猫听源性反射性抽搐发作丨Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures (FARS)
Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures (FARS)
猫听源性反射性抽搐发作
By Melissa Boldan, DVM on Nov. 8, 2022
IN THIS ARTICLE 目录
Summary 总结
Symptoms 症状
Causes 病因
Diagnosis 诊断
Treatment 治疗
Recovery and Management 恢复和管理
What Are Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures?
什么是猫听源性反射性抽搐发作？
Feline audiogenic reflex seizures (FARS) are a medical condition where loud sounds can trigger seizures in cats. FARS is more common in senior cats, with the average patient being 15 years old when diagnosed. It is also a genetic disorder in the Birman cat breed.
猫的听源性反射性抽搐发作(FARS)是一种医学疾病，大声的声音会引发猫的抽搐发作。
FARS在老年猫中更为常见，确诊时病患的平均年龄为15岁。
这也是伯曼猫（Birman cat）的一种基因性疾病。
There are three types of FARS seizures:
FARS抽搐发作有三种类型:
Myoclonic Seizure: This is the most common type and is considered one of the hallmark clinical signs. Myoclonic seizures look like muscle spasms or jerking, and usually last only a few seconds. Cats experiencing this type of seizure look like they are conscious, but they have muscle twitches across their body.
肌阵挛性抽搐发作（Myoclonic Seizure）
这是最常见的类型，被认为是标志性的临床症状之一。
肌阵挛性抽搐发作看起来像肌肉痉挛或抽搐，通常只持续数秒钟。
经历这种抽搐发作的猫看起来是有意识的，但它们全身都有肌肉抽搐。
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure (GTCS): This is what most people think of when they hear the word “seizure.” When a cat has GTCS, they fall over on their side, paddle their feet, shake, chomp their jaw, possibly lose control of their bladder or bowels, and are not mentally aware. Usually, these episodes last a couple of minutes. Cats are confused and disoriented for a few minutes afterward.
全身性强直阵挛性发作（Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure GTCS）
这是大多数人听到“抽搐发作 seizure ”这个词时联想到的表现。
当猫出现GTCS时，它们会一侧躺倒，四肢拍打状/划水状，颤抖，下巴咀嚼，可能会失去对膀胱或肠道的控制，并且没有精神上的意识表现。
通常，这些症状会持续几分钟。
几分钟之后，猫会感到困惑和迷失方向。
Absence Seizure: Commonly called a petit mal seizure, an absence seizure is a subtle seizure where the patient seems to be briefly unaware. This type of seizure is more commonly described in humans because it is more obvious. A person may be sitting and talking to you one minute, and the next minute they are not responsive to questions. In pets, an absence seizure can be difficult to recognize, but it looks like the animal has lost awareness for a short period of time.
失神性发作（Absence Seizure）
通常被称为癫痫小发作（petit mal seizure），失神性发作是一种轻微的发作，病患似乎暂时没有意识到（刚才有发作）。
这种类型的抽出发作在人类中更常见，因为它更明显。
人可能前一分钟还坐着和你说话，下一分钟就突然不回答问题了。
对于宠物来说，失神发作很难识别，但看起来动物已经在短时间内失去了意识。
FARS is not commonly diagnosed in cats. It is believed to have a genetic link and may be triggered by hearing loss. As a senior cat loses their hearing, first they lose the ability to hear lower tones. High-pitched and loud sounds are the last to go. Cats with FARS are startled by these loud sounds, and that can trigger a seizure.
FARS在猫身上并不常见。
它被认为与基因有关，可能由听力丧失引发。
当一只老年猫失去听力时，首先它们失去了听到较低音调的能力。
高音调和洪亮的声响是最后失去的。
有FARS的猫会被这些响亮的声音吓到，随之可能诱发抽搐发作。
When a cat is diagnosed with a seizure disorder, it may not be possible to eliminate their seizures altogether. Managing seizures by reducing their frequency and severity might be the only option.
