【龙腾网】研究表明，四天工作制能在英国创造50万个新工作岗位

正文翻译

Four-day working week could create 500K new jobs in UK, study says
-Exclusive: thinktank says measure to mitigate unemployment during Covid-19 recession has precedents in both Europe and US

研究表明，四天工作制能在英国创造50万个新工作岗位
——独家报道：智库表示，在疫情经济衰退期间，缓解失业的措施在欧洲和美国都有先例

(Protesters demonstrate outside the Southbank Centre, London, against redundancies due to Covid-19.)

（抗议者在伦敦南岸中心外示威，反对因疫情导致的裁员。）
新闻：

A four-day week in the public sector would create up to half a million new jobs and help limit the rise in unemployment expected over the coming months, according to research by the progressive thinktank Autonomy.

根据激进智库Autonomy的研究，公共部门每周工作四天将创造至多50万个新工作岗位，并有助于限制未来几个月预计将出现的失业率上升。

Amid concerns that the jobless total is set to rise sharply as the Treasury’s furlough scheme is wound down, the thinktank said the time was right for Rishi Sunak to pioneer a shorter working week.

人们担心，随着财政部的休假计划结束，失业总数将大幅上升。在这种情况下，该智库称，里希·苏纳克开创缩短一周工作时间的时机正好。

The Autonomy study represents the first attempt to quantify the jobs impact of a four-day week, with the thinktank saying it would be possible for public sector workers to go on to a 32-hour week with no loss of pay.

Autonomy的研究首次试图量化四天工作制对就业的影响。该智库表示，公共部门的员工有可能继续工作32小时而不损失工资。

More than 5 million people work in the public sector – about one in six of those in employment – but the report noted that in places such as Doncaster, Bradford and Barnsley the proportion rose to about one in five. London, which has a higher percentage of private sector employment would benefit less, the thinktank said.

有超过500万人在公共部门工作，约占就业人数的六分之一，但报告指出，在唐卡斯特、布拉德福德和巴恩斯利等地，这一比例升至约五分之一。该智库称，私营部门就业占比较高的伦敦受益较少。

With the government’s budget deficit on course to be more than £300bn, the plan is unlikely to find favour with the chancellor, despite his recognition that unemployment will increase during the winter. The Bank of England is forecasting that the jobless rate using the internationally agreed measure will rise from just under 4% to 7.5% by the end of the year.

鉴于政府的预算赤字有望超过3000亿英镑，该计划不太可能得到财政大臣的青睐，尽管他承认，到冬季失业率将会上升。英格兰银行预测，采用国际公认的衡量标准计算，到今年年底，失业率将从不到4%上升到7.5%。

Will Stronge, Autonomy’s research director, said: “The time has come for a four-day working week and the public sector should act as the pioneer for it, both as employer and as procurer of services.

Autonomy的研究主管威尔·斯特朗格表示：“实行每周四天工作制的时机已经到来，而公共部门应作为雇主和服务提供者，充当这方面的先锋。”

“The four-day week makes so much sense as it would boost productivity, create new jobs and make us all much happier and healthier.”

“四天工作制非常有意义，因为它能提高生产率，创造新的工作岗位，让我们所有人都更快乐、更健康。”

The report said the public sector should test out the idea as it would reduce burnout, work-related poor mental health and drastically improve work-life balance. More than two-thirds of UK workers were stressed or overworked, the thinktank said.

该报告称，公共部门应该测试这一想法，因为它将减少倦怠、与工作相关的不良心理健康状况，并大幅改善工作与生活的平衡。该智库称，有超过三分之二的英国员工压力过大或工作量过度。

The report said the idea of a shorter working week had been tried in the past during periods of high unemployment.

该报告称，过去在高失业率时期就曾尝试过缩短每周工作时间的想法。

“The oft-cited example of President Roosevelt’s New Deal measures which reduced the working week to 40 hours maximum, is a case in point. Such a scheme is also not unprecedented in the UK: the first Thatcher government inherited and maintained a similar initiative during the 1979-1982 recession.

