OG4科学1 "pharming" 动物工厂

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一段研究背景；

二段研究原理和目的；

第三段先给了实际运用（即研究结果），

才在最后一段中出现实验本身及展望。

背景拓展：

Emily Anthes is an award-winning science journalist and author. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, Wired, Nature, Slate, Businessweek, Scientific American, The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, and elsewhere. Her book, Frankenstein’s Cat, explores how biotechnology is shaping the future of animals and was published in March 2013.

For centuries, we’ve toyed with our creature companions, breeding dogs that herd and hunt, housecats that look just like tigers, and teacup pigs that fit snugly in our handbags. But what happens when we take animal alteration a step further, engineering a cat that glows green under ultraviolet light or cloning the beloved family Labrador? Science has given us a whole new toolbox for tinkering with life. How are we using it?

In Frankenstein’s Cat, journalist Emily Anthes takes us from petri dish to pet store as she explores how biotechnology is shaping the future of our furry and feathered friends. As she ventures from bucolic barnyards to a “frozen zoo” where scientists are storing DNA from the planet’s most exotic creatures, she discovers how we can use cloning to protect endangered species, craft prosthetics to save injured animals, and employ genetic engineering to stock farms with disease-resistant livestock. Along the way, we meet some of the animals that are ushering in this astonishing age of enhancement, including sensor-wearing seals, cyborg beetles, a bionic bulldog, and the world’s first cloned cat.

Through her encounters with scientists, conservationists, ethicists, and entrepreneurs, Anthes reveals that while some of our interventions may be trivial (behold, the GloFish) others could improve the lives of many species—including our own. So what does biotechnology really mean for the world’s wild things? And what do our brave new beasts tell us about ourselves?

With keen insight and her trademark spunk, Anthes highlights both the peril and promise of our scientific superpowers, taking us on an adventure into a world where our grandest science fiction fantasies are fast becoming reality.

关于弗兰肯斯坦的作者玛丽·雪莱——

玛丽·雪莱（Mary Shelley，1797—1851）出生于英国，父亲是政治家兼哲学家威廉·葛德文；母亲是公认最早的女权主义者玛丽·沃尔斯通克拉夫特，在原来的婚姻破裂后与玛丽的父亲结婚。两人都小有名气，并著有各种小册子。1797年玛丽出生，10天后母亲便因病离世，这件事一直影响着玛丽，在她的内心深处始终保留着“自己害死了母亲”的念头。后来父亲再婚，玛丽不得不与生父、继母、继母原来的孩子、继母与生父的孩子等人生活在一起，家庭成分复杂，矛盾较大。直到玛丽长大成人后遇到了雪莱，才终于获得了与人交流感情的机会，可其时雪莱已有妻室，因此玛丽在很长一段时间还充当了“第三者”的角色。雪莱妻子投河自杀后，玛丽终于得以与雪莱结婚，但婚后多次流产，只成活了一个孩子。6年半之后雪莱又被淹死。玛丽的一生充满了不幸和恐怖，终生为死亡所缠绕，所有这些后来都被表现在她的作品当中。