恋词考研英语真题5500词第一天Unit 01开始
state
Noun. [steit] 状态,情况;国;州
Verb. [steit] 陈述;说明;规定
形近词:statute, manifestation, statistic, statistical, stationary, statement, understatement, overstate, statesman,estate,devastate,devastating,workstation,status。
state [n] 状态,情况
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world”, to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.
这道2013年的考研翻译真题该怎么翻译?
句子拆开再组合:
urge作动词是催促、敦促、大力推荐、竭力主张、驱赶、鞭策。urge作名词是冲动和强烈的欲望,这种一词多义,想想就明白了,有欲望才会冲动。One of these urges。这里的urges很明显是urge作为名词的复数形式。have to do是不得不做的意思,但是,have to do with是与...有关的意思。One of these urges has to do with其中一种欲望与...有关。那么到底是与什么有关呢?with后面是creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence。继续将句子拆开。Creating a state of ...。state前面加了a,很明显句子中的state是名词了,情况,状态。Creating a state of ...翻译成创造一种。。。样的状态。那么到底是什么样的状态。Creating a state of peace ....。peace和平,平静,和睦。创造一种平静的状态。什么样的peace?peace in the midst of turbulence, 句中 的midst是介词[prep],意为在...中间,在...当中。turbulence是名词激流动荡。所以,peace in the midst of turbulence。就是在激流中的平静,或者是混乱中的平静。
那么creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,就是创造一种在混乱中平静的状态。那么One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,就是其中的一种欲望与创造一种混乱中的平静状态有关。
第一个逗号前面的句子翻译完了,现在看第一个逗号和第二个逗号之间的句子,a “still point of the turning world”, 句子中的still可以作名词,动词,形容词和副词。副词修饰动词,形容词修饰名词,still point of the turning world的still很明显是形容词修饰point,意为静止的点。turning world,turn只有动词,名词两种词性。turning是turn的ing形式,表示旋转的。turning world 强调正在旋转/翻转的世界。a “still point of the turning world”,意思是:一个“旋转中的世界的静止点”。最后一个逗号后面的 “to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot”。phrase可作名词短语,习语和动词表达,推敲的意思。a phrase这里phrase是名词,翻译成一个短语。T. S. Eliot西方著名文学家。最后一个逗号后面的 “to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot”意为借用E.S.Eliot的说法。这句很明显是状语,起修饰作用,修饰什么,逗号后面的“to borrow a phrase from T.S.Eliot”作为状语修饰逗号前面的“a ‘still point of the turning world’”。因为——a “still point of the turning world”中话加了引号,引号的内容代表引用别人,逗号后面又直接说了,用E.S.Eliot的说法来说。那么引号中引用别人的话,来自于E.S.Eliot。逻辑就清楚了。
所以,这道2013年的考研翻译真题。原文是——
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world”, to borrow a phrase from T.S.Eliot.
翻译成(书中给的参考译文):
其中的一种欲望与创造一种闹中取静的状态有关,借用T.S.艾略特的说法就是一个“旋转世界的静止点”。
state [n] 州
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
一点点的拆开这个句子。先看第一个逗号前的“During the 2016 presidential campaign”。presidential是president的派生词。president是总统,总裁,主席,会长的意思,campaign是运动,战役,竞选。presidential campaign一般是总统竞选的意思,何况联系上下文,后面还有politically critical state of Michigan,political是政治的意思。那么During the 2016 presidential campaign,就是在2016年的总统竞选中。
现在来看第一个逗号和第二个逗号之间的句子。“nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news”。先找完整的主谓宾和主系表结构。“... was fake news”。“...是假新闻”。那到底什么是假新闻呢?也就是主语是什么?nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news。主语是,“nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan”。nearly a quarter of web content近四分之一的网络内容。quarter意思是四分之一。shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan。Michigan是密歇根州。politically政治地,副词修饰形容词critical。critical有批判的,关键的意思,这里是关键的。Politically critical state字面翻译是政治关键州,其实就是中文语境下的摇摆州的意思——美国有传统意义上的蓝州(民主党大本营),红州(共和党大本营),摇摆州(也叫政治关键州,可能被民主党拿下,也可能被共和党拿下)。
shared by Twitter users被推特用户分享。哪里的推特用户,in the politically critical state of Michigan。政治关键州密歇根州的推特用户。
所以,第一个逗号和第二个逗号之间的句子“nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news”意思是,政治关键州密歇根州的推特用户分享的网络内容中,有近1/4都是假新闻。一定要注意,nearly是副词,修饰动词的,这里是修饰was,而不是修饰名词a quarter of web content。所以,翻译成近1/4都是假新闻最符合英文愿意。
according to the University of Oxford。根据牛津大学所说。according to是介词,意思是根据,依据,根据...所说。
所以,整个句子——
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
翻译成(书中的参考译文):
根据牛津大学的说法,2016年美国总统大选期间,在政治关键州密歇根州的推特用户分享的网络内容中,有近1/4都是假新闻。
statute [ˈstætʃu:t] n. 法令;法规
Penalties are laid down in the statue.法令中规定了惩罚。
laid down放下,制定,规定,颁布
manifestation [ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn] n. 显示,表现;示威运动
The riots are a clear manifestation of the people’s discontent.
骚乱是人民不满的一个清晰显示。riot可作名词骚乱和不及物动词骚乱。
Some manifestation of your concern would have been appreciate.
