（搬运+个人翻译）hh5节译：极限战士军团组织结构特点
机仆：本文只有战争配置部分和前三段是我翻译的，其它部分译者是天人铁加曼刹那，原帖地址：http://tieba.baidu.com/p/3804656184
赞美翻译庭和各位前辈翻译修士
From its earliest incarnation, the XIIIth Legion had remained true to the strictures of the Principia Bellicosa, as laid down by the Emperor and his advisors at the beginning of the Great Crusade. The warriors of the Legion were organised into standardised companies of approXImately a thousand warriors, then into chapters, each of ten companies. Unlike many of their brother Legions, they made little attempt to re-codify the structure or vary the size of individual units. Instead, the War-born enshrined the basic strictures of this system as an honoured tradition of the Legion, one that was to see little modification even in its later years after the rediscovery of Guilliman, who expanded and elaborated on this structure, seeing in it great virtue, rather than replacing it. Roboute Guilliman also expanded on the XIIIth's practice of observing how others fared in battle and adopting modified versions of their comrade Legions' tactics where efficacious. This spoke to Guilliman's own predilection for analysis and observation, and in his case what the Primarch saw he studied with a relentless precision, always seeking to distil and improve upon success and exceed the originators accomplishments by the application of his intelligence and the diligence of his Legion. Such improvement was something he always believed a possibility, an attitude which at times brought the ire of some of the Roboute Guilliman's peers.
在诞生伊始，第十三军团便忠于基础军典（机仆：Principia Belicosa，拉丁文，直译过来大概是好战原则）的要求限制，如同帝皇及其顾问们在大远征开始时奠定的那样。第十三军团的战士们被组建成为一个个人数大约为一千的标准化连队，之后每十个连队组建成为一个战团。不同于他们的很多兄弟军团，他们几乎没有尝试过重新安排结构或改变单个部队单位的规模。恰恰相反，战争之子们（机仆：蓝精灵的非正式曾用名）将这套体系作为军团光荣的传统进行了珍藏，即使是在原体基里曼回归军团几年之后，这套体系也没有什么变化。基里曼还拓展和详尽阐述了这套体系，他不仅没有替换它，而且从中看到了诸多的优点。罗伯特 基里曼也拓展了第十三军团的战术实践：观察其他军团在战斗中如何表现，并在有效的情况下采用其兄弟军团战术的改进版本。这体现了吉利曼自己对于分析和观察的偏好，无论这位原体看到了什么，他都会以无情的精确度进行研究，通过他自己的才智和第十三军团的勤奋精神，他总是在寻求成功的经验和进步，并超越了军团创始者的成就。这种改善提升是他一直相信的可能性，而这种态度有时会激怒一些罗伯特 基里曼的平辈们。
The operational doctrines of the XIIIth favoured tactical diversity and the application of overwhelming force. As a reflection of this, the Legion maintained relatively few specialised companies, instead choosing to spread those units which maintained large stocks of non-standard equipment and munitions evenly throughout the various companies of the Legion. It was intended that every Ultramarines company would be individually capable of meeting the enemies of Mankind on any terrain and in any theatre of war with equal ability and emerge victorious, magnifying this power in combination with other chapters almost geometrically. To this end, each chapter featured a proportionate mix of tactical and assault units, armour and artillery as well as gunships and transports.
第十三军团的作战信条偏好战术多样性和压倒性力量的运用，作为这种现象的反映，第十三军团保有相对较少的专业化连队，相反，他们选择将那些拥有大量非标准装备和弹药库存的单位平均分配给军团的各个连队，旨在使每支极限战士连队都能独立地在任何地形与任何战区中以同等的能力与人类之敌交战并取得胜利。将这种力量与其他战团结合起来，（战斗力）几乎以几何级数放大。结果就是每个战团的特点都是将战术和突击部队、装甲部队和炮兵部队以及炮艇和运输车进行了适当的组合。
With the sub-division of the massed ranks of the XIIIth that occurred in the latter years of the Great Crusade, reforming it into more individual Crusade fleets than any other single Legion, the value of the doctrine was quickly re-established and built upon, the Legion attempting to standardise much of its equipment base and supplement it where needed with local patterns, which if not the most potent or advanced of their type required lesser resources to mass produce, in order to optimally meet the ever-expanding needs of its warriors. This factor itself would have great impact on the latter day development of Space Marine forces beyond the wars of the Horus Heresy.
