, but from various sectors. 

一个趋向可以称为实证派，即以收集客观数据为基本研究方法，从历史和现在的角度客观分析中国的治理模式。

And the studies are getting empirical, based on gathering objective data and analyzing the Chinese model of governance in both historical and modern perspectives.