红外伤眼论的浅显探讨
。其具体论调为“有多人反馈红外发射管式追踪器在使用时会导致眼干”以及在该公司老款产品（现已下架）的淘宝介绍中写道“有科学研究证明红外线会导致白内障”
笔者在翻阅了相关权威机构的文献后写下这篇文章。
文献来源：ICNIRPVisible_Infrared2013
在该文献中记录的红外线对人眼的危险阈值为50 MJ m-2，同时只有长期暴露在高水平的红外线辐照中才有诱发白内障的风险，且在如钢铁工人以及玻璃工人出现的红外线诱发白内障的辐照环境是800-4000 W m-2
原文如下
In the anterior segment of the eye, opacification of
the cornea or the lens are the major effects of concern after
exposure to IRR. However, damage of the cornea is only
possible if intense radiation is focused onto the cornea. Forthe lens, chronic exposure to high levels of IRR potentially causes cataract. For exposure to intense pulsed light
sources at close proximity to the eye, thermally induced
damage of the iris is a concern (Sutter and Landau 2003;
Javey et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2011).
Threshold exposures for lenticular changes caused by
IR-A are of the order of 50 MJ mj2 (Pitts and Cullen
1981). Similar levels have been reported using an Nd:YAG
laser operating at 1064 nm (Wolbarsht 1978, 1991). The
temperature rise in the lens was estimated to be several
degrees (Scott 1988a and b). Glass and steel workers exposed in hot environments to infrared irradiances of the
order of 800Y4,000 W mj2 daily for 10Y15 y have reportedly developed lenticular opacities (Lydahl 1984).
该文献还指出，”在多数情况下，发射的红外光照对于人体健康没有影响“以及”在某些不寻常的暴露条件下，潜在的危险
暴露的机会。例子包括：电弧焊、
在研究实验室中使用一些弧光灯，在摄影中使用非常高的闪光灯，在红外灯下使用的红外灯。
在摄影中使用非常高的闪光灯，用于监视和加热的红外灯，一些医疗诊断应用，甚至打印和复印。
监视和加热的红外灯，一些医疗诊断应用，甚至打印和复印。过多的光线和IRR通常被过滤或挡板化，以减少不适。“
原文如下
“Optical radiation from artificial sources is used in a
wide variety of industrial, consumer, scientific and medical applications, and in most cases the light and infrared energy emitted is not hazardous to the general public.
However, people with certain medical conditions may be
at risk from exposures that are otherwise innocuous. In
certain unusual exposure conditions, potentially hazardous
exposures are accessible. Examples include; arc welding,
use of some arc lamps in research laboratories, very high
intensity flash lamps in photography, infrared lamps for
surveillance and heating, a number of medical diagnostic applications, and even printing and photocopying. Excessive light and IRR are typically filtered or baffled to”
在另外一篇记载了明确导致迅速的形成晶状体白内障的文献中则有如下表述
“调查和流行病学研究表明，在玻璃和钢铁行业的工人中，白内障的发病率有所增加。
玻璃和钢铁行业工人的白内障发病率增加。这些白内障与暴露在强烈的红外辐射中有关
(IR)所发出的强烈红外线。热学模型的计算结果表明
近红外和远红外会以不同的机制引起白内障。本研究调查了
近红外的白内障形成。色素兔的眼睛被暴露在波长为808
纳米的红外线。通过裂隙灯显微镜评估眼睛前段的形态变化、
在红外照射期间，观察了眼球前房的温度分布。
使用微胶囊热变色液晶观察眼球前房的温度分布。暴露的虹膜下方出现皮质性白内障。
暴露在1.27W∙cm-2或更高的辐照度下6分钟的眼睛，在虹膜的暴露区域下面出现了皮质白内障。
监测到的前房温度在与虹膜暴露区相邻的区域开始上升。
随着红外照射的开始，前房的监测温度开始在虹膜暴露区域附近增加。这些结果表明，808纳米的红外线在虹膜内被吸收并转化为热量。
吸收并转化为虹膜内的热量，然后传导到晶状体并产生白内障。
白内障，正如戈德曼理论所述。”
原文如下
“Surveys and epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of cataracts in workers in
the glass and steel industries. These cataracts are associated with exposure to intense infrared radiation
(IR) emitted from heated materials and industrial furnaces. Thermal model calculations predicted that
near and far IR would cause cataract with different mechanisms. The present study investigated
cataract formation by near IR. Eyes of pigmented rabbits were exposed to IR at a wavelength of 808
nm. Morphological changes in the anterior segment of the eye were assessed by slit-lamp microscopy,
and temperature distributions in the anterior chamber of the eye were observed during IR exposure
using microencapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals. Cortical cataract appeared below the exposed
area of the iris in eyes that had been exposed for 6 minutes to an irradiance of 1.27 W∙cm-2 or higher.
The monitored temperature in the anterior chamber began to increase in the region adjacent to the
exposed area of the iris with the onset of IR exposure. These results demonstrate that 808-nm IR is
absorbed and converted to heat within the iris, which is then conducted to the lens and produce a
cataract, as Goldmann theory states.”
文献链接 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/php.13342
根据上述文献，可以知道的是对于短期导致红外线诱导白内障需要的辐照强度是很高的，而且长期健康风险需要长期处在高辐照环境下才有可能达到。
对于照射强度的理解，笔者用一个不恰当的例子，一流明含有的电磁波能量只有1.47毫瓦，而流明的定义是“半径为1米的单位圆球上，1平米的球冠所对应的球锥所代表的角度，其对应中截面的圆心角约65°受到一根蜡烛的光照强度。而上述文章提供的能量强度最低也有800W m-2。显然这种等级的辐照强度不亚于用手电能发出的光照强度。由此我们就可知道“红外线伤眼”这种论调基本上等同于不谈剂量谈伤害了。