在大远征末期，第十三军团的大规模部队出现了细分，极限战士们被重组成为了比其他任何一个军团都更为独立的远征舰队们（机仆：貌似不屈远征也是这种搞法…），这一战争信条的价值很快被重新确立并建立起来，军团试图将其大部分装备标准化，并在需要时以当地型号进行补充——如果这些当地型号装备不是同类产品中最有力或最先进的，那么他们就是需要较少的资源来批量生产，这是为了最好地满足极限战士们不断扩大的需求。这一因素本身对于星际战士部队的后续发展极为重要，（影响时间和范围）不仅限于荷鲁斯叛乱时期的战争。
While this doctrine of structured adaptability was to become deeply ingrained within many of the Legion's chapters, there were some notable deviations from this pattern. Some few individual chapters, through long held preference or some quirk of supply, maintained notable strengths of nonstandard equipment or personnel. The 4th and 22nd Chapters are the most noteworthy examples of this, with the 4,h, known within the Legion as the Aurorans, operating roughly five times as many armoured vehicles as a standard chapter, while the 22nd, the so-called Nemesis chapter —long a hold-out of its Terran-bom contingents—— maintained large number of Space Marines equipped as destroyer units, and was one of the few Ultramarines formations to routinely be deployed especially to Exterminatus operations by the Legion. Roboute Guilliman was known to hold something of distaste for such horrific weapons as fundamentally selfdefeating; they destroyed the very ground on which they were used, which was to his doctrines a poor way to conquer or liberate a world. But this having been said, Guilliman held no outright ban upon such weapons* use in his Legion as Vulkan did, realising that in certain cases their use was all that would suffice, and strategically he would not let his Legion be without the ability to deploy phosphex, oxygen destroyers and even carbosilic cascades in extremis.
尽管这种已成建制的适应力在军团的许多战团中已经根深蒂固，其中仍然有一些异类存在，譬如某些在装备补给上拥有特别偏好的战团，其中尤以第四和第二十二战团为甚。前者在军团内部拥有“极光”的别称，因其保有接近五倍于标准量的装甲载具而闻名遐迩；而因为泰拉裔成员的坚持始终维持大量毁灭者在编的后者为自己赢得了“复仇女神”的称号，是军团内部极少数经常参与到灭绝令级行动的单位之一。据信基里曼本人对这些恐怖武器颇为厌恶，视其为自掘坟墓的灾厄；因它们会将施用的土地编的寸草不生，对于征服或解放一个世界来说实在是个坏选择。然而，也有些说法指出基里曼并未像伏尔甘那样在军团内部禁用这类武器，毕竟他意识到在极端情况下不能让自己的军团没有些磷化武器，氧气毁灭剂乃至硅碳级联器之类的最终手段。
Alongside the conventional order of battle with which the Ultramarines operated, several unique formations stood wholly apart from the traditional structure. The earliest of these to emerge were the Evocatii chapters, first introduced by Lord Commander Vosotho and later reorganised, expanded and renamed by Roboute Guilliman. The Evocati was the training ground of the Legion; comprising two double-strength chapters composed of both raw recruits from across Ultramar and beyond, as well as a core of war-hardened veterans. Where the late Lord Commander had once blooded these neophyte warriors at the forefront of his campaigns, Guilliman assigned them first to a tour of defensive operations within the borders of Ultramar in conclusion to a rigorous training regime which favoured both practical battle experience and more rigorous and more lengthy cerebral conditioning and memetic implantation than most other Legions undertook.
除开传统的作战序列之外，极限战士也有一些独立于基本机构之外的特有编制。其中最早诞生的乃是后备军战团，这个制度最先是由领主指挥官沃索托采用，而由基里曼进行了再改编，扩展和命名。后备军是整支军团的新血训练场，由从整个奥特拉玛征募来的新兵和作为核心骨干的百战老兵组成两个加强战团。当领主指挥官在后来将那些稚嫩的战士们投入到麾下最血腥的前线时，基里曼则首先让他们参与一系列奥特拉玛疆域内的防御行动，在期间用一整套严格的训练完成实战经验的积累，并以比其他大多数军团更长的周期完成新兵的脑部调节，强化手术和基因种子植入。
A later development, but of equal importance, were the Invictarii; a veteran cadre who served both as a Legion elite and as a pool of warriors who through their actions had singled themselves out for potential future high command, not simply by bravery or skill at arms, but also for displaying a talent in governance, organisation and administration. Their ranks formed the core outside the usual Legion structure devoted in no small part to the control and order of the Ultramarines writ of domain, and increased in number as the Legion itself expanded and the realm of Ultramar with it.