一个经常被引用的例子就是罗斯福总统的新政，新政将每周工作时间最多减少到40小时。而这样的计划在英国也不是史无前例的：第一届撒切尔内阁在1979年至1982年的经济衰退期间也继承并维持了类似的计划。

评论翻译

sbos_ 
my company removed one of the days and spread the hours across the four days instead. So I’m not working less hours overall but I am working more in a day than before.
And there is your problem.
If it’s stressing you and other colleagues then you need to voice it as a collective. Don’t underestimate workforce power. Your voices are important.

“后来我的公司取消了其中一天，把工作时间分散到四天中。所以我的工作时间并没有减少，但是我一天的工作时间比以前多了”
这就是你的问题。
如果这让你和其他同事感到压力，那么你们需要集体表达出来。不要低估劳动力（的力量）。你们的声音很重要。

PositiveAlcoholTaxis 
Ignore the unemployment figures. Look for opportunities and if all else fails sign on to an agency. I've had 4 permanent jobs and 2 were temp to perms, and I've been offered a couple more while doing temp work.
Then again I don't know what field you are in or what you are capable of. But if you've been in work the whole time (like we were) its probably something in demand and important.
Good luck mate

无视失业数字。寻找机会，如果一切都失败了，那就签约一个劳务派遣公司。我有过4份固定的工作，2份烫发的临时工，还有几份临时工提供给我。
我也不知道你在哪个领域或者你能做什么。但如果你一直都在工作（就像我们一样），那么可能就会需求一些重要的东西。
祝你好运，伙计

AliveArgument 
My business is a software company and we moved to compressed hours from 5 days on 7.5 hours a day to 4 days at 9.5 hours a day. The “extra” day is on a sliding rota basis. So for example week 1 you get Monday off, week 2 you get Tuesday and so on.
We did it for a two week trial initially and the staff loved it so we’ve carried it on. It’s meant everybody has a better work life balance with a long weekend every few weeks.

我的公司是一家软件公司，我们将工作时间从每周5天的7.5小时压缩到每周4天的9.5小时。“额外”的一天基于滑动轮班。例如，第1周你周一休息，那么第2周就是周二，以此类推。
我们最初进行了两周的试验，工作人员很喜欢，所以我们继续进行。这意味着每隔几周就有一个长周末，使每个人都能更好地平衡工作和生活。

dbbk 
Do you really expect people to be productive for 9.5 hours? That’s absurd.

你真的希望人们在9.5个小时内都能高效工作吗？荒谬。

AliveArgument 
No I don’t of course not.

不，我不会，当然不会。

bluesam3
So why insist on them being in the office for 9.5 hours?

那么，为什么还非要他们在办公室里呆9.5个小时呢？

GladiusDave 
I also work for a software house, over lockdown we worked 1 week on then 1 week off due to the team splitting into two.
To mitigate this on the weeks on we were working 50 hour weeks. Every developer was fried and way less productive.
If any job was least suited to presenteeism its software development.

我还在一家软件公司工作，在封锁期间我们工作了一周，然后休息了一周，因为团队分成了两部分。
为了减轻这种压力，我们每周工作50个小时。每个开发人员都被炒了鱿鱼，工作效率也大大降低。
如果说有什么工作最不适合出勤，那就是软件开发。

arlinglee
Im not productive for 7.5 hours a day but i still get everything done in a week.

每天工作7.5个小时我效率不高，但我仍然能在一周内完成所有工作。

reddddtring 
I do 12 hour days. 4 days on 4 days off. Would t change it for anything! It’s amazing. A work days a work day as far as I’m concerned. Leaves me a nice long break every week to actually enjoy my time off and truly switch off.

