外刊逐句精读|《金融时报》:硅谷最美女骗子的滴血骗局|CATTI一级译员外刊精

20220104《金融时报》:硅谷最美女骗子的滴血骗局
红色:主句主干部分 蓝色:从句主干部分 黄色:从句连词、关系代词 ():修饰成分,包括定语、状语等 灰色:插入语 下划线:词汇词组 绿色:词根词缀 连词
思考题
有哪几条给投资者的经验教训?
全文扩展了哪些背景知识?
Five investor lessons from the downfall of Elizabeth Holmes
Theranos: five investor lessons (from the downfall (of Elizabeth Holmes)
Theranos:伊丽莎白·霍姆斯倒台给投资者的五个教训
A proposition that seems too good to be true generally will be
一个看起来好到不真实的提案通常的确是不真实的。
- Theranos = therapy(治疗) + diagnosis(诊断)
- downfall n. 衰败,垮台,堕落
- proposition n. 提案
business proposition 商业提案
- too good to be true 好得难以令人相信
Blood-testing start-up Theranos has become a parable (of Silicon Valley over-reach). But the trial (of founder Elizabeth Holmes), who has just been found guilty of fraud, contains wider lessons (for investors). Here are five:
血液检测初创公司 Theranos 已成为硅谷企业不自量力的一个经典案例。 但刚刚被判犯有欺诈罪的创始人伊丽莎白霍姆斯的审判为投资者提供了更广泛的教训。 这里有五个:
- blood test n.验血
- start-up n.初创企业
- parable n.(道德或宗教)寓言
- overreach v./n. 不自量力
- overreach oneself
The company overreached itself financially. 该公司的做法超出其经济实力。
- trial n. 审判;
find sb. guilty/not guilty of sth. 认为某人有/无....罪;
- fraud n. 欺诈罪
段落大意:
引出话题:Theranos和Elizabeth Holmes的垮台能给投资者带来什么教训?
First, they should apply scientific scepticism to fantastical scientific claims.
首先,面对不切实际的科学主张,他们(投资者)应该怀有科学怀疑精神。
- scepticism n. 怀疑态度
sceptical a. 怀疑的
sceptic n. 持怀疑态度的人
- fantastical adj. 荒诞的,不切实际的
= fantastic
fantasy n. 幻想,主张
- claim n. 断言、主张
The starting point here should have been Theranos’s claims it had cracked the problem (of drawing blood) (for tests) (from a finger).
这里的出发点应该是 Theranos 声称它已经解决了从手指抽取血液进行测试的问题。
claims后面是一个省略了that的同位语从句,具体说明claims的内容
- crack v. 找到解决方法
- to crack the enemy's code 破译敌人的密码
- draw v. 抽出、吸出
to draw water from a well 从井中抽水
Capillary blood, unlike venous blood (drawn from an arm), contains fluids (from tissues and cells) that make measurements less accurate.
与静脉血从手臂抽取不同,毛细血管血含有来自组织和细胞的液体,这会降低测量的准确性。
- capillary adj. 毛细血管的 n. 毛细血管
- venous adj. 静脉的
vein n. 静脉
- artery n. 动脉
arterial a. 动脉的
段落大意:
启示1:对不切实际的科研创意应抱有科学怀疑精神。
Hype is intrinsic (to the culture (of Silicon Valley).
炒作是硅谷文化的固有特质。
- hype n. 炒作
- intrinsic adj. 内在的、固有的
be intrinsic to sth. 是某事的固有特质
The computer industry’s marketing inspired the term “vapourware” (back (in the 1980s).
早在 1980 年代,计算机行业的营销就激发了“雾件”这一概念。
- marketing n. 营销
- vapourware n. 雾件
vapour(蒸汽)+ ware(software, hardware的后缀,表示“用于操作计算机的物件”),指那些在开发前就大肆宣传,最后却可能压根不会问世的产品,看得见,却摸不着,因此被称为“雾件”。
But overpromising and underdelivering is unacceptable (in healthcare), where real human misery may result.
但在医疗保健领域,过度承诺和未能完全兑现是不可接受的,因为这可能会导致真正的人类苦难。
- overpromise vt. 过度承诺、夸下海口
- underdeliver vt. 未能完全兑现
- misery n. 痛苦、苦难;
- result v. 发生
段落大意:
补充启示1:虽然硅谷的很多科技企业都会炒作,但虚假炒作对医疗行业来说会带来严重后果。
Second, investors must distinguish between sensible protection (for intellectual property) and secrecy) (so intense it signals cover-ups).
