苏说文化之孔子（汉语版）

伟大的教育家——孔子

Confucius, the Great Educator

Confucius (551 - 479 BC) was surnamed Kong, forenamed Qiu, and honorarily titled Zhongni. He was born in Tzouyi of the Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He was the founder of Confucianism.

孔子(公元前551年—公元前479年)，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑人，是儒家学派的创始人。

Confucius was one of the great thinkers that emerged at this time. He advanced the theory of benevolence, AKA ren in Chinese, on the part of rulers toward their people, stressing that the wealth they produced should not be squandered and political rule should be based on virtue, not force.

他是当时伟大的思想家.他提出“仁政”，要求统治者能够体贴民情，爱惜民力，不要过度压迫剥削人民。他主张以德治民，反对暴政。

   Confucius was also a great educator. In his time, only children from aristocratic families could receive education. Confucius advocated "teaching everyone equally". He taught his disciples without discrimination, no matter what their social status was. Confucius established private schools and broke the government's monopoly over education. It is said that Confucius taught as many as 3,000 disciples, among whom 72 became very famous.

孔子也是伟大的教育家。当时，只有贵族子弟才能够接受教育。孔子提倡“有教无类”，他的学生，不论地位高低，都一律平等教育。孔子兴办私学，打破了官府对文化教育的垄断。据说孔子教过的学生有3,000多人，其中著名的有72人。孔子主张“因材施教”，对不同的学生，进行不同的教育。

Confucius proposed "teaching students according to their aptitude". He said one should be honest in learning and not pretend to know what one did not know. He told his disciples to review what they had learned regularly during their study, because "new knowledge can be gained by reviewing old knowledge", and he also told them to combine learning with thinking.

他教育学生：学习知识要经常复习，“温故而知新”；学习态度要诚恳，“知之为知之，不知为不知”；他还要求学生把学习和思考结合起来。

He was also one of the first Chinese philosophers to leave behind a collection of teachings. This was the Analects of Confucius, commonly known as Lunyu in Chinese.

孔子又是最早将自己的学说整理成册的中国哲学家之一。这是《论语》。

The Analects is a collection of the teachings and thoughts of Confucius and fragments of dialogues between him and his disciples, which is one of the classics of the Confucian school. Confucius theories formed the ruling orthodox ideology in China. From the time of Confucius, the Analects has strongly influenced the philosophy and ethical values of China.

《论语》是儒家经典著作之一，汇集了孔子的教诲和思想，以及孔子与弟子对话。孔子理论在中国形成了正统的统治思想。从孔子时代起，《论语》就对中国乃至后来东亚其他国家的哲学和伦理价值观产生了强烈的影响。在中国古代，一个对《论语》不熟悉的人被认为是没有受过教育的，不道德正直。

The Analects, together with other three works, the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean and the Mencius, which make up the Four Books, teaches the main Confucian virtues: Decorum, Justice, Fairness, and Filial Piety.

《论语》与其他三部经典《大学》、《中庸》、《孟子》一起，构成了《四书》，主要讲授儒家美德：礼、义、诚、孝等。

For more than two thousand years, the Analects is the foundation of Chinese education. Its teachings are so ingrained in Chinese society that they continue to shape the morality and thoughts of millions of Chinese.

二千多年来，《论语》是中国教育的基础。它的教义在中国社会根深蒂固，他们继续塑造着千百万中国人的道德和思想。

Great changes have taken place in the 2000-plus years after the birth of the Analects of Confucius. Nevertheless, it contains lots of ideas that transcend the passage of time, some of which are still relevant today. Today, the people of China celebrate Confucius Birthday on Teacher’s Day in honor the ancestor, Confucius, the great educator.

2000多年的时光,虽然沧海桑田,时移世易,但《论语》中有许多超越时代的思想,至今仍有启发意义。今天，中国人民在教师节时庆祝孔子诞辰，以纪念孔子，这位伟大的教育家。