词根15：mis；pel；put；log；terr

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71『MIS』

MIS comes from the Latin vert mittere, "to send." A missile is something sent speeding through the air or water. And when your class is dismissed at the end of the day, you're sent home.

MIS来自拉丁语vert mittere，意思是“发送”。导弹是在空中或水中快速发射的东西。当你的课堂在一天结束时被宣告解散，你就可以回家了。

mission   /ˈmɪʃn/

n.使命;使团;官方使命;使团的使命;代表团;执行任务的地点;(尤指在海外的)传教;布道;布道团;布道所;军事行动;太空飞行任务;任务，旅行

vi.作艰苦的长途旅行(尤指去许多地方)

(1) A task that someone is given to do, especially a military task. (2) A task that someone considers an important duty.

(1) 某人被赋予的任务，尤指军事任务。(2) 被认为是一项重要职责的任务。

She considers it her mission to prevent unwanted puppies and kittens from being born.

她认为防止小狗和小猫的意外出生是她的使命。

Your own mission in life can be anything you pursue with almost religious enthusiasm. People with a mission—whether it's stopping drunk driving, keeping the town's public areas clean, increasing local recycling, or building a community center—very often succeed in really changing things.

你自己的人生使命可以是你以近乎宗教的热情追求的任何东西。无论是制止酒后驾车、保持城镇公共区域清洁、增加当地回收利用，还是建设社区中心，肩负使命的人往往能成功地真正改变现状。

missionary   /ˈmɪʃəneri/

n.传教士

adj.传教(士)的

A person undertaking a mission, and especially a religious missionary.

承担使命的人，尤指宗教传教士。

North American missionaries have been working in Central America for decades, and you can find their churches in even the most remote jungle regions.

北美传教士在中美洲工作了几十年，即使在最偏远的丛林地区也能找到他们的教堂。

Beginning around 1540, an order of Catholic priests known as the Jesuits began to send its members to many parts of the world to convert peoples who believed in other gods to Christianity. Wherever they went, the Catholic missionaries built central buildings for their religious work, and the buildings themselves became known as missions; many 17th-century missions in the American West and Southwest are now preserved as museums. Their foes, the Protestants, soon began sending out their own missionaries, and today Protestant missionaries are probably far more numerous.

从1540年左右开始，一个被称为耶稣会士的天主教牧师会开始派遣其成员前往世界许多地方，让信仰其他神的人皈依基督教。无论他们走到哪里，天主教传教士都会为他们的宗教工作建造中心建筑，这些建筑本身也被称为使团；许多17世纪在美国西部和西南部的使团现在都被保存为博物馆。他们的敌人新教徒很快就开始派遣自己的传教士，而今天的新教徒传教士可能要多得多。

emissary   /ˈemɪseri/

n.使者;特使;密使

adj.密使的;间谍的

Someone sent out to represent another; an agent.

被派去代表另一个人的人；代理人。

Now in his 70s, he had served over many years as a presidential emissary to many troubled regions of the world.

现年70多岁的他曾担任总统特使多年，前往世界上许多动乱地区。

Like missionaries, emissaries are sent on missions. However, emissaries are more likely to be representing governments, political leaders, and nonreligious institutions, and an emissary's mission is usually to negotiate or to gather information. So a president may send a trusted emissary to a war-torn region to discuss peace terms. A company's CEO may send an emissary to check out another company that they may be thinking of buying. And a politician may send out an emissary to persuade a wealthy individual to become a supporter.

如同传教士，使者被派遣以执行任务。然而，特使更有可能代表政府、政治领导人和非宗教机构，而特使的任务通常是谈判或收集信息。因此，总统可能会派遣一位值得信赖的特使前往饱受战争蹂躏的地区讨论和平条款。一家公司的首席执行官可能会派一名特使去检查他们可能正在考虑收购的另一家公司。政治家可能会派出一名使者，说服一个富有的人成为支持者。

transmission   /trænzˈmɪʃn/

n.传输;传递;传送;传达;传染;(电子信号、信息或广播、电视节目的)播送;发射;发送;(电台或电视信息)广播;(车辆的)传动装置，变速器

(1) The act or process of sending something from one point to another, especially sending electrical signals to a radio, television, computer, etc. (2) The gears by which the power is passed from the engine to the axle in a motor vehicle.

