【标题速读】【nature】【2023年】【5月】
声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。
1.Exoplanet destruction. As stars evolve, they expand and so will engulf planets in close orbit around them. This planetary catastrophe is expected to generate powerful luminous ejections of mass from the star, although this has not been observed directly. In this week’s issue, Kishalay De and his colleagues present observations of a short-lived optical outburst in the Galactic disk accompanied by bright, long-lived infrared emission. The combination of low optical luminosity and radiated energy suggests that the source of the outburst was the engulfment of a planet by its Sun-like star — an event that awaits Earth and the other planets of the inner Solar System in about 5 billion years, and that is captured in the artist’s impression on the cover.
系外行星的毁灭。随着恒星的演化，它们会膨胀，从而吞没围绕它们的近距离轨道上的行星。这场行星灾难预计会从恒星产生强大的光亮质量喷射，尽管这尚未被直接观察到。在本周的期刊中，Kishalay De 和他的同事展示了对银盘中短暂的光学爆发的观测结果，并伴有明亮、长寿命的红外发射。低光度和辐射能量的结合表明，爆发的根源是一颗行星被其类太阳恒星吞没——这一事件将在大约 50 亿年后等待地球和内太阳系的其他行星，并且这在封面上捕捉到了艺术家的印象。
2.Human pangenome. The human reference genome has been the backbone of human genomics since the release of the draft sequence in 2001. But it has its limitations: one genome cannot hope to capture the diversity of the human species. In this week’s issue, the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium presents the first draft human pangenome, which combines genetic material from 47 genetically diverse individuals to provide a more complete picture of the human genome. Two additional papers use this new resource to study regions of the genome that include repetitive DNA: one looking at segmental duplications, the other at the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. These results come from an early stage in the pangenome project, which ultimately aims to capture the genetic diversity of at least 350 individuals. The cover shows the pangenome wrapping a globe and uses a sequence tube map rendering of a pangenome graph relating ten haplotypes within the highly variable HLA-A locus on chromosome 6 created by Adam Novak at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
人类泛基因组。自2001年发布序列草案以来，人类参考基因组一直是人类基因组学的支柱。但它也有其局限性：一个基因组无法指望捕获人类物种的多样性。在本周的期刊中，人类泛基因组参考联盟提出了人类泛基因组的第一份草案，该草案结合了来自 47 个遗传多样性个体的遗传物质，以提供更完整的人类基因组图景。另外两篇论文利用这一新资源来研究包含重复 DNA 的基因组区域：一篇研究片段重复，另一篇研究近端着丝粒染色体的短臂。这些结果来自泛基因组项目的早期阶段，该项目的最终目标是捕获至少 350 个个体的遗传多样性。封面显示了包裹地球的泛基因组，并使用序列管图绘制了泛基因组图，该图与加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的 Adam Novak 创建的 6 号染色体上高度可变的 HLA-A 基因座内的 10 个单倍型相关。
3.Raging bulls. The cover shows an artist’s impression of two male mammoths fighting. During episodes of musth, adult male elephants undergo periods of elevated testosterone levels associated with aggression and competition for mating. In this week’s issue, Michael Cherney and his colleagues show that male woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) experienced similar episodes of musth. The researchers focused on tusks, which provide a record of growth in their layers of dentin. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, the team was able to reconstruct hormone records using dentin extracted from modern elephant and prehistoric mammoth tusks. The results revealed similar testosterone fluctuations in the male mammoth as those associated with musth in the record for the male African elephant.
愤怒的公牛。封面展示了两只雄性猛犸象打斗的艺术印象。在发情期间，成年雄性大象会经历与攻击性和交配竞争相关的睾丸激素水平升高的时期。在本周的期刊中，迈克尔·切尔尼（Michael Cherney）和他的同事表明，雄性猛犸象（Mammuthus primigenius）也经历过类似的发情期。研究人员重点关注象牙，它提供了牙本质层的生长记录。使用液相色谱法和串联质谱法，研究小组能够利用从现代大象和史前猛犸象牙中提取的牙本质重建激素记录。结果显示，雄性猛犸象的睾丸激素波动与雄性非洲象记录中与发情期相关的波动相似。
4.Bending the rules. Flexible solar cells have great potential for photovoltaics integrated into buildings or in wearable electronics. But silicon-based solar cells tend to be too brittle to offer sufficient flexibility. In this week’s issue, Wenzhu Liu and colleagues present a way to make foldable silicon wafers that can be used in flexible solar cells. The secret to success was to blunt the edges of the silicon wafers, thereby stopping them from undergoing brittle fracturing. As a result, the researchers were able to make 15-centimetre solar cells with a bending angle of more than 360°. The team suggests that this process could be used in the large-scale manufacture of flexible cells that could have a wide range of uses, such as powering street lights as shown in the artist’s impression on the cover.