当一只猫被诊断患有抽搐发作性疾病时，不太可能完全消除它们的抽搐发作。
通过减少抽搐发作频率和严重程度来控制抽搐发作可能是唯一的（合理的）选择。
A seizure is considered a medical emergency when it lasts more than 5 minutes, or if your cat has a cluster of seizures (more than three seizures in 24 hours). If your cat is having a protracted (prolonged) seizure or is clustering, they need to be taken to an emergency veterinarian as soon as possible.
当抽搐发作持续超过5分钟，或者如果你的猫猫有一系列抽搐发作（24小时内超过三次抽搐发作），就被认为是医疗急诊情况。
如果你的猫猫有长时间的抽搐发作或丛集性抽搐发作（24小时内多次抽搐发作），那么它们需要尽快被带到急诊兽医那里（进行控制）。
Clinical Signs of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
猫听源性反射性抽搐发作的临床症状
The following are general signs of various types of seizures, but they are considered clinical signs of FARS after exposure to a high-frequency sound:
以下是各种类型抽搐发作的一般症状，
但它们被认为是暴露于高频声音后的FARS的临床症状:
Muscle twitches, spasms, or jerks
肌肉震颤，痉挛，或抽动
Loss of awareness
失去意识
Stiffening up and falling over
僵硬和跌倒
Leg paddling or kicking while on side
侧躺时，肢体划水或踢腿
Jaw chomping/chewing
下颌咀嚼
Hypersalivation
过度流涎
Loss of control of bladder or bowels
失去膀胱或肠道的控制
Causes of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
猫听源性反射性抽搐发作的病因
FARS seizures are triggered by interrupted, high-frequency sounds. Researchers who characterized this syndrome linked the following sounds to onset of seizures:
FARS发作是由中断的高频声音引发的。
描述这种综合征的研究人员将以下声音与抽搐发作联系起来:
Crinkling tin foil, plastic, or paper bags
皱褶锡纸、塑料或纸袋的声音
Dropping metal spoon into ceramic bowl
金属勺子掉进陶瓷碗里的声音
Chinking or tapping of glass
玻璃的叮当声或敲击声
Tapping on computer keyboard
敲击电脑键盘的声音
Clicking on computer mouse
点击电脑鼠标的声音
Computer printers
电脑打印机的声音
Clinking of keys or coins
钥匙或硬币的叮当声
Hammering nails
钉钉子的声音
Clacking together of wooden blocks
木块的撞击咔嗒声
Splitting firewood
劈木柴的声音
Clicking tongue
舌头发出的敲打声
Texting ding
短信叮当声
Mobile phone ring
移动电话铃声
Alarms
闹钟声
Clicking of gas burner while igniting
点火时燃气点燃器的咔嗒声
Running water
流动的水声
Dog scratching
狗狗抓挠的声音
Jingling metal dog tags
叮当作响的金属狗牌声
Walking on wooden floors with bare feet or squeaky shoes
光着脚走在木地板上，或者穿着吱吱作响的鞋子
Children’s screams or peals of laughter
孩子们的尖叫或笑声
The most common sounds to cause seizures are tin foil crinkling, dropping a metal spoon into a ceramic bowl, and tapping or chinking of glass.
引起抽搐发作的最常见的声音是锡纸卷曲的声音，金属勺子掉进陶瓷碗里的声音，以及玻璃的敲击声或丁当声。
Why Do Sharp Sounds Lead to Seizures in Cats?
为什么尖锐的声音会导致猫抽搐发作?
Researchers have found that more than half of cats that have FARS are either deaf or have some hearing loss. When hearing loss occurs, low-toned sounds are lost before high-pitched ones.
研究人员发现，
超过一半患有FARS的猫要么耳聋，
要么有一定程度的听力损失。
当听力丧失时，
低音调的声音比高音调的声音先听不到。
The high-pitched sounds break through the quiet in the hearing-impaired cat and startle them. This causes a reflex seizure. Reflex seizures are triggered by specific environmental stimuli, in this case, a startling noise.