另一个随后显现的重要制度是常胜军，一支同时以军团精英和以实际行动（不仅得真刀真枪的奋勇战斗，还要在管理和组织上表现出色）证明了自己具有指挥官潜力的杰出战士集体之双重身份存在的力量。他们的阶层独立于军团的标准结构之外，进一步强化了极限战士的统治力，且使奥特拉玛的领域更加广阔。
The most famed and potent of these elite sub-fbrmations were the Suzerain Invictarus. These formed the retinues of the five Tetrarchs of Ulrramar, and functioned as both a military force for the defence of that fiefdom, arbiters of law for the population and an honour guard for their commander in battle. The individual forces of these Suzerain Invictarus varied in size, with Tetrarch Amyntas maintaining a force of several thousand as feared peacekeepers in the troubled worlds around lax, while Tetrarch Lamiad had but one hundred in his guard, partly in deference to the Mechanicum warriors who stood in Konors defence and did not need aid in doing so. Outside of the Suzerain forces, members of the Invictarii could also be found in limited numbers spread out through the Legion's veteran units and various sub-stratas of command (although by number only a fraction of all veterans, officers or sergeants ranked amongst them) gaining further battlefield experience and honing their skills by Held command.
在这些分队中最著名又最强大的是那常胜领军，他们是奥特拉玛五位英杰的直属随从，既要以军事力量的角色保卫各自主君的领地，又是当地居民的法律仲裁官，在战时则以他们指挥官侧近的荣誉卫队身份出征。各支常胜领军的规模有大有小，例如统御亚克斯的英杰阿闵塔斯就拥有数千人的可畏保卫者以镇守周围多发纷争的世界，而英杰拉米亚德只有一百左右的领军护卫，主要还是因为大部分的防御工作可以交给康诺的机械神教战士。除开领军部队外，在军团的老兵单位和指挥组中也能看到有限数量的常胜军，尽管只占到了所有老兵，军士和军官中的很少部分。
Though rarely spoken of there eXIsted another agency of the XIIIth Legion at work within the borders of Ultramar. The Vigil Opertii, an organisation whose roots stretch back to the early days of Ultramafs founding, operating as a shadow arm of the military government of Ultramar, silencing those threats uncovered within the Five Hundred Worlds and holding custodianship over the various defence militias of its standing human armies. Little is recorded of their internal organisation, save that the warriors who made up their forces were at their core a body of augmented humans—those aspirants whose minor deficiencies of mind or body barred them from joining the ranks of the XlII,h Legion, but not from service. This organisation reported to the Invictarus and went where a superhuman Legiones Astartes could not go covertly or easily, and in its manner may have been patterned at least in some part on the similar operatives of certain other Legions of more insidious mien, although with an assuredly ironclad code of conduct set for their operations.
虽说少有提起，在奥特拉玛疆域内还存在着一支第十三军团的部门，一个名为“守夜人”的组织。其起源可以追溯到奥特拉玛的早年岁月，以奥特拉玛军事政府的影子武装行动，负责悄悄处理掉五百世界内暴露的那些威胁，并且暗中监视诸多防卫部队。关于其内部组成的情报非常罕见，只知道其作战力量由强化人类组成，兵源来自于因为先天身体和身心缺陷未能成为星际战士的那些上进者，通过这种方式为第十三军团继续效力。这个组织直接向常胜军报告，通常会在超人战士们不便出马时展开隐秘行动，其行为可能让人联想起其他某些军团或者更险恶的事物，但他们是有着自己的行动铁则的。
Legion Command Hierarchy The XIII,h Legion operated under a strict hierarchy where each warrior's responsibilities and duties were known at all times. Roboute Guilliman had overall command of the Legion, deciding its disposition and strategic objectives, as well as taking command of whichever fleet or war zone he was present in. Beneath the Primarch were the chapter masters, each of whom led approXImately ioqoo warriors and a contingent of Ultramar's void fleet. Assisting them were the cadre of senior officers and commanders, the Legatii. Each chapter of the Legion contained ten companies each in turn of iqoo Legiones Astartes commanded by a captain, who was responsible for the tactical deployment, efficiency and training of his warriors.