我每天工作12个小时。工作4天休息4天，不会因任何情况改变！这是惊人的。对我来说，工作日就是工作日。这让我每周都有一个很长的休息时间来真正地享受我的休息时间，真正地“切断电源”。

08148692 
This will work for some busineses, not for others. I work for a small startup, we can't afford to hire more people to make up the extra hours unless we paid everyone 80% of their current wage. This would make many people (including me) look elsewhere for work

4天工作制对某些企业有效，对其他企业无效。我在一家小型初创公司工作，除非我们付给每个人当前工资的80%，否则我们无法雇佣更多的人来弥补加班时间。这将使许多人（包括我）去别处找工作

WhenYouKnowTheReason 
So I'm on salary. Is the idea here that I'd have my wage reduced to 4/5 of its current level, or would I retain my salary and just have the reduced number of hours to work? Because I can't really have my salary reduced. I've got a mortgage to pay for.

所以我靠拿工资过活。该政策的意思是我的工资降低到目前水平的4/5，还是保留我的工资，只是减少工作时间？因为我真的不能减薪。我要付抵押贷款。

reddorical 
So where do the extra 500k jobs come from if all the work is still getting done?

那么，如果所有的工作都能被完成的话，那额外的50万份工作又是从何而来呢？

trailingComma
People with an extra day off tend to spend more money near where they live and are more likely to start a side business.
Both of these causes an increase in demand for various services, which then results in more jobs.

拥有额外一天假期的人往往会在居住地附近花更多的钱，也更有可能开展副业。
这两种情况都会导致对各种服务的需求增加，从而带来更多的工作岗位。

DeadeyeDuncan
Public sector workers presumably not including doctors, nurses and teachers? They already have more work than they have staff - I don't see reducing hours as being a plan for success there.
I had a family member who worked for the civil service for a bit, and they said roughly 20% of their time was taken up with pointless training exercises anyway. So maybe its just talking about them?

公共部门的工作人员大概不包括医生、护士和教师吧？他们的工作量已经超过了员工数量——我不认为减少工作时间是个成功的计划。
我有一个家庭成员在政府部门工作过一段时间，他们说他们大约20%的时间都花在了毫无意义的培训上。所以也许只是在谈论他们？

anotherbozo 
It's the same fallacy as individual employees thinking the business can't run without them... so they put in extra hours even though they are at the low end of the pay scale or career level.

这和个别员工认为公司的运转离不开自己的谬论是一样的……所以即使他们的工资水平或职业水平较低，他们也会加班。

Seabass2001Liberal Democrat
That was my initial thought, but with an increase in minimum wage, or universal basic income to help top up wages it could work. The first obstacle with a 4 day working week is people’s perceptions. Working less equals less money in peoples mind, so an additional top up needs to be made explicit when explaining this.

这是我最初的想法，但通过提高最低工资，或全民基本收入来帮助增加工资，这可能行得通。4天工作制的第一个障碍是人们的观念。在人们的心目中，工作越少，收入就越少，因此，在解释这一点时，需要明确说明额外的增值。

ApolloNeed 
Who is making up the 20%? Because if this leads to a 20% pay cut it’s worthless to any but the wealthiest, if employers have to pay more, they won’t do it. Not really sure how the government could realistically mandate it either.

谁来弥补（第5天的）那20%呢？因为如果这导致了20%的减薪，那么除了最富有的人，这对任何人都毫无价值，如果雇主不得不支付更多，他们不会这样做。我也不确定政府要怎么实际地强制执行。

ClutchHunterLiberal Green (-5.75, -7.64) 
What 20%? You could cut my full-time hours in half and my productivity wouldn't drop.

哪来的20%？你可以把我的全职工作时间减半，但我的总工作效率不会下降。

Argorash
It all sounds great until you remember a 4 day week is a 20% pay cut.

这听起来很不错，直到你发现一周工作4天就等于减薪20%。

Rammrool 
That sounds like socialism to me

在我听来，这像是社会主义

davsheep 
Could, but won't.

能做到，但不会实施。

wasnt_sure20 
I fully support this because I think work/life balance is a huge contributing factor to the mental health crisis we have been experiencing. However, I must ask if this were to go-ahead how would people deal with the loss of income?

我完全支持这一点，因为我认为工作/生活的平衡是造成我们经历的心理健康危机的一个巨大因素。然而，我必须要问的是，如果这项计划得以实施，人们将怎么应对收入的减少呢？