Lesson 55 Not a gold mine

·单词

gold n.    金子；adj.    金色的；金制的

    ·a gold mine    一座金矿

    ·He has a gold watch.    他有一块金表

    ·golden adj.    金色的,金质的,珍贵的

        ·He missed a golden opportunity.    他错过了一个珍贵的机会

mine n.    矿

    ·mineral n.    矿物,矿物质；adj.    矿物质的

        ·mineral water    矿泉水：一种从地下含有矿物质的水源中提取的水，通常被认为对健康有益

treasure n.    财宝

revealer n.    探测器

invent v.    发明

    ·discover v    发现

detect v.    探测

    ·detective n.    侦探

bury v.    埋藏

cave n.    山洞

seashore n.    海岸

pirate n.    海盗

    ·Pirates of the Caribbean    加勒比海盗

    ·n.    盗版

        ·pirate books    盗版书

        ·pirate software    盗版软件

arm v.    武装；n.    胳膊，手臂，上肢；武器，军备

soil n.    泥土

entrance n.    入口

    ·enter vt.    进入

    ·exit n.    出口

finally adv.    最后

worthless adj.    毫无价值地

    ·-less    形容词后缀，表示“无”、“缺”、“没有”；表示“不”

thoroughly adv.    彻底地

trunk n.    行李箱，树干，象鼻

confident adj.    有信心的

    ·confidence n.    信心

    ·self- confident adj.    有自信心的

    ·self-confidence n.    自信心

value n.    价值

·本课句型

used to do sth. 和 would do sth. 的三点区别，其他情况都可以互换

    ·1.used to do 明确的过去常常做，现在不做的意思，而 would do 有以前常常做，但现在做不做不知道

        ·I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.

    ·2.表示过去静止的状态，只能用 used to do

        ·I used to be a student. I used to have many pen-friends.

    ·3.would do 不能用在故事的开头，只能用在后续的描述表示经常做

        ·When I was a boy, I used to spent my holiday ina factory. I would get up at 5:00 and would start working at 6:00.

非谓语动词

    ·什么是非谓语动词?

        ·一主搭配一谓，不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）

    ·什么时候用非谓语动词?

        ·一主搭配一谓配好后，想用多余的动词就要变成非谓语动词

    ·非谓语动词分几种?

        ·doing/done/to do

     ·只有 doing/done/to do 单独出现的时候才是非谓语，指前面没有别的动词出现

非谓语动词的作用

    ·1.相当于名词用，作 主语/宾语/表语 ( doing/to do ）

        ·Fishing is my favourite sport.    L20

        ·To fish is my favourite sport.

        ·Playing basketball is my favorite sport.

        ·It was his job to repair bicycles.    L31

            ·it 做形式主语

    ·相当于名词用，作 主语/宾语/表语 ( doing/to do ）

        ·I often fish for hours without catching anything.    L20

            ·介宾，介词后面只能接名词代词和 doing，所以这里不能用to do

        ·Both men started running through the trees.    L44

            ·动宾，doing 和 to do 可以切换

            ·Both men started to run through the trees.

    ·相当于名词用，作 主语/宾语/表语 ( doing/to do ）

        ·My dream is travelling around the world.

            ·长得像进行时态，但是是动名词作表语，因为易混，所以常用 to do 作表语

        ·My dream is to travel around the world.

    ·2.修饰 名词/句子，作 定语/状语 [ doing（主动进行）/done（被动已完成）/to do（目的即将去做）]

        ·Passing planes can be heard night and day.

            ·修饰名词作定语，挨着飞机，doing 主动进行，主动经过的飞机

        ·I was the only passenger left on the bus.

            ·修饰名词作定语，挨着乘客，done 被动已完成，被落在公交车上的乘客

        ·I have a lot of homework to do.

            ·修饰名词作定语，挨着作业，to do 目的即将去做，有作业要写

    ·修饰 名词/句子，作 定语/状语 [ doing（主动进行）/done（被动已完成）/to do（目的即将去做）]

        ·Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger.

            ·作状语，修饰整个句子，Looking round 的两边没有紧挨着的名词需要修饰，且有一个 “,” 和整个句子隔开，我主动看了一眼周围

        ·Armed with the new machine, they went into the cave...

            ·作状语，修饰整个句子，Armed with the new machine，被新机器武装的他们

        ·I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view...

            ·作状语，修饰整个句子，虽然前面有名词，但是不能是公交车将去获得一个好的视野，所以还要看句子的的主语 I，我坐在公交车的前面目的是获得一个好的视野

·课文

    Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where —— it is said —— pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.

    ·dream of    梦想    

    ·Dremas of finding lost treasure

        ·finding，doing，主动找

        ·lost，done，被丢失的财宝

        ·finding lost treasure 作动名词短语

    ·come ture    变成现实

A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

    ·called，done，被叫做，修饰前面的名词作定语

    ·to detect，to do，目的是去探测黄金，作宾语

    ·has been done    现在完成时的被动形式

—— it is said ——

    ·it is said    据说

    ·插入语，可以直接不看

The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to hide gold.

    ·不看插入语后这就是一个定语从句

The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk.

    ·并列句，所以 did not find 前的主语被省略了，因为和前半句的主语相同

 in spite of    尽管

    ·in spite of this    尽管这样

    ·despite prep.    介词，只能接词，不能接句子

something of value = something valuable    有价值的

·知识拓展

写作拓展：

something of value = something valuable

something of great value = something very valuable

very important = of great importance

very different = of great difference

例句

Your final exam is of great importance.

Chinese and English are of great difference.

Studying English is of great importance.

区分易混淆词组：

used to do sth.    过去常常做某事，现在已经不这样做了

    ·The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to hide gold.

be used to do sth.    被用来去做某事

    ·The machine has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

be used to sth./doing sth.    习惯于 某物/做某事

    ·I am used to staying up late.

    ·She didn' t like this district at first, but she is used to it now.

练习

I (use to) (used to) see him often.

    ·I used to see him often.    我过去常常看他

I (am used to) (used to) swimming in cold water.

    ·I am used to swimming in cold water.    我习惯在冷水里游泳

He (used to) (is used to) buy two bars of chocolate.

    ·He used to buy two bars of chocolate.    他过去常买两块巧克力

I couldn' t stand the noise at first but I (am used to) (used to) it now.

    ·I couldn' t stand the noise at first but I am used to it now.    起初我无法忍受这种噪音，但现在我已经习惯了

不规则变化的动词：

原型    过去式    过去分词    动词ing

·dig    dug    dug    digging