(1) 将某物从一个点发送到另一个点的行为或过程，尤指将电信号发送到无线电、电视、计算机等。(2)汽车中将动力从发动机传递到车轴的齿轮。

Even in the Middle Ages, transmission of news of a ruler's death across the Asian continent could be accomplished by sun reflectors within 24 hours.

即使在中世纪，统治者去世的消息也可以在24小时内通过太阳反射器在亚洲大陆传播。

Since trans- means "across", it's not hard to see the meaning of transmission. Disease transmission occurs when an infection passes from one living thing to another. TV signal transmission can be interrupted by tree leaves, including moving leaves and branches during a storm. Your car's transmission transmits the engine's power to the axle, changing the gears to keep the engine working with maximum efficiency at various speeds.

由于trans的意思是“跨越”，所以不难看出传播的含义。当感染从一种生物传播到另一种生物时，就会发生疾病传播。电视信号传输可能会被树叶中断，包括风暴期间移动的树叶和树枝。汽车的变速器将发动机的动力传输到车轴，改变档位以使发动机在不同速度下以最大效率工作。

72『PEL』

PEL comes from the Latin verb pellere, meaning "to move or drive." So a propeller moves a small airplane forward. And if you dispel someone's fears, you "drive them away."

PEL来自拉丁语动词pellere，意思是“移动或驾驶”。因此螺旋桨推动小型飞机向前移动。你消除了某人的恐惧，即“赶走恐惧”。

compel   /kəmˈpel/

vt.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应)

(1) To force (someone) to do something. (2) To make (something) happen.

(1) 强迫(某人)做某事。(2) 使(某事)发生。

After returning from the lecture, they felt compelled to contribute to one of the refugee relief agencies.

讲座结束后，他们觉得有必要为一家难民救济机构捐款。

The prefix com- acts as a strengthener in this word; thus, to compel is to drive powerfully, or force. So you may feel compelled to speak to a friend about his drinking, or compelled to reveal a secret in order to prevent something from happening. A compulsion is usually a powerful inner urge; a compulsive shopper or a compulsive gambler usually can't hold onto money for long. You might not want to do something unless there's a compelling reason; however, a compelling film is simply one that seems serious and important.

前缀com-在这个词中起到了加强的作用；因此，强迫就是有力地推动，或者说迫使。因此，你可能会觉得不得不和朋友谈论他的饮酒情况，或者为了防止事情发生而不得不透露秘密。强迫通常是一种强大的内心冲动；强迫性购物者或强迫性赌徒通常无法长期持有金钱。除非有令人信服的理由，否则你可能不想做某事；然而，一部引人注目的电影只是一部看起来严肃而重要的电影。

expel   /ɪkˈspel/

vt.驱逐;排出;驱逐出境;把…开除(或除名);喷出

(1) To drive or force out. (2) To force to leave, usually by official action.

(1) 驱逐或强行驱逐。(2) 迫使离开，通常通过官方行动。

For repeatedly ignoring important agreements over several years, the two countries were eventually expelled from the trade organization.

由于多年来一再无视重要协议，这两个国家最终被逐出了贸易组织。

To expel is to drive out, and its usual noun is expulsion. Expel is similar to eject, but expel suggests pushing out while eject suggests throwing out. Also, ejecting may only be temporary: the player ejected from a game may be back tomorrow, but the student expelled from school is probably out forever.

驱逐就是驱逐出去，它通常的名词是驱逐。驱逐类似于弹射，但驱逐意味着推出，而弹射意味着抛出。此外，被除名可能只是暂时的：被除名的玩家明天可能会回来，但被开除的学生可能会永远离开。

impel   /ɪmˈpel/

vt.促使;驱策;迫使

To urge or drive forward by strong moral force.