打破规则。柔性太阳能电池在将光伏发电集成到建筑物或可穿戴电子产品中具有巨大潜力。但硅基太阳能电池往往太脆，无法提供足够的灵活性。在本周的期刊中，Wenzhu Liu 及其同事提出了一种制造可用于柔性太阳能电池的可折叠硅晶圆的方法。成功的秘诀是钝化硅片的边缘，从而阻止它们发生脆性断裂。结果，研究人员能够制造出弯曲角度超过360°的15厘米太阳能电池。该团队建议，这一工艺可用于大规模制造柔性电池，这些电池具有广泛的用途，例如为路灯供电，如封面上艺术家的印象所示。
5.Africa-led group generates lablab crop genome.
非洲领导的小组生成了lablab作物基因组。
6.Planet swallowed after venturing too close to its star.
行星因过于靠近恒星而被吞噬。
7.An unexpected timer for cell division.
意想不到的细胞分裂定时器。
8.Bright light coaxed from electrically driven quantum dots.
电力驱动的量子点发出明亮的光。
9.Enzyme lights dual fires to promote cancer.
酶点燃双火促进癌症。
10.Reappraising the palaeobiology of Australopithecus.
重新评估南方古猿的古生物学。
11.An infrared transient from a star engulfing a planet.
恒星吞噬行星时产生的红外瞬变。
12.Quantum critical dynamics in a 5,000-qubit programmable spin glass.
5,000 量子位可编程自旋玻璃中的量子临界动力学。
13.Two-dimensional ferroelectricity in a single-element bismuth monolayer.
单元素铋单层中的二维铁电性。
14.Photo-induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in YTiO3.
YTiO3 中光致高温铁磁性。
15.Electrically driven amplified spontaneous emission from colloidal quantum dots.
胶体量子点的电驱动放大自发发射。
16.Tracking cubic ice at molecular resolution.
以分子分辨率追踪立方冰。
17.Helical polymers for dissymmetric circularly polarized light imaging.
用于不对称圆偏振光成像的螺旋聚合物。
18.Bipolar impact and phasing of Heinrich-type climate variability.
海因里希型气候变率的两极影响和阶段性。
19.Rapid, buoyancy-driven ice-sheet retreat of hundreds of metres per day.
在浮力驱动下，冰盖每天快速后退数百米。
20.Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests.
流域范围内树木水力安全裕度的变化预测了亚马逊森林的碳平衡。
21.Reducing brassinosteroid signalling enhances grain yield in semi-dwarf wheat.
减少油菜素类固醇信号传导可提高半矮化小麦的籽粒产量。
22.Dynamic synchronization between hippocampal representations and stepping.
海马表征和步进之间的动态同步。
23.Export of defensive glucosinolates is key for their accumulation in seeds.
防御性芥子油苷的出口是其在种子中积累的关键。
24.PI3Kβ controls immune evasion in PTEN-deficient breast tumours.
PI3Kβ 控制 PTEN 缺陷型乳腺肿瘤的免疫逃避。
25.RBFOX2 modulates a metastatic signature of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer.
RBFOX2 调节胰腺癌选择性剪接的转移特征。
26.Alternative CDC20 translational isoforms tune mitotic arrest duration.
替代的 CDC20 翻译亚型可调节有丝分裂停滞持续时间。
27.Visualizing the disordered nuclear transport machinery in situ.
原位可视化无序的核运输机制。
28.Lesion recognition by XPC, TFIIH and XPA in DNA excision repair.
DNA 切除修复中 XPC、TFIIH 和 XPA 的病变识别。
29.De novo design of protein interactions with learned surface fingerprints.
蛋白质与学习的表面指纹相互作用的从头设计。
30.Structural basis of BAM-mediated outer membrane β-barrel protein assembly.
BAM 介导的外膜 β-桶蛋白组装的结构基础。
31.Cryptochrome–Timeless structure reveals circadian clock timing mechanisms.
隐花色素——永恒的结构揭示了生物钟计时机制。
32.mRNA decoding in human is kinetically and structurally distinct from bacteria.
人类的 mRNA 解码在动力学和结构上与细菌不同。
33.A redrawn map for the human motor cortex.
重新绘制的人类运动皮层图。
34.Superconducting qubits cover new distances.
超导量子位覆盖了新的距离。
35.Human pangenome supports analysis of complex genomic regions.
人类泛基因组支持复杂基因组区域的分析。
36.Salty seas sway global glacial cycles.
咸海影响着全球冰川周期。
37.COVID pandemic increased racial disparities in US prison populations.
新冠疫情大流行加剧了美国监狱人口的种族差异。
38.Compact [C II] emitters around a C IV absorption complex at redshift 5.7.