第十三军团在相当严格的等级制度下运作，每个战士的职务和责任都一清二楚。罗伯特·基里曼是军团的最高长官，决定其如何部署，确定战略目标，以及指挥任何一支他在场的部队或舰队。在原体之下是战团长们，各自统领一万左右的军团战士和一支奥特拉玛分舰队，名为副帅的高级军官和指挥官们组成了辅佐他们的骨干。每个战团包含有十个千人连队，指挥它们的连长要负责战术部署，战果评估和训练手下的战士。
Some few chapters retained and employed variations of the older XI" Legion's sub-structures and heraldry, marking achievements of the Terran first generation of the 'War-bom* or the disparate origins of their warriors, but these had faded somewhat over the years as the body of the Legions demographic changed to favour the sons of Ultramar. By the closing decades of the Great Crusade all, regardless of origin, followed the same detailed organisational scheme, with only minor variations allowing for personal heraldry and honours among its highest echelons. All twenty-five chapters of the Legion —a vast notional strength of around 250,000 Legionaries by the time of the Horus Heresy— comprised then a single cohesive force with a fully integrated command structure, and were capable of seamlessly forming together for grand strategic assaults or operating flawlessly in smaller detachments to carry out individual actions under this fleXIble arrangement.
有些战团顽固地坚持采用军团以前的编制机构和从第一代泰拉裔战士征战起的纹章和标记，但它们最终还是在军团逐渐奥特拉玛化的过程中逐渐消逝了。伴随着大远征的数十年征程，无论出身何处，战团们最终都采用了同一套组织体系，只在各自的最高阶层保有一些特有的荣誉标志。当荷鲁斯叛乱爆发时，组成极限战士麾下二十五万军团战士的二十五个战团凝聚成了一股拥有完全统合之指挥体系的大军，足以无缝协同地一起执行大规模战略行动或者在此种灵活框架下各自展开去完成小规模军事行动。
While the captains and chapter masters of the XIII,h Legion governed the crusading armies of the Legion, it was the parallel system of tetrarchs and their own legatii who governed the many military institutions of the realm of Ultramar and were entrusted with its defence. Each tetrarch was a military dictator of one of the five ,king worlds' of Ultramar, and ruled over a sub-sector of that realm. The tetrarchs were appointed by the Primarch, who was himself Master of Macragge and the core worlds of Ultramar — though his duties as governor of these worlds often fell on his seneschal in practice, while he led the armies of the Emperors Imperium on crusade.
尽管执掌着第十三军团远征部队的是那些连长和战团长，由英杰和副帅们组成的执政官们才是真正治理和保卫着奥特拉玛诸多星球的平级体系。每位英杰各是五百世界中一个“王国世界”的军事独裁者，同时也统率着各自的那片次星区封邑。英杰们均由原体本人，马库拉格和五百世界核心疆域之主任命，虽说他作为执政长官的职责通常会因为亲自领军远征而落在他的总管身上。
The legatii were a special division who held rank equivalent to a praetor of the Legion by the Terran pattern. They served as the commanders of the Legiones Astanes armies stationed within Ultramar itself and of particular specialised units and detachments outside of the legion*s regular order of battle. A panicular legatus, sometimes known as a fief-commander, was also assigned to lead each of the tetrarch's retinues of the Suzerain Invictarus, a position of high honour. Overall command of the twin chapters of the Evocati and the war world of Armatura also fell to a legatus, charged with maintaining a steady flow of recruits for the crusading chapters of the Legion, while another was placed at the head of the Vigil Opertii, and charged with overseeing civil order, a position of much influence and dark renown within the realm of Ultramar.