通过强大的道德力量推动或前进。

As the meeting wore on without any real progress being made, she felt impelled to stand and speak.

随着会议的进行，没有取得任何真正的进展，她觉得有必要站起来发言。

Impel is very similar in meaning to compel, and often a perfect synonym, though it tends to suggest even more strongly an inner drive to do something and a greater urgency to act, especially for moral reasons. But when impel takes its noun and adjective forms, it changes slightly. So an impulse—such as "impulse buying," when you suddenly see something cool and know you've got to have it—often isn't based on anything very serious. And impulsive behavior in general, such as blurting out something stupid on the spur of the moment, is the kind of thing you're supposed to get over when you grow up.

Impel在意思上与强迫非常相似，通常是一个完美的同义词，尽管它往往更强烈地暗示着做某事的内在动力和更大的行动紧迫性，尤其是出于道德原因。但当“冲动”采用名词和形容词形式时，它会略有变化。因此，像“冲动购买”这样的冲动，当你突然看到一些很酷的东西，并且知道你必须拥有它时，通常并不是基于任何非常严重的事情。一般来说，冲动的行为，比如一时冲动脱口而出一些愚蠢的话，是你长大后应该克服的事情。

repel   /rɪˈpel/

v.击退;驱逐;推开;赶走;驱除;使恐惧;使厌恶;排斥

(1) To keep (something) out or away. (2) To drive back.

(1) 把(某物)挡在外面或远离。(2) 开车回去。

Her son, knowing how she was repelled by rats and snakes, had started keeping them in his bedroom.

她的儿子知道她是如何被恐惧老鼠和蛇的，于是开始把它们放在卧室里。

Since re- can mean not just "again" but also "back", repel means "drive back." Repel has two common adjective forms; thus, a repellent or repulsive odor may drive us into the other room. Its main noun form is repulsion. Magnets exhibit both attraction and repulsion, and the goal of an armed defense is the repulsion of an enemy; but we generally use repulsion to mean "strong dislike." In recent years, repulse has been increasingly used as a synonym for repel ("That guy repulses me”).

由于re-不仅可以表示“再次”，还可以表示“回来”，所以reject的意思是“赶回”。repel有两种常见的形容词形式；因此，一种令人厌恶或厌恶的气味可能会驱使我们进入另一个房间。它的主要名词形式是排斥。磁铁同时表现出吸引力和排斥力，武装防御的目标是击退敌人；但我们通常用排斥来表示“强烈的厌恶”。近年来，排斥越来越多地被用作排斥的同义词(“那个家伙排斥我”)。

73『PUT』

PUT comes from the Latin verb putare, meaning"to think, consider, or believe." So, for example, a reputation is what others think of you. But when the root shows up in such words as compute, dispute, and deputy, its meaning is harder to trace.

PUT来自拉丁语动词putare，意思是“思考、考虑或相信”。例如，声誉就是别人对你的看法。但当词根出现在计算、争议和代理等词中时，其含义就更难追溯了。

reputed   /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/

adj.所谓;普遍认为;号称

Believed to be a certain way by popular opinion.

大众舆论认为是某种方式。

The 15th-century prince Vlad the Impaler is reputed to have inspired the character Dracula, though in fact, evil though Vlad was, Dracula's creator only borrowed his nickname.

15世纪的王子弗拉德被认为是德古拉这个角色的灵感来源，尽管事实上，尽管弗拉德是邪恶的，但德古拉的创造者只是借用了他的昵称。

Reputed is used constantly today by reporters, and almost always to describe suspected criminals—"the reputed mobster," "the reputed drug kingpin," "the reputed gang leader," etc. But the word shouldn't be left to journalists; your elderly aunt may, for instance, be reputed to have made a large fortune in oil, or to have had four husbands who all died mysteriously. Reputed is easy to confuse with reputable, and they used to mean the same thing—that is, "having a good reputation"—but it's become rare to hear reputed used with that meaning today.