C IV 吸收复合物周围的紧凑型 [C II] 发射器，红移为 5.7。
39.Loophole-free Bell inequality violation with superconducting circuits.
超导电路无漏洞贝尔不等式违规。
40.Many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics with driven inhomogeneous emitters.
具有驱动非均匀发射器的多体腔量子电动力学。
41.Partitioning of diluted anyons reveals their braiding statistics.
稀释任意子的划分揭示了它们的编织统计数据。
42.Tunable electron–flexural phonon interaction in graphene heterostructures.
石墨烯异质结构中可调谐电子-弯曲声子相互作用。
43.Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays.
用于下一代显示器的 RGB microLED 的并行自组装。
44.High-throughput printing of combinatorial materials from aerosols.
从气溶胶中高通量打印组合材料。
45.Near-frictionless ion transport within triazine framework membranes.
三嗪骨架膜内近乎无摩擦的离子传输。
46.Indian Ocean salinity build-up primes deglacial ocean circulation recovery.
印度洋盐度的增加引发了冰消洋环流的恢复。
47.A draft human pangenome reference.
人类泛基因组参考草案。
48.Increased mutation and gene conversion within human segmental duplications.
人类片段重复中突变和基因转换增加。
49.Recombination between heterologous human acrocentric chromosomes.
异源人类近端着丝粒染色体之间的重组。
50.COVID-19 amplified racial disparities in the US criminal legal system.
COVID-19 加剧了美国刑事法律体系中的种族差异。
51.A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex.
躯体认知动作网络与运动皮层中的效应器区域交替。
52.Learnable latent embeddings for joint behavioural and neural analysis.
用于联合行为和神经分析的可学习潜在嵌入。
53.Inhibitory input directs astrocyte morphogenesis through glial GABABR.
抑制输入通过神经胶质 GABABR 指导星形胶质细胞形态发生。
54.Targeting PD-L2–RGMb overcomes microbiome-related immunotherapy resistance.
靶向 PD-L2–RGMb 克服了微生物组相关的免疫治疗耐药性。
55.A druggable copper-signalling pathway that drives inflammation.
一种可驱动炎症的可药物铜信号通路。
56.Noncoding translation mitigation.
非编码翻译缓解。
57.Complete integration of carbene-transfer chemistry into biosynthesis.
将卡宾转移化学完全整合到生物合成中。
58.Structural atlas of a human gut crassvirus.
人类肠道粗病毒的结构图谱。
59.Ligand and G-protein selectivity in the κ-opioid receptor.
κ-阿片受体中的配体和 G 蛋白选择性。
60.Quantifying the carbon benefits of ending bottom trawling.
量化结束底拖网捕捞的碳效益。
61.Reply to: Quantifying the carbon benefits of ending bottom trawling.
回复：量化结束底拖网捕捞的碳效益。
62.Ink that mimics the colour of incoming light.
模仿入射光颜色的墨水。
63.Clues to how water splits during photosynthesis.
关于水在光合作用过程中如何分裂的线索。
64.How thought itself can drive tumour growth.
思想本身如何驱动肿瘤生长。
65.Severe hepatitis outbreak in children linked to AAV2 virus.
与 AAV2 病毒相关的儿童严重肝炎爆发。
66.Organic catalyst opens way to energy-efficient chlorine production.
有机催化剂为节能氯生产开辟了道路。
67.5G networks enable automated control of train traffic.
5G 网络可实现列车交通的自动控制。
68.A radio-detected type Ia supernova with helium-rich circumstellar material.
一颗无线电探测到的 Ia 型超新星，具有富含氦的星周物质。
69.Photochemically produced SO2 in the atmosphere of WASP-39b.
WASP-39b 大气中光化学产生 SO2。
70.Nodeless electron pairing in CsV3Sb5-derived kagome superconductors.
CsV3Sb5 衍生的 kagome 超导体中的无节点电子配对。
71.Anomalous intense coherent secondary photoemission from a perovskite oxide.
钙钛矿氧化物的异常强相干二次光电子发射。
72.Photochromism from wavelength-selective colloidal phase segregation.
波长选择性胶体相分离产生的光致变色。
73.Mapping internal temperatures during high-rate battery applications.
绘制高倍率电池应用期间的内部温度图。
74.A 3D printable alloy designed for extreme environments.
专为极端环境设计的 3D 打印合金。
75.CO2-mediated organocatalytic chlorine evolution under industrial conditions.
工业条件下二氧化碳介导的有机催化氯析出。
76.Promoting active site renewal in heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts.
促进非均相烯烃复分解催化剂的活性位点更新。
77.Human-induced weakening of the Northern Hemisphere tropical circulation.
人为引起的北半球热带环流减弱。
78.Testosterone histories from tusks reveal woolly mammoth musth episodes.