高音调的声音打破了这些听障猫猫的安静，吓了它们一跳。
这会引起反射性抽搐发作。
反射性抽搐发作是由特定的环境刺激引发的，
在这种疾病，
这个环境刺激就是一种令其惊吓的噪音。
How Veterinarians Diagnose Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
兽医如何诊断猫的听源性反射癫痫
To determine if your cat has FARS, your veterinarian will ask you about your cat’s history of possible seizures. They will want to know exactly what behaviors your cat displayed when they had the episode, and might ask these questions:
为了确定你的猫猫是否患有FARS，你的兽医会询问你的猫猫可能抽搐发作的病史。
他们会想知道你的猫猫在发病时到底表现出了什么行为，可能会问这些问题:
Did they fall over on their side, paddle their legs, and chomp their jaws?
Did they have muscle twitches?
Did they lose control of their bladder?
How long did the episode last?
Did you notice anything different right before the episode started?
它们是否侧躺倒在地上，四肢划水，咀嚼下巴?
它们有肌肉抽搐吗?
它们的膀胱失控了吗?（它们有异常排尿吗？）
这一次发作持续了多长时间?
在发作开始之前，你注意到有什么异常吗?
If your pet is having seizure episodes, it is recommended that you start keeping a journal and include as much information as possible about the seizures. If you notice any patterns or specific stimuli that seem to trigger your cat, share those with your veterinarian so they can determine if it is FARS or spontaneous seizures.
如果你的宠物有偶发性抽搐发作，
建议你开始做记录，
包括尽可能多的关于抽搐发作的信息。
如果你注意到任何模式或特定的刺激似乎会触发你的猫猫抽搐发作，
与你的兽医分享这些信息，
这样他们就可以确定这是FARS还是自发性抽搐发作。
After a thorough history, your veterinarian will perform a physical exam. They may run bloodwork or do an x-ray or CT scan to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
在详细了解病史后，
你的兽医会给猫猫做一次身体检查。
他们可能会做血液检查或X光或CT扫描，
以排除任何潜在的医疗疾病。
It is helpful if you can provide your veterinarian with a video of your cat when they are having an episode. This will help them diagnose the type of seizure your cat is experiencing. Your veterinarian may recommend that you see a veterinary neurologist for advanced diagnostics.
如果你能给你的兽医提供一段你的猫猫在发作时的视频，
这是很有帮助的。
这将有助于他们诊断你的猫猫当时正在经历的抽搐发作的类型。
你的兽医可能会建议你去看兽医神经科医生进行进一步诊断。
Treatment of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
猫听源性反射性抽搐发作的治疗
FARS disorder is treated with prescription medication to reduce the severity and likelihood of seizures. Levetiracetam (Keppra) is a drug that demonstrates good control of both the myoclonic and the generalized tonic-clonic types of seizures.
FARS病需要使用处方药治疗，以降低抽搐发作的严重程度和可能性。
左乙拉西坦(Keppra)是一种对肌阵挛型和全身性强直-阵挛型抽搐发作均有良好控制的药物。
Avoiding or minimizing the seizure-triggering noises can also be helpful in reducing the frequency of episodes.
避免或尽量减少引起抽搐发作的噪音也有助于减少发作的频率。
Recovery and Management of Feline Audiogenic Reflex Seizures
猫听源性反射性抽搐发作的恢复与治疗
FARS is not curable, but cats may find some relief from frequency of seizure episodes with medical management. All treatment is geared toward management and keeping your cat comfortable and having less seizures.
FARS是无法治愈的，
但猫可能会发现一些缓解癫痫发作的频率与医疗管理。
所有的治疗都是为了管理和保持你的猫舒适和减少抽搐发作。
FARS is a condition that affects senior cats and is a genetic disorder in the Birman cat breed. Because most cats diagnosed with FARS are senior cats, they may also have concurrent diseases that come with age. Prognosis is good for seizure control itself, but most cats diagnosed with FARS typically have additional underlying diseases or are seniors, and therefore they may not live much longer for reasons unrelated to the FARS diagnosis.
FARS是一种影响老年猫的疾病，
是伯曼猫品种的一种基因性疾病。
因为大多数被诊断患有FARS的猫都是老年猫，
它们也可能患有随着年龄增长而并发的疾病。
抽搐发作控制本身的预后良好，
但大多数被诊断为FARS的猫通常有其他潜在疾病或老年动物，
因此它们可能会因为与FARS诊断无关的其他病因寿命缩短。
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