如今，记者们经常使用“名誉”一词，几乎总是用来形容犯罪嫌疑人——“著名的暴徒”、“著名的毒枭”、“知名的黑帮头目”等。但这个词不应该留给记者；例如，你年迈的姑姑可能被认为在石油方面赚了一大笔钱，或者有四个丈夫都神秘地去世了。reputed很容易与reputable混淆，它们过去的意思是“有良好的声誉”，但现在很少听到声誉好的人用reputed这个词。

disrepute   /ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt/

n.丧失名誉;坏名声

Loss or lack of good reputation; disgrace.

丧失或缺乏良好声誉；丢脸

The family had fallen into disrepute after the conviction and imprisonment of his father and uncle.

在他的父亲和叔叔被定罪入狱后，这个家庭名誉扫地。

A reputation can be easy to lose, and someone who is no longer respectable may eventually find he's become genuinely disreputable—the kind of person that almost no one wants to be seen with. Disrepute isn't only for individuals: A company may fall into disrepute as a result of news stories about its products' defects; drug scandals have brought entire sports into disrepute; and a scientific theory may fall into disrepute as a result of new discoveries.

声誉很容易失去，一个不再受人尊敬的人最终可能会发现自己变得真正声名狼藉——几乎没有人愿意和他在一起。名声不只是针对个人：一家公司可能会因为有关其产品缺陷的新闻报道而名誉扫地；毒品丑闻使整个体育运动名誉扫地；一个科学理论可能会因为新的发现而名誉扫地。

impute   /ɪmˈpjuːt/

v.归咎(于);归罪(于);归因(于)

To attribute.

归因于。

The British imputed motives of piracy to American ships trying to prevent them from interfering with American trade during the War of 1812.

1812年战争期间，英国人将海盗行为的动机归咎于美国船只试图阻止他们干涉美国贸易。

Imputing something to someone (or something) usually means observing something invisible in that person (or thing). We may impute meaning to a play or novel, or to a casual remark by a friend, that was never intended. Many of us like to impute bad motives to others, while always regarding our own motives as pure. In tax law, imputed income is something that isn't actual money but might as well be—for example, the free use of a car lent to you by your employer.

将某事归咎于某人(或某物)通常意味着观察到该人(或事物)身上看不见的东西。我们可能会把意义归咎于一部戏剧或小说，或者朋友的一句随意的话，而这些都是无意的。我们中的许多人喜欢将不良动机归咎于他人，而总是认为自己的动机是纯粹的。在税法中，估算收入不是实际的钱，但也可能是，例如，免费使用雇主借给你的汽车。

putative   /ˈpjuːtətɪv/

adj.推定的;认定的;公认的

Generally supposed; assumed to exist.

一般假定的；假定存在。

To strengthen the case for the defense, a putative expert took the stand.

为了加强辩方的论据，一位公认的专家站了出来。

Putative is almost always used to express doubt or skepticism about a common belief. Thus, Tintagel Castle in Cornwall, a picturesque ruin, is the putative fortress of the medieval King Arthur. The residents of New York City are putatively chic, neurotic, rude, and dangerous. And cable TV is full of putative experts, who often turn out not to have much knowledge of the subjects they're talking about.

Putative几乎总是用来表达对一个共同信仰的怀疑。因此，康沃尔郡的廷塔杰尔城堡，一座风景如画的废墟，被认为是中世纪亚瑟王的堡垒。纽约市的居民被认为是时髦、神经质、粗鲁和危险的。有线电视上充斥着公认的专家，他们往往对所谈论的话题知之甚少。

74『LOG』

LOG, from the Greek word logos, meaning "word," "speech," or "reason," is found particularly in English words that end in -logy and -logue. The ending -logy often means "the study of"; so, for instance, biology is the study of life, and anthropology is the study of humans. And -logue usually indicates a type of discussion; thus, dialogue is conversation between two people or groups, and an epilogue is an author's last words on a subject. But exceptions aren't hard to find.

