【初中句子分析】形式主语it

It makes them feel good to share things with others.
与他人分享东西使他们感觉很好。
这个是牛津译林版九年级上册第6页的课文。
在这个句子中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语“to share things with others”。在英语中,不定式或不定式短语作主语时,可以直接位于句首。这句话本来应该是“To share things with others makes them feel good.”但是英语中动词不定式短语“to share things with others”做主语放在句首,给你一种头重脚轻的感觉,外国人很忌讳头重脚轻的,所以为了解决这个问题,外国人选择了形式主语“it”代替这个动词不定式放在句首,(为什么用It而不用别的单词呢,我猜呢,人都是很懒的,外国人也不例外,所以外国人选了一个最短的代词)动词不定式放在最后面,这样整个句子就变成了:“It makes them feel good to share things with others.”
以前我们也学过类似的句式:
(1)It + is/was + adj./n. (形容词或名词) +to do sth.
It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法。
It’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。
(2)It + v. + to do sth.
It took us three years to complete the project. 我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。
It sounds reasonable to do it this way.听起来这样做有道理。
注意:
(1)单个动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数
To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。
(2)如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式作主语,且并列的不定式语义一致或基本一致时,谓语动词用单数;如果不一致,谓语动词用复数
To love and to be loved is sweet to us.爱与被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。
[巩固练习]
1.对每个人来说,对所有事情三思而后行是很有必要的。
答案:1.It’s necessary for everyone to think twice about everything.
[经典例题]
In fact________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
答案:D