上海外国语大学硕士研究生考试高翻学院MA翻译学初试备考，翻译实践英译汉举例练习+解析

高译教育专注上外考研辅导，由上外及北外硕博校友创办。专注上外各个专业考研辅导，及上海其他院校外语专业考研十年。师资来自上外、复旦、华师大、北外、北语等名校优秀硕博校友。

自2013年创办至今，已辅导包括英、法、德、俄、日、朝、阿、西、汉国教、语言学、金融、新闻、广告、传播、……三十多个专业门类近千名学员成功考取上外、复旦、对外经贸、华师、同济、上师、天师、北外、南大等高校研究生。

经验贴二，2023上外考研高翻学院MA翻译学上岸经验分享

高译独家，2023年上外高翻学院MA翻译学翻译综合真题解析

上外考研，高译教育初试辅导课程详情

2024上外考研，高译暑假强化集训营报名中（线上授课 7月中旬开营）

………

……

上外考研MA翻译学初试科目、题型

一、初试科目：

①101 思想政治理论

②外国语（202 俄语、203 日语、270 法语、271 德语、272 西班牙语、273 阿拉伯语、274 意大利语、275 葡萄牙语、276 朝鲜语）任选一门

③ 641 翻译实践

④ 841 翻译综合

注：

初始分算法：政治*120%+外语*20%+专业课一*120%+专业课二*120%+政策加分(从21年的开始改为这样算了。）

政策加分： 当过兵的、支过教的、当过村官儿的、当过农村义务教育特设岗的、到国外当过汉语教师志愿者的，3年内参加研究生考试加10分。立过二等功的推荐免试录取。（具体可参见上外的研究生招生简章中的详细说明。）

二、初试题型：

翻译综合：

翻译综合一般包含五道大题。

前两道是名词概念题，通常出题形式有：翻译并解释概念（一般是中文翻译成英文并用英文解释，英文译成中文再用中文解释），以及概念辨析（即辨析两个概念的不同）。内容通常包括翻译理论概念，翻译研究者人名（他的主要思想、理论成果）。

后面三大题都是论述题，出题会顺应当下翻译研究的发展趋势，考察你对翻译理论的理解情况，考察你对该学科领域研究的关注。很多题目都是非常灵活的，没有标准答案，且知识面覆盖面较广，因此平时要多涉猎。度，以及你的学术能力、逻辑思维能力、思辨能力。

翻译实践：

通常是考中英互译

上外考研高翻MA翻译学初试备考

英译汉练习+做题解析

一、翻译思路，需要注意的地方

英译中的要点是对原文信息的正确理解以及目的语的精准再表达。正确理解原文是英译中的基础，表达则是检验译文质量的直接途径，因此英译中（尤其在文学翻译中）需要避免过重的翻译腔，而要避免翻译腔就需要了解英汉语言表达与思维方式的差异。我们都知道，英语是一种兼有综合语和分析语特征的语言，而汉语是典型的分析语；英语是刚性的、形合的、繁复的、物称的、被动的、静态的、抽象的、间接的、替换的，而汉语是柔性的、意合的、简短的、人称的、主动的、动态的、具体的、直接的、重复的。

两相比较，英译中有以下几种转换技巧可供参考：

1. 被动变主动；

2. 长难句拆分为短句；

3. 人称、冠词、代词的处理；

4. 正话反说；

5. 改变词性。

接下来，笔者拟结合上述几种技巧对三处划线部分的翻译进行分析。这部分文章摘自毛姆《面纱》，整体难度不大，但具足英语行文特点，同学们可借此打磨自己的译文，积累更多英译汉经验。

划线①部分出现了certainly这一插入语，处理时需注意。中文书面一般不会出现“信息，确实/诚然/确有其事，信息”这样的结构，可想办法将插入语信息整合到联系较紧密的语句中，如参考译文所示，也可以将插入语信息提前，如：“不错，他是个医生……”。接下来的practice一词，也是结合语境转换为出诊或开业诊疗等表述更佳。段末出现了连续的名词，翻译时应注意保持词性一致，可直译为各项活动，也可处理为进行活动的场所（酒吧、网球场、赛马场等）。