LOG，来自希腊语单词logos，意思是“单词”、“言语”或“原因”，尤其是在以-logy和-logue结尾的英语单词中。后缀-logy通常意味着“对某物的研究”；例如，生物学是对生命的研究，人类学是对人类的研究。后缀-logue通常表示一种类型的讨论；因此，对话是两个人或两个群体之间的对话，尾声是作者对一个主题的最后一句话。但也不难找到例外。

physiology   /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

n.生理学;生理机能

(1) A branch of biology dealing with the processes and activities by which living things, tissues, and cells function. (2) The life processes and activities of a living thing or any of its parts.

(1) 生物学的一个分支，研究生物、组织和细胞发挥作用的过程和活动。(2) 生物或其任何部分的生命过程和活动。

For students planning to go to medical school, the university’s most popular major is Human Physiology.

对于打算上医学院的学生来说，该大学最受欢迎的专业是人体生理学。

The Latin root physio- generally means "physical," so human physiology deals with just about everything that keeps us alive and working, and other physiology specialties do the same for other animals and for plants. To do anything serious in the field of health, you’ve obviously got to know how the body's organs and cells function normally. Physiology used to be considered separately from anatomy, which focuses on the body's structures; however, it's now known that structure and function can't easily be separated in a scientific way, so "anatomy and physiology" are often spoken of in the same breath.

拉丁词根physio-通常意思是“身体的”，所以人类生理学处理的几乎是维持我们生存和工作的一切，而其他生理学专业对其他动物和植物也是如此。要想在健康领域做任何严肃的事情，你显然必须了解身体的器官和细胞是如何正常工作的。生理学过去是与解剖学分开考虑的，解剖学侧重于身体的结构；然而，现在人们已经知道，结构和功能不容易以科学的方式分离，因此“解剖学和生理学”经常被同时提及。

methodology   /ˌmeθəˈdɑːlədʒi/

n.方法论;(从事某一活动的)方法，原则

A set of methods or rules followed in a science or field.

科学或领域中遵循的一套方法或规则。

Some researchers claimed that Dr. Keller's methodology was sloppy and had led to unreliable conclusions.

一些研究人员声称凯勒的方法很草率，导致了不可靠的结论。

The methodology employed in an experiment is essential to its success, and bad methodology has spoiled thousands of research projects. So whenever a piece of research is published in a scientific or medical journal, the researchers always carefully describe their methodology; otherwise, other scientists couldn't possibly judge the quality of what they've done.

实验中使用的方法论对其成功至关重要，而糟糕的方法论已经破坏了数千个研究项目。因此，每当一项研究发表在科学或医学期刊上时，研究人员总是仔细描述他们的方法；否则，其他科学家不可能判断他们所做工作的质量。

ideology   /ˌaɪdiˈɑːlədʒi/

n.思想(体系);思想意识;意识形态;观念形态

The set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party.

一个团体或政党的一套思想和信念。

By the time she turned 19, she realized she no longer believed in her family's political ideology.

当她年满19岁时，她意识到自己不再相信家族的政治意识形态。

The root ideo-, as you might guess, means "idea." Ideas and theories about human behavior can always be carried too far, since such behavior is very hard to pin down. So ideological thinkers—people who come up with large theories about how the world works and try to explain everything (and maybe even predict the future) according to those theories—are almost always disappointed, sooner or later, to find that it doesn't really work out. A person intensely devoted to a set of political ideas or theories can be called an ideologue—a translation of the French idéologue, a word actually coined by Napoleon as a label for those political thinkers full of ideas he had no use for.

正如你可能猜到的，词根ideo-的意思是“想法”。关于人类行为的想法和理论总是可能走得太远，因为这种行为很难确定。因此，意识形态思想家——那些提出关于世界如何运作的大理论，并试图根据这些理论解释一切(甚至可能预测未来)的人——几乎总是失望，迟早会发现它并没有真正奏效。一个强烈致力于一套政治思想或理论的人可以被称为意识形态——法语idéologue的翻译，这个词实际上是拿破仑创造的，用来给那些充满他没有用的思想的政治思想家贴标签。

cardiology   /ˌkɑːrdiˈɑːlədʒi/

n.心脏病学

The study of the heart and its action and diseases.

