【标题速读】【nbe】【2023年】【5-8月】

声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。

1.Peptide-boosted uptake of CRISPR enzymes. This issue highlights that prime editing can efficiently correct the sickle-cell allele in patient haematopoietic stem cells, a Cas9-based gene therapy for Huntington’s disease tested in pigs, the efficient peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes, a method for the knock-in and stable expression of large payloads in primary human cells, that adding cytosine stretches to the 5′ end of single-guide RNAs constrains the activity of Cas9, and a library of cytosine base editors for the precise ablation of every mtDNA protein-coding gene in the mouse mitochond.

肽增强 CRISPR 酶的吸收。本期重点强调，初等编辑可以有效纠正患者造血干细胞中的镰状细胞等位基因、在猪身上测试的基于 Cas9 的亨廷顿病基因疗法、高效肽介导的 CRISPR 酶递送、一种基因敲入方法以及在原代人类细胞中大有效负载的稳定表达，在单引导 RNA 的 5' 端添加胞嘧啶会限制 Cas9 的活性，以及用于精确消除每个 mtDNA 蛋白编码基因的胞嘧啶碱基编辑器库小鼠线粒体。

2.Ex vivo prime editing of patient haematopoietic stem cells rescues sickle-cell disease phenotypes after engraftment in mice.

患者造血干细胞的体外引物编辑在植入小鼠体内后可挽救镰状细胞病表型。

3.Cas9-mediated replacement of expanded CAG repeats in a pig model of Huntington’s disease.

Cas9介导的亨廷顿病猪模型中扩展的CAG重复序列的替换。

4.Peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes for the efficient editing of primary human lymphocytes.

肽介导的 CRISPR 酶递送，用于有效编辑原代人淋巴细胞。

5.Stable expression of large transgenes via the knock-in of an integrase-deficient lentivirus.

通过整合酶缺陷型慢病毒的敲入实现大转基因的稳定表达。

6.Optimization of Cas9 activity through the addition of cytosine extensions to single-guide RNAs.

通过向单引导 RNA 添加胞嘧啶延伸来优化 Cas9 活性。

7.A library of base editors for the precise ablation of all protein-coding genes in the mouse mitochondrial genome.

碱基编辑器库，用于精确消除小鼠线粒体基因组中的所有蛋白质编码基因。

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1.A vision transformer for decoding surgical activity. This issue highlights representation-learning strategies for processing multimodal inputs and for improving the robustness and training efficiency of machine-learning models, a vision transformer for decoding surgical activity, a machine-learning pipeline for mining the entire space of polypeptide-chain sequences to identify potent antimicrobial peptides, ensembles of machine-learning models for explaining the molecular basis of synergetic drug combinations, and a machine-learning model that links genome sequence and non-coding RNA expression at the cell.

用于解码手术活动的视觉转换器。本期重点介绍了用于处理多模态输入、提高机器学习模型的鲁棒性和训练效率的表示学习策略、用于解码手术活动的视觉转换器、用于挖掘整个多肽链序列空间以识别的机器学习管道。强效抗菌肽、用于解释协同药物组合的分子基础的机器学习模型集合，以及将细胞中的基因组序列和非编码 RNA 表达联系起来的机器学习模型。

2.A transformer-based representation-learning model with unified processing of multimodal input for clinical diagnostics.

基于变压器的表示学习模型，可统一处理用于临床诊断的多模态输入。

3.Robust and data-efficient generalization of self-supervised machine learning for diagnostic imaging.

用于诊断成像的自监督机器学习的稳健且数据高效的泛化。

4.A vision transformer for decoding surgeon activity from surgical videos.

用于从手术视频中解码外科医生活动的视觉转换器。

5.Identification of potent antimicrobial peptides via a machine-learning pipeline that mines the entire space of peptide sequences.

通过挖掘整个肽序列空间的机器学习管道来识别有效的抗菌肽。

6.Uncovering expression signatures of synergistic drug responses via ensembles of explainable machine-learning models.

通过可解释的机器学习模型的集合揭示协同药物反应的表达特征。

7.Prediction of the cell-type-specific transcription of non-coding RNAs from genome sequences via machine learning.