副帅这个词在泰拉语中属于一个特别的编制，其权限和军团执政官等同。他们是驻守在奥特拉玛本地的阿斯塔特军团战士的指挥官，通常手下还包含有独立于军团序列外的一些特殊部队。其中一名最特别的副帅又被称作禁卫军长官，他要负责统领英杰手下的所有常胜领军，可见这是个蕴含崇高荣誉的位置。战争世界阿玛特拉兼其上两个战团的最高长官之责也落到了一名副帅头上，他要保证对军团兵源的稳定补充；还有一名副帅则负责领导守夜人们，负责监督社会秩序，是奥特拉玛内影响力和暗黑声望兼具的职务。
The Ultramarines Fleet
极限战士舰队
In contrast to the vast numbers of Space Marines in the Ultramarines Legion, the naval assets of Ultramar were more limited. Historically, Roboute Guilliman had made a vinue of close alliance with the Imperialis Armada fleets of the Ultima Segmentum, and relied upon them closely when a particular campaign called for a powerful capital ship contingent to be employed or extensive orbital bombardments to be undertaken. The Primarch himself was known to have observed that his warriors were intended to excel in spheres of combat other than the impersonal long range clash of star ships many kilometres apart in the deep void, and greatly favoured his own Legion fleet to be optimised for close assault and maintained ships designed for invasion operations for this reason.
相比于军团内超多的军团战士，奥特拉玛的舰队相对更有限一些。据史料记载，罗伯特·基里曼和极限星域的帝国舰队保持着非常紧密的关系，若是需要强大的主力舰出马或是要展开大规模轨道轰炸时就往往得依靠他的盟友。为人所知的是，原体观察到了他的战士在面对面的厮杀中表现远比虚空中在长远距离上驾驭战舰的表现要好，因此他更喜欢让自己军团直属的舰队参与到近距离突击行动中去，也正是因此保有着大量为行星入侵行动设计的船只。
As a result, the Legion had never operated large numbers of the heaviest capital ships, retaining less than 30-35 of such craft at various points, having lost several in battle over time, notably the Legion's first flagship among them during the disaster at the Osiris Cluster. Of those heavy capital ships which remained, most had served since the Legion's inception at the beginning of the Great Crusade and had been heavily refitted over time. Only a handful of the newer models of heavy capital ships had been assigned to them since the Primarch Roboute Guillimans command tenure had begun, although of these notably two were of the extremely powerful Gloriana class.
作为结果，军团从未保有大量最重型的主力战舰，在不同的时间段数量从３０到３５艘上下波动，还在经年战斗中损失了几艘，包括于欧西里斯星群中丢掉的军团首艘旗舰。至于那些幸存下来的，大多随着军团的建立加入了大远征并在期间进行了大改。自罗伯特·基里曼执掌军团一来只有很少几艘重型主力舰加入序列，虽说其中有两艘是极其强悍的荣光女王级战列舰。
The main body of the Legions void craft fleet was then made up of mid-scaled cruisers and smaller battle barges of various classes, along with substantial numbers of lighter pattern puqx)se-built strike cruisers, frigates and fast patrol cutters, all which could be produced by the shipyards of worlds across Ultramar. Although this fleet structure did allow the Legion a great deal of fleXIbility and range in how it deployed its many Space Marine chapters, its combined overall tonnage and firepower ranked the Ultramarines fleet in the mid-tier of the Legions, considerably behind the Imperial Fists, for example, in terms of tonnage and destructive power, and behind the Death Guard in terms of number of heavy capital units.
从那时开始，军团的舰队组成主要是中型巡洋舰和较小的战斗驳船，以及大量为特殊用途制造的突击巡洋舰，护卫舰和掠袭快船，均可以在奥特拉玛内的船坞完成制造装配。尽管这种灵活的舰队组成使得军团在部署其大量军团战士上握有速度和距离的优势，其总吨位和火力要逊于同样浩大的帝皇之拳舰队，而若论重型主力舰的数量也得排在死亡守卫后面。
War Disposition
战争配置
Prior to the orders to assemble on Calth for the Ghaslakh Crusade, the majority of the XIIIth Legion had been distributed across the southern and eastern sectors of the galaxy in numerous crusade fleets. Of these, Guilliman recalled fully twenty chapters to Calth, with fourteen of them rendezvousing at Saturn in the Sol System to take on supplies before making the onward voyage. This meant that somewhere in the region of 200,000 Legiones Astartes —alongside uncounted auXIliaries— were deployed to Calth. Such was the death toll at Calth during the atrocity, that while exact figures are impossible to obtain, it is estimated that no more than 40,000 Ultramarines were to escape Calth's system in the aftermath of the fighting, many of whom were casualties, with an indefinable number trapped beneath the surface of that ruined and radiation-wracked world.