对心脏及其作用和疾病的研究。

After his heart attack, he actually bought himself a cardiology textbook and set about learning everything he could about his unreliable organ.

心脏病发作后，他实际上给自己买了一本心脏病学教科书，并开始尽可能学习关于他不可靠器官的一切知识。

The root card- (closely related to cord) shows up in many heart-related words. Cardiologists frequently find themselves studying cardiograms, the charts of heart activity, made by machines called cardiographs. Heart attacks, and deaths caused by them, have both declined as a result of better medical emergency procedures, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and a decline in smoking. But the factors likely to actually improve heart health, such as better diets and more cardiovascular exercise (exercise, such as running, that improves the heart and blood vessels), haven't made any progress at all. So we should all be prepared to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an emergency procedure done on someone whose heart has stopped, to get the heart and lungs working again).

词根card-(与脐带密切相关)出现在许多与心脏相关的单词中。心脏病学家经常发现自己在研究心电图，即由称为心电图机的机器制作的心脏活动图。由于更好的医疗急救程序、降低胆固醇的药物和吸烟的减少，心脏病发作和由此导致的死亡都有所下降。但可能真正改善心脏健康的因素，如更好的饮食和更多的心血管运动(如跑步等可以改善心脏和血管的运动)，根本没有取得任何进展。因此，我们都应该做好心肺复苏的准备(这是一种对心脏停止跳动的人进行的紧急手术，以使心脏和肺部恢复工作)。

75『TERR』

TERR comes from the Latin terra, "earth." A territory is a large expanse of land. Terra firma is Latin for "firm ground" as opposed to the swaying seas. A terrace is a leveled area, often one created for farming on a sloping hill. And the French word for potato, pomme de terre, means literally "apple of the earth."

TERR来自拉丁语terra，“地球”。领土是一大片土地。Terra firma在拉丁语中的意思是“坚实的地面”，而不是摇摆的海洋。露台是一个平整的区域，通常是为在斜坡上耕种而建的。法语中土豆是pomme de terre，字面意思是“地里的苹果”。（我与朋友说：原来土豆是地球上的苹果。她：是地里的苹果，哪个苹果不是地球上的呢？（笑。

parterre   /pɑːrˈter/

n.花坛;花圃;(尤指戏院楼厅底下的)正厅观众席

(1) A decorative garden with paths between the beds of plants. (2) The back area of the ground floor of a theater, often under the balcony.

(1) 一个装饰性的花园，植物床之间有小路。(2) 剧院底层的后面区域，通常在阳台下。

The city's park boasts a beautiful parterre with many varieties of roses.

这个城市的公园有一个美丽的花坛，有很多品种玫瑰。

Parterre comes to English by way of French, where it means "on the ground." And in the early years of the theater, the parterre was truly on the ground. In Shakespeare's day, an English theater's parterre was the cheap standing-room area right in front of the stage, normally filled with rowdy spectators. The original idea of the French parterre garden, with its carefully designed plots and walkways, was to present an artistic pattern when seen from above—from a balcony, a raised terrace, or the top of an outdoor staircase. English gardeners responded with garden designs that tried to make their viewers half-forget that they were seeing something created by humans rather than untamed nature itself.

Parterre在英语中是以法语的形式出现的，法语的意思是“在地面上”。在戏剧的早期，Parterre确实在地面上。在莎士比亚时代，英国剧院的走廊是舞台正前方的廉价站立区，通常挤满了喧闹的观众。法国花坛花园的最初想法是，从阳台、凸起的露台或户外楼梯顶部俯视，呈现出一种艺术图案，花园的地块和人行道都经过了精心设计。英国园丁们以花园设计作为回应，试图让观众一半忘记他们看到的是人类创造的东西，而不是未驯服的自然本身。

subterranean   /ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/

adj.地下的;在地下进行的，地底下发生的;私下的，暗中的，秘密进行的;隐藏的，隐蔽的

n.生活在地下的人;在地下工作的人;地下物;地下洞穴;地下室

Underground.

