2023年上半年四六级汉译英练习：《资治通鉴》（新版）
如果你读原版《资治通鉴》有难度，建议可以找找柏杨老师的版本。
网上流传的《资治通鉴》比较多见的是也就是那句著名的“以史为镜，可以明得失”（也作以史为鉴，可以明得失）
Directions: Translate the following passage into English.
《资治通鉴》（），是由北宋史学家司马光主编的一部多卷本编年体史书，共294卷，涵盖十六朝1362年的历史，从周威烈王二十三年写起，到五代后周世宗显德六年停笔，历时十九年。在这部书里，编者总结出许多经验教训，供统治者借鉴，即以历史的得失作为鉴诫来加强统治，所以定名为《资治通鉴》。该书文字优美，叙事生动，体例严整，征引史料极为丰富，具有非常高的史学和文学价值，对后世史学的发展产生了极大的影响。今人学习和研究《资治通鉴》，有助于我们批判继承和发扬历史文化的传统，也有助于今人以史为镜，为建设新社会新文化而积极工作。
简析：
1- 编年体史书：chronologic-style historical book series（《资治通鉴》卷数繁多，series指的是整套）
2- 卷用的是volume，在国外的学术论文期刊总能见到。
a) 学术期刊：academic journal
b) 卷号：Vol No.（volume number）
c) 发行号：Issue number
3- 历史的教训：lessons learned from history
4- 以史为镜：take our history as a mirror（字面义）, look through our history（简短译）
以铜为镜，可以正衣冠：Through a mirror of copper, we tidy ourselves right
以史为镜，可以知兴替：Through our history, we foresee our rises and falls
以人为镜，可以明得失：Through people around, we see our gain and loss
5- 统治者：governor, ruler
治国：state governance；govern their countries
6- 文字优美：graceful wording
叙事生动：vivid narration
7- 引用历史事件：quotes from historical events
8- 文学价值：literary value（文学：literature；文学的：literary；文人学士：literati）
9- 产生极大影响：have a far-reaching / profound / significant influence on
10- 从……继承：inherit from…
11- 后世：later generations；子孙后代：offspring；代代相传：be passed on from generation to generation
12- 鉴戒：warnings；以……为戒：take warnings from... / take ... as a warning to ...
前文行文
《资治通鉴》，是由北宋史学家司马光主编的一部多卷本编年体史书，共294卷，涵盖十六朝1362年的历史，从周威烈王二十三年写起，到五代后周世宗显德六年停笔，历时十九年。
主句可以是
“ 《资治通鉴》是一部多卷本编年体史书①（定语：由北宋史学家司马光主编②）+ 共294卷③，涵盖十六朝1362年的历史④【跨度从周威烈王二十三年，到五代后周世宗显德六年⑤】。这本书的完成编写，耗时司马光十九年⑥”
is a chronic-style book series ①
(written by the Northern Song Dynasty historian Si Maguang ②),
with 294 volumes in total ③,
covering a history of 1,362 years with/including 16 dynasties ④,
ranging from the 23rd year of the Emperor Zhouliewang to the 6th year of emperor Zhoushizong Xiande of the post-five dynasties ⑤.
Si Maguang spent 19 years finishing writing it ⑥.
这六段也可以调换顺序，如下：
with 294 volumes in total ③,
covering a history of 1,362 years with/including 16 dynasties ④,
ranging from the 23rd year of the Emperor Zhouliewang to the 6th year of emperor Zhoushizong Xiande of the post-five dynasties ⑤.
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government is a chronic-style book series ①
(written by the Northern Song Dynasty historian Si Maguang ②),
who (Si Maguang 前文已有，换成非限制性定语从句) spent 19 years finishing writing it ⑥.
With 294 volumes in total, a history of 1,362 years including 16 dynasties, from the 23rd year of the Emperor Zhouliewang to the 6th year of emperor Zhoushizong Xiande of the post-five dynasties, is a chronologic-style historical book series authored by the Northern Song Dynasty historian Si Maguang, who spent 19 years finishing writing the full series. In this book, the author summarized numerous lessons for rulers to learn from, that is, take warnings from the gains and losses in history for strengthening their governance, and this is how got its name. With graceful wording, vivid narrations, strict structures and a high abundance of quotes from events in history, the book is of significant historical and literary value and has a profound and far-reaching influence on later generations to advance the study and research on history. Today, studying is of great benefits for us to learn from, inherit from and promote the great traditions of our history and culture, also motivate us to learn from our history and work hard for the construction of a new society and new culture.