在收到前往考斯进行集结，为Ghaslakh远征做准备的命令之前，第十三军团的主力已经被分散为多支远征舰队，遍布银河系的东部和南部区域。在这些部队当中，基里曼将整整二十个战团召回到考斯，在继续航行之前，其中的十四个战团会在太阳系的土星会合以接受补给。这就意味着大概有20万军团阿斯塔特——以及无数的辅助军——被部署到了考斯。这就是考斯暴行期间考斯世界上的死亡人数，虽然不可能获得确切的数字，但据估计，只有不超过4万名极限战士在考斯会战之后逃离了考斯星系，而且其中很多都是伤员，另外，还有数量无法确定的极限战士被困在考斯——这个被毁灭而且受到了辐射破坏的世界的地表之下。
Of those chapters that were not recalled for the Ghaslakh Crusade, the following details are known. The 7th Chapter was embarked on a costly campaign sweeping the Eastern Fringe of a splintered Khrave infestation that threatened to overwhelm Imperial colonies established in the area and could not be spared for the muster, while the 10th was scattered across the north-eastern limits of Imperial expansion and was simply too far away to have been considered for recall. The 24th and 25th Chapters, elements of the Evocatii, alongside the 19th Chapter, were dispersed across the most important worlds of Ultramar to remain as Guilliman led the bulk of his Legion to war, unaware of the coming storm that was to follow, but spared at least initially from its ravages.
对于于那些没有被召回到考斯参加Ghaslakh远征的战团，我们知道以下细节：第七战团展开了一场代价高昂的战役来清除东部边境四分五裂的卡拉沃异形种族侵扰，卡拉沃的侵扰对帝国在该地区的殖民地存在压倒性的威胁，所以该战团未前往考斯进行集结；第十战团散布在帝国扩张的东北边界，他们距离考斯太远，以至于不能考虑召回他们；第二十四和二十五战团由副帅统领，当基里曼率领大部分军团兵力外出征战时，他们和第十九战团一起被散布在奥特拉玛最重要的世界上保护与稳定后方，他们没有意识到即将到来的考斯暴行（机仆：hh5书名为tempest，暴风雨，讲述考斯战役。在此处storm应该是考斯暴行，而非之后的亚空间风暴），但至少在最初免受其蹂躏。
Alongside a great many bonded ships of the Imperialis Armada, and hundreds of military and Mechanicum transport vessels, the bulk of the Ultramarines fleet was at Calth for the muster, and caught ill-prepared for the Traitors' attack and suffered savagely for it. Many of the Ultramarines capital and cruiser class craft were hammered into burning hulks, were simply missing or were sorely damaged and in need of repair. This state of affairs left the Legion, and Ultramar, dependent primarily on smaller craft for their defence and strategic transport, and military ship building became a priority for those worlds which were left able to do so. Guilliman sought to improve his position by adding to his few remaining heavy warships (a handful had not been present at the muster and so were spared the ambush), with additional warships appropriated from the Imperialis Armada if they were available and modified for Space Marine use, and where possible made capturing enemy warships by boarding action a priority. The rapidity and efficiency with which this was done was nothing short of phenomenal and would have great import on the battles to come.
大部分极限战士舰队在考斯集结，陪同她们的还有大量与极限战士军团签有契约的帝国海军战舰，以及数以百计的军用和机械神教运输舰，他们没有对叛军的进攻做好充足的准备，因此损失惨重。许多极限战士军团的主力舰和巡洋舰被摧毁，她们或者化为燃烧的废船，或者简单得失踪，或者受损严重，需要维修。这种状况导致军团和奥特拉玛主要依靠较小的船只进行防御和战略运输，对于那些仍然有能力建造星舰的世界来说，建造军用舰船成为首要任务。基里曼试图通过增加他仅存的少量重型战舰来改善状况(少数重型战舰没有出现在集结点，因此免受伏击)，而且他还从帝国海军调拨了更多战舰——只要她们能够为星际战士所用，或者是经过改造后能够为星际战士所用。同时在可能的情况下，极限战士们会优先考虑通过跳帮行动来俘获敌方战舰。这些做法的速度和效率非凡，而且在以后的战斗中将具有重要意义。