其次,投资者必须区分对知识产权的合理保护和严密到足以掩盖事实的保密措施。
主句部分包含一个distinguish between A and B的结构,so....(that).....作后置定语修饰secrecy
- distinguish v. 区分、辨别
distinguish between A and B 区分A与B
- sensible adj. 合理的
- intellectual property(IP) n. 知识产权
- secrecy n. 保密(注意与secret区分)
- signal vt. 表明,标志
- cover-up n. 掩饰、隐瞒
cover up v. 掩饰、隐瞒
(Having secured patents), there was no reason why Theranos should not have made its proprietary equipment available (for testing) (by independent experts), who would have published findings (in a peer-reviewed journal).
获得专利后,Theranos 没有理由不将其专有设备提供给独立专家进行测试,这些专家会在同行评审期刊上发表研究结果。
现在分词短语having....作伴随状语修饰整个句子,why引导的定语从句修饰reason,解释说明原因;who引导的定语从句解释说明independent experts,would have done是虚拟语气,表示对过去的假设,“本来会做某事”。
- secure vt. 获得
- patent n. 专利
- proprietary adj. 专营的、专利的
propr- 自己的
property n. 财产
proprietor n. 业主
proprioception n. 本体感觉
- peer n. 同龄人、地位相当的人
peer-reviewed a. 实行同行审议制度的(学术圈的常见词汇,它本身是一种学术成果审查程序,即一位作者的学术著作被同一领域的其他专家学者评审。同行评审程序的主要目的是确保作者的著作水平符合一般学术与该学科领域的标准。)
段落大意:
启示2:投资者要区分正常的保密工作和掩盖事实的做法。
(In healthcare), that sort of transparency is essential — though there are growing concerns (that) Silicon Valley’s paranoid culture is eroding it.
在医疗保健领域,这种透明度至关重要——尽管人们越来越担心硅谷的偏执文化正在侵蚀它。
- transparency n. 透明
- concern n. 担心
- paranoid adj. 多疑的,偏执的
paranoia n. 被害妄想症,偏执症
- erode vt. 削弱、损害
John Ioannidis, a Stanford professor and early sceptic on Theranos, co-authored a paper (showing that) more than half of healthcare unicorns have few citations of their work.
斯坦福大学教授、Theranos早期怀疑论者 John Ioannidis 与人合著了一篇论文,显示超过一半的医疗保健独角兽的工作成果很少有人引用。
- sceptic n. 持怀疑态度的人
- co-author vt. 合著 n. (文章或书)的合著者
- unicorn n. 独角兽(企业):成立不到10年但估值10亿美元以上,又还没在股票市场上市的科技创业公司,目前全球市值最高的独角兽是字节跳动
- citation n. 引用
段落大意:
补充启发2:在医疗领域,透明至关重要,但Theranos一直刻意隐藏。
The third lesson is that charisma carries some bosses (further than their capabilities merit).
第三个教训是,一些老板的能力配不上他们的个人魅力。
- charisma n. 人格魅力
- capability n. 能力
- merit v. 应得,值得 = deserve
The case does not merit further investigation. 这个案子不值得进一步调查。
Holmes’s status (as a rare female) (in a male-dominated world) combined with her self-belief and charisma to create a “halo” effect that stifled disbelief.
霍姆斯在男性主导的世界中作为罕见女性的地位,加上她的自信和魅力,创造了一种扼杀怀疑的“光环”效应。
核心结构为A combine with B to create sth.
- male-dominated a. 由男性主导的
- self-belief n. 自信
- halo effect 晕轮效应,光环效应
halo指的是天使头上的光环。晕轮/光环效应是指人们对他人的认知首先根据初步印象,然后再从这个印象推论出认知对象的其他特质。一个人如果被标明是好的,他或她就会被一种积极肯定的光环笼罩,并被赋予一切都好的品质。如果一个人被标明是坏的,他或她就被一种消极否定的光环所笼罩,并被认为具有各种坏品质
- stifled v. 阻止,压制
- disbelief n. 不信,怀疑
Her charm and plausibility have been compared to that of Bernard Madoff, the US financier who perpetrated the largest Ponzi scheme (in history).
