虚拟语气 周洁老师版本笔记

虚拟语气

一·虚拟语气是什么？

虚拟表示非真实，1.与现实状况相反；2.假设情况。

二·怎样表示虚拟语气？

谓语动词变态（改变时态）

三·有多少种虚拟语气？

if虚拟条件句

名词性从句

情态动词

四·虚拟语气具体用法？

if虚拟条件句

if从句 主句

假设过去 had+done（was是been） have done

假设现在 did (were) do

假设将来 did(were)/were to do/should do （三种表达） do

口诀：从句往前推，主句4+1。

4指的是would、should、might、could，加上表格中的那个。

如果没有特殊要求，四个词都可以用，如果有要求，按词意选。

e.g. If I were you,I could make the decision.

错综（混合）时态的if虚拟条件句

根据从句、主句的时间，选对应的时态。

e.g. If you had married him, you would be the wife of a gas station attendant.

省略if的虚拟条件句倒装

如果从句谓语动词是助动词had,should,were, 省略if，将助动词提到主语前面，形成倒装。

had+主语（not）done

should+主语 + do

were +主语+ to do

省略if，从句部分倒装，主句不变。

If you had joined us, we would have had more fun.

Had you joined us,we would have had more fun.

含蓄的虚拟条件句

虚拟条件句表达“如果有”，用with；表达“如果没有”，用without或but for。根据句意，判断主句用什么时态。

With better strategy ,they would have won the battle.

If they had had better strategy, they would have won the battle.

Without/But for your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.

If we hadn’t had your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.

名词性从句的虚拟语气

1.wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（谓语动词在表达真实时态的基础上往前推一个时态）

I wish you had come to my birthday party.

2.表示“建议、要求、命令”等词语所引导的名词性从句要用虚拟语气，从句要用（should）+do。（不看人称，不看时态）

suggest, advise, propose, recommend, order, ask, demand, insist, require, request 等。

e.g. The engineers proposed they (should) look at the design again.

        The workers demanded they given the wages they should get.(被动语态）

特殊形式

I suggest that you should work harder.

My suggestion is that you should work harder.

That you should work harder is my suggestion.

Here is my suggestion that you should work harder.

情态动词虚拟（了解即可）

should+do （真实）表示“现在应该做”

should+have done（虚拟）表示“过去应该做”

过去本来应该做，但实际上未做

否定形式为 shouldn’t +have done 

should/could/might/need +have done (按照意思翻译即可）