地下的。

In Carlsbad Caverns National Park there is an astonishing subterranean chamber over half a mile long.

在卡尔斯巴德洞穴国家公园，有一个超过半英里长的令人惊叹的地下洞穴。

A tunnel is a subterranean road or pathway, and a subway is a subterranean railway. The subterranean vaults at Fort Knox hold billions of dollars of gold reserves. Subterranean reservoirs called aquifers are tapped for water; in places where the pressure on the subterranean water is great enough, a hole drilled in the ground will bring it bubbling to the surface.

隧道是一条地下道路，而地铁是一条地下轨道。诺克斯堡的地下金库拥有数十亿美元的黄金储备。地下水库被称为含水层，用来取水；在地下水压力足够大的地方，在地下钻一个洞，就会使其冒泡到地表。

terrarium   /teˈreriəm/

n.生物育养箱;玻璃花园

An enclosure, usually transparent, with a layer of dirt in the bottom in which plants and sometimes small animals are kept indoors.

一种通常是透明的围栏，底部有一层泥土，室内饲养植物，有时饲养小动物。

When no one was watching, they dropped their snake in the fifth-grade terrarium, and then waited in the hall to hear the screams.

当没有人观看时，他们把蛇扔到了五年级的玻璃容器里，然后在大厅里等着听尖叫声。

The turtle exhibit at a zoo is often in the form of a terrarium, as are some of the exhibits at a plant conservatory. In an ant terrarium, elementary-school students watch the ants dig their network of tunnels as if no one were watching. Terrariums try to create conditions as close as possible to a natural habitat. A covered terrarium can often sustain itself for months on the moisture trapped inside. But creating a good terrarium requires careful control not only of humidity but also of temperature, as well as good ventilation; the lighting should include the full spectrum of sunlight as well as a day-night regulator.

动物园里的海龟展览通常是玻璃容器的形式，植物温室里的一些展览也是如此。在蚂蚁玻璃容器里，小学生们看着蚂蚁挖掘他们的隧道网络，就好像没有人在看一样。梯田试图创造尽可能接近自然栖息地的条件。一个有盖的玻璃容器通常可以依靠里面的水分维持数月。但是，创造一个好的玻璃容器不仅需要仔细控制湿度，还需要仔细控制温度，以及良好的通风；照明应包括全光谱的阳光以及昼夜调节器。

terrestrial   /təˈrestriəl/

adj.陆地的;陆栖的;陆生的;地球的;地球上的;陆地上的，地面上的(与卫星相对而言)

n.地球人;陆地生物

(1) Having to do with Earth or its inhabitants. (2) Living or growing on land instead of in water or air.

(1) 与地球或其居民有关的。(2) 生活或生长在陆地上，而不是在水或空气中。

The roadrunner, although a largely terrestrial bird, can take flight for short periods when necessary.

越野鸟虽然主要是陆地鸟类，但在必要时可以短时间飞行。

Everything on or having to do with Earth can be called terrestrial. Mercury, Venus, and Mars are often called the terrestrial planets, since they are rocky balls somewhat like Earth rather than great globes of gas like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Something extraterrestrial comes from beyond the earth and its atmosphere; the word can be used to describe anything "out of this world," from moon rocks to meteors. Turning to the second sense of terrestrial, animals are often divided into the terrestrial (land-living) and the aquatic (water-living). And sometimes terrestrial animals are contrasted with arboreal animals, those that live in trees.

地球上的一切或与地球有关的一切都可以称为地球。水星、金星和火星通常被称为类地行星，因为它们是有点像地球的岩石球，而不是像木星、土星、天王星和海王星这样的大气体球。来自地球及其大气层之外的外星物质；这个词可以用来形容“世界之外”的任何东西，从月球岩石到流星。转向陆地的第二种感觉，动物通常分为陆地动物(陆地生物)和水生动物(水生物)。有时陆地动物与树栖动物形成对比，树栖动物生活在树上。