wiki笔记--Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus--2022/4/4
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
[edit on Wikidata]
The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, body-weight regulation and circadian activity.[1] More specifically, it is a necessary component for the expression of numerous behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus receives information from neurons and humors involved in feeding regulation, body weight and energy consumption, and then passes this information on to brain regions involved in sleep and wakefulness regulation, body temperature and corticosteroid secretion.[2]
Contents
· 1Function
· 2Clinical significance
· 2.1Damage
· 3References
Function[edit]
The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receives its circadian information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, both directly and via subparaventricular zone, and senses leptin
(存在着饿醒这种情况。那么应该是较高的leptin会抑制DMH，从而降低locus coeruleus and orexinergic neurons的兴奋度，而较低的leptin浓度会减少对DMH的抑制，从而增加locus coeruleus and orexinergic neurons的兴奋度，导致变得更清醒。很有可能DMH投射的轴突是抑制型的。)
and other feeding cues, but it is also possible that it contains its own feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO). This still has yet to be proven in vitro. The DMH sends information to the ventrolateral preoptic area, locus coeruleus, and orexinergic neurons in order to aid in the regulation of wakefulness.
（这句话并没有说DMH的轴突是抑制还是兴奋，我的一个推测是对ventrolateral preoptic area抑制，从而抑制睡眠状态；对locus coeruleus and orexinergic neurons兴奋，从而提高NE系统的活动和饮食动机，增加清醒度。）
The DMH is also involved in the regulation of hypothalamic outflow to the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems.[3] Almost all major nuclei and areas of the hypothalamus feed information to the DMH.[4] The inhibition of neuronal activation using muscimol in the DMH inhibited 85% of heart rate response and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress. This displays that the DMH also plays a role in the increase of heart rate and blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress
（说明交感系统被一定程度抑制，那么DMH的活动应该对应着交感系统的活动，对应着NE system的基础活动，DMH很可能并不导致NE浓度的急速增加，因为它并不位于NE放大环路中。这正好与solitary nucleus的功能相反，当胃肠到产生大量信息上传到solitary nucleus时，导致solitary nucleus去抑制locus coeruleus，这与DMH去兴奋locus coeruleus正相反。DMH应该是引发进食的核团，而solitary nucleus能起到抑制进食。）
.[5] The DMH is also a part of the pathway corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) takes when it is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and it is involved in the flow from the sympathetic nervous system to the adrenal gland（这句话看似很重要，但是其中存在严重的语法错误，导致无法理解这句话。takes的主语缺失，flow在句子中的含义也存在问题。）.[6]
Clinical significance[edit]
Damage[edit]
It was found in the study done by Gooley et al. that lesions in DMH neurons in rats prevented food entrainment of wakefulness, locomotor activity, and core body temperature.
(这里应该暗含了DMH的功能包括wakefulness的维持、locomotor activity的维持、core body temperature的维持，基本上都属于NE system的功能范围，也就是可以确定DMH是去兴奋locus coeruleus。或许，DMH被lateral hypothalamus兴奋，然后DMH也去兴奋orexinergic neurons，从而形成这样的一个兴奋型的正反馈循环。 )
This further verifies its role in oscillation between feeding and circadian rhythm.[3] Lesions in the DMH of rats also caused a weakened level of response to the feeding-stimulant insulin.[6]