划线②部分同样需注意动词的灵活处理。“The Bar”不可想当然译为酒吧，遇到大写需谨慎，“the Bar”是律师界的意思，即使不知道确切含义，也可结合前文首席法官一词进行推断。“She knew that……entertain”一句较为复杂，可进行如下分割：She knew that/ her father was as a rule bored to death/ by the young people/ whom for her sake and now her sister's/ he had been forced for years to entertain. 可以看出后面两个分句都是修饰前面年轻人的，理解大意后再进行重组整合。接下来大段对话的翻译要旨就是语言流畅，但注意不要过于口语化，归根结底这是一篇文学性文本。

划线③部分考察了一定词汇量。类似“thought it not impossible”一类的双重否定句可采用正话反说的翻译技巧。接下来的“engaged all the time to some nurse”容易误译，并不是“在护士们身上花费时间”，而是“与某个护士订婚”。Engage有订婚之意，同时此处的nurse是单数形式，all the time为时间状语，表示该订婚状态一直持续。同学们在紧张的考试环节中尤其要注意大小写、单复数之类的小细节。

………

……

二、阅读以下原文，翻译划线部分

原文：

①During the next week she met him at three dances and now, his shyness perhaps wearing off a little, he was somewhat more communicative. He was a doctor, certainly, but he did not practise; he was a bacteriologist (Kitty had only a very vague idea what that meant) and he had a job at Hong Kong. He was going back in the autumn. He talked a good deal about China. She made it a practice to appear interested in whatever people talked to her of, but indeed the life in Hong Kong sounded quite jolly; there were clubs and tennis and racing and polo and golf.

"Do people dance much there?"

"Oh, yes, I think so."

She wondered whether he told her these things with a motive. He seemed to like her society, but never by a pressure of the hand, by a glance or by a word, did he give the smallest indication that he looked upon her as anything but a girl whom you met and danced with. On the following Sunday he came again to their house. Her father happened to come in, it was raining and he had not been able to play golf, and he and Walter Fane had a long chat. She asked her father afterwards what they had talked of.

②"It appears he's stationed at Hong Kong. The Chief Justice is an old friend of mine at the Bar. He seems an unusually intelligent young man."

She knew that her father was as a rule bored to death by the young people whom for her sake and now her sister's he had been forced for years to entertain.

"It's not often you like any of my young men, father,"she said. His kind, tired eyes rested upon her.

"Are you going to marry him by any chance?"

"Certainly not."

"Is he in love with you?"

"He shows no sign of it."

"Do you like him?"

"I don't think I do very much. He irritates me a little."

He was not her type at all. He was short, but not thick-set, slight rather and thin; dark and clean-shaven, with very regular, clean-cut features. His eyes were almost black, but not large, they were not very mobile and they rested on objects with a singular persistence; they were curious, but not very pleasant eyes. With his straight, delicate nose, his fine brow, and well-shaped mouth he ought to have been good-looking. But surprisingly enough he was not. When Kitty began to think of him at all she was surprised that he should have such good features when you took them one by one. His expression was slightly sarcastic and now that Kitty knew him better she realized that she was not quite at ease with him. He had no gaiety.

③By the time the season drew to its end they had seen a good deal of one another, but he had remained as aloof and impenetrable as ever. He was not exactly shy with her, but embarrassed； his conversation remained strangely impersonal. Kitty came to the conclusion that he was not in the least in love with her. He liked her and found her easy to talk to, but when he returned to China in November he would not think of her again. She thought it not impossible that he was engaged all the time to some nurse at a hospital in Hong Kong, the daughter of a clergyman, dull, plain, flat-footed and strenuous; that was the wife that would exactly suit him.

Then came the announcement of Doris's engagement to Geoffrey Dennison. Doris, at eighteen, was making quite a suitable marriage, and she was twenty-five and single. Supposing she did not marry at all? That season the only person who had proposed to her was a boy of twenty who was still at Oxford: she couldn't marry a boy five years younger than herself. She had made a hash of things. Last year she had refused a widowed Knight of the Bath with three children. She almost wished she hadn't. Mother would be horrible now, and Doris, Doris who had always been sacrificed because she, Kitty, was expected to make the brilliant match, would not fail to crow over her. Kitty's heart sank.  

参考文献：[1]MAUGHAM W. The Painted Veil[M]. Nanjing：Yilin Press，2020：25-27.