她的魅力和可信度已与犯下历史上最大庞氏骗局的美国金融家伯纳德·麦道夫相提并论。
- charm n. 美丽,吸引力
- plausibility n. 貌似合理性,能说会道
financier a. 貌似合理的
- financier n. 金融家,理财家
perpetrated v. 做(坏事)
Ponzi scheme 庞氏骗局
最常见的一种传销手段,简言之就是利用新投资人的钱来向老投资者支付利息和短期回报,以制造赚钱的假象,进而骗取更多的投资。但事实上这个空壳公司并没有真正的业务,也没有产生过利润,有的只是不断地吸纳新投资人的钱。
段落大意:
启示3:提防某些创始人名不副实的个人魅力。
Fourth, investors must make their own minds up (on a business), (discounting celebrity endorsements).
第四,投资者必须对企业做出自己的决定,不盲目相信名人代言。
现在分词短语discounting....作伴随状语
- make up one's mind 决定
- discount v. 对....不全信,不重视
- celebrity n. 名人
- endorsement n. 宣传,代言,支持
Holmes cosied up to establishment titans such as George Shultz, Jim Mattis and Henry Kissinger.
霍姆斯拉拢了一批权威人士,如乔治·舒尔茨、吉姆·马蒂斯和亨利·基辛格。
- cosy up to sb 巴结,讨好
- establishment n. 权威派
- titan n. 巨人,伟人
- titanic a. 巨大的,极其重要的
She created the illusion that her technology was validated (using the logos (of pharmaceutical groups (such as Pfizer) (on Theranos documents).
通过在 Theranos文件上使用辉瑞等制药集团的标志,她创造了一种错觉,即她的技术是得到验证的。
- illusion n. 错觉
- validate v. 验证,证实
- pharmaceutical a. 制药的
段落大意:
启示4:不要盲目相信大咖站台。
The bigwigs (gulled by Holmes) avoid a portion of hindsight blame (by virtue of her penchant (for fraud).
由于霍姆斯对诈骗的嗜好,被她欺骗的大佬们可以避免一部分事后的指责。
- bigwig n. 大人物
- gull v. 哄骗,欺骗
- hindsight n. 事后的认识,后见之明
- by virtue of 凭借,由于
- penchant n. 爱好,嗜好
- fraud n. 诈骗
But there was also a glaring illogicality (in their mistake).
但他们的错误也有明显的不合理之处。
- glaring a. 明显的
- illogicality n. 不合理
illogical a. 不合理的
It was to assume big breakthroughs are as likely (in the intractable physical world) — in this case, blood testing — as they are (in manipulable cyber space).
假设在棘手的物质世界(在这种情况下是血液检测)中出现重大突破的可能性跟在可操纵的网络空间中一样。
assume后面跟省略了that的宾语从句,破折号之间为插入语。宾语从句的核心结构big breakthroughs are as likely in... as they are in...
- assume v. 设定,认为
- intractable a. 棘手的
- manipulable a. 可以操纵的
- manipulate v. 操纵,操控
- cyber space 网络空间
段落大意:
补充启发4:虽然霍姆斯的确是主动行骗,但这些相信谎言的大人物也有责任。
The fifth lesson is that a proposition that seems too good to be true generally will be.
第五个教训是,一个看起来好得不真实的的提案通常就是不真实的。
段落大意:
启示5:天上不会掉馅饼。
文章结构

思考题


1. 有哪几条给投资者的经验教训?
• First, they should apply scientific scepticism to fantastical scientific claims.
• Second, investors must distinguish between sensible protection for intellectual property and secrecy so intense it signals cover-ups.
• The third lesson is that charisma carries some bosses further than their capabilities merit.
• Fourth, investors must make their own minds up on a business, discounting celebrity endorsements.
• The fifth lesson is that a proposition that seems too good to be true generally will be.
2. 背景词汇积累
硅谷相关:
• Theranos, Elizabeth Holmes
• hype, vapourware
• paranoid, paranoia
• unicorn
• halo effect
科研相关:
• peer-reviewed journal
• artery-vein-capillary
金融相关:
• Ponzi scheme
• Bernard Madoff