通过机器学习从基因组序列预测非编码 RNA 的细胞类型特异性转录。

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1.High-throughput imaging of single-cell secretions. This issue highlights a caller of genomic variants that leverages machine learning to reduce read-mapping costs, a method for the in vivo screening of hydrogels for antifibrotic properties, collagen-replacement therapy via mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles delivered intradermally via microneedles, the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of nanoparticle formulations for the delivery of mRNA to the liver, an investigation of the effects of the spatial distribution and placement of antigens in nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines, a subcutaneous Zika vaccine consisting of a hydrogel electrostatically entrapping the live virus, and a microwell array for the image-based spatiotemporal profiling of single-cell secretions.

单细胞分泌物的高通量成像。本期重点介绍了基因组变异的调用者，该变异利用机器学习来降低读取映射成本，一种体内筛选水凝胶抗纤维化特性的方法，通过微针皮内递送的封装 mRNA 的细胞外囊泡进行胶原蛋白替代疗法，高用于将 mRNA 递送至肝脏的纳米颗粒制剂库的体内筛选、基于纳米颗粒的癌症疫苗中抗原的空间分布和放置的影响的研究、由静电捕获活体的水凝胶组成的皮下寨卡疫苗病毒，以及用于基于图像的单细胞分泌物时空分析的微孔阵列。

2.Ultrafast prediction of somatic structural variations by filtering out reads matched to pan-genome k-mer sets.

通过过滤掉与泛基因组 k-mer 集匹配的读数，超快速预测体细胞结构变异。

3.Screening hydrogels for antifibrotic properties by implanting cellularly barcoded alginates in mice and a non-human primate.

通过将带有细胞条形码的藻酸盐植入小鼠和非人类灵长类动物体内，筛选水凝胶的抗纤维化特性。

4.Intradermally delivered mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles for collagen-replacement therapy.

皮内递送封装 mRNA 的细胞外囊泡，用于胶原蛋白替代疗法。

5.Peptide-encoding mRNA barcodes for the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery.

肽编码 mRNA 条形码，用于高通量体内筛选用于 mRNA 递送的脂质纳米粒子库。

6.Multi-antigen spherical nucleic acid cancer vaccines.

多抗原球形核酸癌症疫苗。

7.Immunization against Zika by entrapping live virus in a subcutaneous self-adjuvanting hydrogel.

通过将活病毒捕获在皮下自我辅助水凝胶中来对抗寨卡病毒。

8.High-throughput spatiotemporal monitoring of single-cell secretions via plasmonic microwell arrays.

通过等离子体微孔阵列对单细胞分泌物进行高通量时空监测。

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1.Imaging two PET tracers simultaneously. This issue highlights polarimetric endoscopy for the detection of laryngeal lesions, the imaging of posterior scleral birefringence to predict the onset of myopia, the magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the metabolism of glucose and neurotransmitters in the human brain, the quantification of intratumoural heterogeneity via PET–MRI and machine learning, the simultaneous imaging of two PET tracers, and lens-free holography and deep learning for the quantification of v.

同时对两个 PET 示踪剂进行成像。本期重点介绍用于检测喉部病变的偏振内窥镜、用于预测近视发病的后巩膜双折射成像、人脑中葡萄糖和神经递质代谢的磁共振波谱成像、通过 PET 量化肿瘤内异质性MRI 和机器学习、两个 PET 示踪剂的同时成像以及用于 v 量化的无透镜全息术和深度学习。

2.Surgical polarimetric endoscopy for the detection of laryngeal cancer.

用于检测喉癌的外科偏振内窥镜检查。

3.Posterior scleral birefringence measured by triple-input polarization-sensitive imaging as a biomarker of myopia progression.

通过三输入偏振敏感成像测量后巩膜双折射作为近视进展的生物标志物。

4.1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of deuterated glucose and of neurotransmitter metabolism at 7 T in the human brain.

人脑中氘化葡萄糖和 7 T 神经递质代谢的 1H 磁共振波谱成像。

5.Quantification of intratumoural heterogeneity in mice and patients via machine-learning models trained on PET–MRI data.

通过基于 PET-MRI 数据训练的机器学习模型对小鼠和患者的肿瘤内异质性进行量化。

6.Simultaneous quantitative imaging of two PET radiotracers via the detection of positron–electron annihilation and prompt gamma emissions.

通过检测正电子-电子湮灭和瞬发伽马发射，对两种 PET 放射性示踪剂进行同步定量成像。

7.Rapid and stain-free quantification of viral plaque via lens-free holography and deep learning.

通过无透镜全息术和深度学习对病毒斑块进行快速、免染色定量。