如果你的关心有一部分表示,会被感激的。Would have been表示否定。这句话也可以翻译成,你当时要是表现出一些关心就好了。
manifestation作为示威运动时和demonstration同义。
There were violent demonstration/manifestation against war. 爆发了激烈的反战示威运动。
statistic [stəˈtɪstɪk] n.统计数值。adj. 统计的;统计学的;
statistical [stəˈtɪstɪkl] adj.统计的;统计学的;
These statistics are misleading.这些统计数值在误导人们。
There is a compulsory course in statistic.统计学有一门必修课。
compulsory义务的,强制的,必修的。
statistical analysis统计分析
Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.
大部分期刊在统计数值上的审查都很弱,这会伤害他们刊登内容的质量。
论文的结论根据统计数据而来,如果统计数据是伪造的(这种事在学术界很常见),那么论文的成果是不堪一击的。这是学术造假。
stationary [ˈsteɪʃəneri] adj. 固定的;静止的;不动的;
stationery [ˈsteɪʃəneri] n. 文具
I remained stationary. 我留下不动。
statement [ˈsteɪtmənt] n. (正式或明确的口头或书面)陈述,声明;(意见或观点的)表达,表现
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
将句子拆开再组合。
A string of 一连串的。A string of accidents,一连串的事件,什么样的一连串事件。第一个逗号和第二个逗号之间的话是修饰A string of accidents的状语。“including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage”,cooling tower冷却塔。partial部分的,collapse倒塌。leakage泄露。所以“including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage”翻译成——包括2007年发生的一个冷却塔的部分倒塌和地下管道系统泄露的发现。第二个逗号后面的句子——“raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe”. 句子中的Vermont Yankee指的是佛蒙特洋基核电厂,Entergy指的是安特吉公司。raised serious questions about引起了一系列有关...的严重质疑。question除了问题还有质疑的意思。和什么有关的强烈质疑呢?“both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe”. both 两者,双方。质疑是对两者和双方的。Both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s managment是对佛蒙特洋基核电厂的安全性和安特吉公司的管理双方的质疑。Especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe。尤其是在公司对管道做出了误导性的声明后。
现在,将拆开的句子重新组合。原文——
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
包含2007年冷却塔部分倒塌和地下管道系统泄露的发现这一系列事件,引发了对于佛梦特洋基核电厂的安全性和安特吉公司管理的强烈质疑,尤其是在公司做出了对管道的误导性声明后。
understatement [ˈʌndərsteɪtmənt] n.保守陈述;不充分的陈述;轻描淡写
“These figures are a bit disappointing” .“That’s got to be the understatement of the year”. “这些数字有些让人失望”。“那一定是本年度最保守的说法”。
overstate [ˌoʊvərˈsteɪt] vt,夸张,夸大地叙述
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.
句子拆开再组合。首先,It was banks that were on the wrong planet, 句子中的on the wrong planet是脱离实际,荒谬,不靠谱的意思。It was banks that were on the wrong planet,意为是银行脱离了实际。那么银行是如何脱离实际的呢?with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. 他们的账户巨大地高估了资产。vastly副词修饰动词overvalue。Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, 今天他们争论市场价格夸大了亏损,because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.因为它们(市场价格)主要反应了市场的当前流动性不足,而不是坏账的可能范围。largely副词,意思为主要地,在很大程度上,多半。temporary形容词,暂时的,短暂的,临时的。illiquidity不流动性。likely可作形容词和副词,这里是形容词,修饰extent。
那么,整个句子——
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.
翻译成:是银行脱离了实际,他们的账户极大地高估了资产。今天他们争论市场价格夸大了损失,因为它们(市场价格)主要反映了市场的不流动性,而不是坏账的可能范围。
历史总是在重复自身,发生在美国的次贷危机,现在的中国,房地产不能跌与银行命运息息相关。
statesman [ˈsteɪtsmən] n.政治家
Hamilton is a great statesman and political thinker.
汉密尔顿是一个伟大的政治家和政治思想家。
美国百老汇著名的音乐剧《Hamilton》就是以这位政治家为蓝本写的音乐剧。
estate [ɪˈsteɪt] n. 房地产;身份;财产
He made a fortune in real estate. 他在房地产上发了财。
devastate [ˈdevəsteɪt] v. 毁灭,毁坏
devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] adj. 毁灭性的;极具破坏力的
The wear and tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.
这些更长的关系中的损耗可以是非常有破坏性的。
wear除了穿,还有磨损的意思,tear眼泪。wear and tear磨损,消耗。
workstation [ˈwɜːrksteɪʃn] n.工作台
Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.
句子拆开再组合。anthropology人类学,anthropologist人类学家。senior资深的,年长的。Claire C. Gordon人名字,后面的句子是对这个人的介绍,senior anthropologist一个资深人类学家,什么样的资深人类学家。at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. 句子中的Army是大写,所以是陆军。马萨州内蒂克陆军研究中心的资深人类学家。ensures that ,确保什么。90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.百分之90的制服和工作台适合新兵不用更改。
alter动词更改,alteration名词更改。recruit新兵。uniform制服。
所以整个句子怎么翻译:
马萨州内蒂克陆军研究中心的资深人类学家Claire C. Gordon保证,百分之九十的制服和工作台适合新兵无需更改。她说,军队制服的长度不像是那些为篮球准备的,已经有一段时间没有更改了。