三、参考译文

①接下来的一周，她又在三场舞会上见到他。他的羞涩似乎消失了些许，变得更健谈了点儿。他确实是个医生，虽然并不出诊。他是个细菌学家（凯蒂对这个词的意思只有非常模糊的概念），在香港有份工作，今年秋天就要返回香港。他谈及许多有关中国的事情，凯蒂已经习惯了无论别人跟她谈什么都作出一副感兴趣的样子，但在香港的生活听起来的确很有趣，那里有酒吧、有网球、有赛马、有马球，还有高尔夫。

②“他好像常驻香港。那儿的首席法官是我在律师界的老朋友。他看上去是个相当聪明的年轻人。”

她知道父亲这些年来被迫招待那些冲她、现在又冲她妹妹来的年轻人，已经对此厌烦至极了。

“您很少对追我的人有好感的，父亲，”她说。他慈爱又疲惫的眼光落在她身上。

“你有可能会嫁给他吗？”

“当然不会了。”

“他爱上你了吗？”

“他没什么表示。”

“你喜欢他吗？”

“我不太喜欢他。他让我有点儿不耐烦。”

③这一季结束前他们已经见过许多次面，但他仍然是那副冷淡莫测的样子。他与她在一起时并不害羞，只是局促不安，他说起话来还是怪异地缺乏人情味。凯蒂得出结论：他一点儿也没有爱上她的意思。他只是喜欢她、觉得和她聊天很轻松，但等他十一月份一回中国就再也不会想起她。她想着或许他早已跟香港医院的某个护士订了婚，可能是牧师的女儿，乏味、平庸、笨拙又精力旺盛，这样的妻子再适合他不过了。

……

考研是一场坚持不懈努力的过程，祝愿各位同学在接下来备考中持之以恒，全力以赴，进行针对性的备考，实现梦想！

2024上外考研| 高译暑假强化集训营报名中（线上授课 7月中旬开营）

暑假集训将围绕上外考研初试涉及的四门科目进行为期一个月左右的强化集训，针对上外各个题型考点进行高强度讲练、成绩拔高、拓展提升专项知识，剖析考点及评分策略，全面提高上外初试各科应试能力。内部练习讲练、历年真题讲练各版块知识、考点、难点讲练、答题技巧训练、出题思路、命题趋势讲析。

上外考研，高译教育暑期强化集训即将拉开帷幕，打牢入围上外坚实基础！小伙伴们都准备好了吗？

课程7月份开始，8月份介绍。每个专业单独组班，涉及上外英语、法语、德语、日语、俄语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语、朝鲜语等语种学硕专硕、汉国教、翻译学、金融、新闻、国贸等近30个专业。

上外考研翻译学暑期集训课表

2023上外考研高译部分外语专业学员上岸情况

他们在高译老师专业的指导下，努力备考拉高分数，成功迈进上外研究生大门！！！

MA翻译学，上外全国录取7人，其中3名是高译学员，名列前茅！

日语语言文学，6位初试学员，4个进复试全部上岸（初试技术分成绩都在376以上哦！），另有1个单独报复试辅导的也成功上岸。

英语语言文学，8名学员，6名进入复试并成功录取！初试成绩都在370～390之间。

法语语言文学，高译6个初试学员，4名进入复试，全部上岸。另有1名单独复试辅导也成功上岸！

德语语言文学，上外全国5个进复试，其中有2名是高译学员，全部上岸。

日语口译，上外全国总共4个进复试，其中1名为高译学员。

阿拉伯语口译，上外全国共录取5人，其中2名为高译学员。

英语口译，高译11名学员，7名进入复试，今年上外整体压分还是比较重的情况下！上岸6人。

西班牙语口译，上外全国共有4人进入复试，其中2名为高译学员，全部上岸。

朝鲜语口译，5名初试辅导学员，3人进入复试，全部上岸；

德语口译，上外全国4个进复试其中2名是高译学员，全部录取。

法语口译，上外全国总共5个进复试，其中2名是高译学员，全部上岸。

汉语国际教育，高译18名学员，12人成功上岸：朝鲜语方向2人、日语方向4人、西班牙语方向1人、英语方向5人

………

……

上外考研辅导班高译教育，专注上外考研辅导

高译教育-由上外及北外硕博校友创办，专注上外各个专业考研、考博及上海院校外语专业考研、考博辅导。师资来自上外、复旦、华师大、北外、北语等名校优秀硕博校友。

自2013年创办至今，辅导范围涵括英语、法语、德语、俄语、日语、朝鲜语、阿拉伯语、西班牙语、汉语国际教育、语言学、金融学、新闻学、广告学、传播学等三十多个专业门类。近千名学员通过高译教育成功考取上外、复旦、对外经贸、华师、同济、上师、天师、北外、南大等高校研究生、博士生。