象牙中的睾丸激素历史揭示了猛犸象的发情现象。
79.Widespread somatic L1 retrotransposition in normal colorectal epithelium.
正常结直肠上皮中广泛存在的体细胞 L1 逆转座。
80.Long-range inhibition synchronizes and updates prefrontal task activity.
长程抑制同步并更新前额叶任务活动。
81.Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A–E hepatitis.
患有非甲-戊型肝炎的儿童中腺相关病毒 2 感染。
82.Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children.
儿童不明原因急性肝炎的基因组研究。
83.Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis.
美国急性重型肝炎儿童中的 2 型腺相关病毒。
84.Profiling the human intestinal environment under physiological conditions.
分析生理条件下的人体肠道环境。
85.SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 增强剂可诱导人类从头 B 细胞反应。
86.Glioblastoma remodelling of human neural circuits decreases survival.
胶质母细胞瘤对人类神经回路的重塑会降低存活率。
87.Peroxisome biogenesis initiated by protein phase separation.
由蛋白质相分离启动的过氧化物酶体生物发生。
88.Formin-mediated nuclear actin at androgen receptors promotes transcription.
雄激素受体上福尔明介导的核肌动蛋白促进转录。
89.The electron–proton bottleneck of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.
光合作用析氧的电子-质子瓶颈。
90.Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II.
光系统 II 中 O2 形成过程中中间体的结构证据。
91.Phosphate-storing organelle discovered in fruit flies.
在果蝇中发现储存磷酸盐的细胞器。
92.Photon lights a path towards a nuclear clock.
光子照亮了通往核钟的道路。
93.A clue to the catalytic activation of splicing.
剪接催化激活的线索。
94.Cocktails of tags enhance resolution of microscopy technique.
标签混合物提高了显微镜技术的分辨率。
95.A step closer to making the mother of stem cells.
距离制造干细胞之母又近了一步。
96.From the archive: aggressive anemones, and Louis Pasteur’s birthday.
档案中的内容：攻击性的海葵和路易斯·巴斯德的生日。
97.Molecular basis for muscle loss that causes cachexia.
导致恶病质的肌肉损失的分子基础。
98.Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells.
用于环境可持续的钙钛矿太阳能电池的铅固定。
99.Atmospheric molecular blobs shape up circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars.
大气分子团形成了 AGB 恒星的星周包膜。
100.A temperate Earth-sized planet with tidal heating transiting an M6 star.
一颗地球大小的温带行星，具有潮汐加热，凌日于 M6 恒星。
101.Observation of the radiative decay of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer.
第229号核钟异构体辐射衰变的观察。
102.Ångström-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
埃分辨率荧光显微镜。
103.Flexible solar cells based on foldable silicon wafers with blunted edges.
基于具有钝边的可折叠硅片的柔性太阳能电池。
104.Constrained C2 adsorbate orientation enables CO-to-acetate electroreduction.
受约束的 C2 吸附物方向可实现 CO 电还原为乙酸盐。
105.Catalytic disconnection of C–O bonds in epoxy resins and composites.
环氧树脂和复合材料中 C-O 键的催化断裂。
106.Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat.
城市湿热导致潮湿气候中的高温风险增加。
107.The lunar solid inner core and the mantle overturn.
月球固体内核和地幔翻转。
108.De novo evolution of macroscopic multicellularity.
宏观多细胞生物的从头进化。
109.A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa.
人类起源于非洲的弱结构词干。
110.GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19.
GWAS 和荟萃分析确定了关键性 COVID-19 背后的 49 种基因变异。
111.Cortico-cortical feedback engages active dendrites in visual cortex.
皮质-皮质反馈参与视觉皮层中的活跃树突。
112.Multisensory learning binds neurons into a cross-modal memory engram.
多感官学习将神经元绑定到跨模式记忆印迹中。
113.A pan-grass transcriptome reveals patterns of cellular divergence in crops.
全草转录组揭示了作物细胞分化的模式。
114.Induction of mouse totipotent stem cells by a defined chemical cocktail.
通过确定的化学混合物诱导小鼠全能干细胞。
115.A phosphate-sensing organelle regulates phosphate and tissue homeostasis.
磷酸盐感应细胞器调节磷酸盐和组织稳态。
116.Microbial peptides activate tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma.
微生物肽激活胶质母细胞瘤中的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞。
117.Lysine catabolism reprograms tumour immunity through histone crotonylation.
赖氨酸分解代谢通过组蛋白巴豆酰化重新编程肿瘤免疫。
118.EDA2R–NIK signalling promotes muscle atrophy linked to cancer cachexia.
EDA2R-NIK 信号传导促进与癌症恶病质相关的肌肉萎缩。
119.RNA conformational propensities determine cellular activity.
RNA 构象倾向决定细胞活性。
120.Structural basis of catalytic activation in human splicing.
人体剪接催化激活的结构基础。
