【TED演讲稿】如何在不造成绅士化的前提下复兴一个社区？

TED演讲者：Bree Jones / 布里·琼斯

演讲标题：How to revitalize a neighborhood -- without gentrification / 如何在不造成绅士化的前提下复兴一个社区？

内容概要：The housing market can be vexing: while some neighborhoods get ridiculously expensive and price out longtime residents, others have historic homes sitting vacant without demand. Equitable housing developer and TED Fellow Bree Jones shares how she found a way to revitalize neighborhoods experiencing hyper-vacancy while preventing gentrification -- supporting home buyers and transforming communities along the way.

住房市场可以令人烦恼：当一些社区的房价高到离谱，使长期居住的人们被赶走时，另一些历史悠久的房屋却因无购房需求而被空置。公平住房开发者和TED伙伴布里·琼斯（Bree Jones）分享了她是如何找到一种既能复兴被过度空置的社区，又能防止绅士化的方法——在支持购房者的过程中改变社区。

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【1】Picture this.

想象一下。

【2】You have the opportunity to own a beautiful home in a historic neighborhood with deep cultural roots designed by some of the best urban planners in the world.

你有机会在一个历史悠久、 文化底蕴深厚的社区, 拥有一栋美丽的房子, 由全世界最好的城市规划师设计。

【3】all in a charming waterfront city.

坐落在一座迷人的滨水城市。

【4】You'd want to live here, right?

你会想住在这里的,对吧？

【5】But what if I told you that this home was in an area of Baltimore called the Black Butterfly, where block after block of these beautiful historic row homes sit vacant and are negatively valued, meaning that the cost to repair each home is actually more than what the market says it's worth.

但如果我告诉你 这栋房子位于巴尔的摩 一个被称为“黑蝴蝶”的地区。 成片的排屋美丽又富有历史气息, 但是都空置着, 而且估价为负值, 这意味着修复每栋房屋的成本 实际上超过了它的市场价值。

【6】Somehow the market must be broken. Right?

市场一定是出了什么问题,对吧？

【7】What's going on here?

这到底是怎么回事？

【8】I’ve been studying the way housing markets work -- or don’t work -- for the last decade.

过去十年,我一直在研究 住房市场的功过。

【9】I started my career in investment finance on Wall Street, but when my hometown on the outskirts of New York City began to be gentrified, it pushed me into becoming a housing advocate.

我的职业生涯始于 在华尔街从事投资金融。 但当我位于纽约郊区的家乡 开始“绅士化” （或“中产阶层化”）时, 它促使我成为了住房倡导者。

【10】I learned more about the racist policies mandated by federal and local governments like redlining and urban renewal that gutted once thriving Black communities across the country and prevented Black citizens from building wealth through homeownership.

我对联邦和地方政府强制执行的 种族主义政策有了更多的了解, 如拒绝贷款和城市重建, 破坏了全国各地 曾经繁荣的黑人社区, 并阻止黑人公民 通过拥有住房来创造财富。

【11】These communities typically face two trajectories.

这些社区通常面临两条发展轨迹。

【12】The first is a downward spiral, where political and financial disinvestment causes hypervacancy and decay that pushes people out of a neighborhood.

第一条是恶性循环。 政治和金融撤资 导致的过度空缺和衰败 迫使人们离开社区。

【13】Big banks see this exodus as confirmation that these neighborhoods are risky, defeated, unredeemable.

大银行认为居民大批离去的情况 证明了这些社区是有风险的、 失败的、无药可救的。

【14】And so without investment, the cycle of distress continues.

因此,如果没有投资, 这个困境循环就会继续。

【15】The second trajectory is gentrification, where developers are able to capitalize off of this distress by buying undervalued properties, pumping money into them

第二条轨迹是绅士化。 开发商可以利用这种困境 通过购买估值偏低的房产, 向其注入资金

【16】without considering the needs or wants of legacy residents, and then renting or reselling them at much, much higher costs, causing displacement.

而不考虑原住民的需求或愿望。 然后以高得多的价格 出租或转售这些房产, 造成居民被迫迁离。

【17】So my question became: Can we do development without displacement?

因此,我的问题变成了: 我们能否在不造成被迫迁离的情况下 对社区进行开发？

【18】Is there another way?

有没有别的方式？

【19】I quit my job on Wall Street and moved to Baltimore, the city that birthed redlining, with a single suitcase to find out.

我从华尔街辞职并搬去了巴尔的摩, 那个诞生了“拒绝贷款”政策的城市, 我带着一个行李箱去寻找答案。

【20】My first inclination was to meet with investors and, you know, to raise funds for my idea.

我第一个意愿是与投资者见面, 为我的想法筹集资金。

【21】And I was literally laughed out of the room.

我被人嘲笑着拒绝了。

【22】They said that my idea was impossible and that we would build homes that would sit empty for lack of demand.

他们说我的想法是不可能实现的。 我们建造的房屋 会因为缺乏需求而被空置。

【23】But I knew in my heart of hearts that that wasn't true.

但我心里明白 那不是真的。

【24】Unexpectedly in that moment, being rejected by investors was the most important moment in my journey, because I realized that we didn't need big institutions to affirm the value of our communities.

那时候没想到, 被投资者拒绝 是我旅程中最重要的时刻。 因为我意识到我们不需要大机构 来证实我们社区的价值。

【25】We’d affirm our own value through social capital.

我们会通过社会资本 来证明自己的价值。

【26】And so I started my non-profit, Parity, which creates upfront demand for homeownership opportunities in neighborhoods experiencing hypervacancy simply by tapping into existing social networks.

因此,我创办了 自己的非盈利组织Parity, 在过度空置的社区创造 对购房机会的前期需求, 只需要通过挖掘现有的社交网络 便可达成。

【27】What started as an idea from just one has grown into a collective movement of eight, then 19 and now 44 future homeowners.

一开始仅是一个人的想法, 后来发展成了一个 由八人组成的集体活动, 然后是十九人, 现在是四十四位未来房主。

【28】All through word of mouth.

全部通过口口相传。

【29】And we have a waitlist of over --

我们有一个等待名单……

【30】(Applause) Thank you.

（掌声） 谢谢。

【31】Thank you.

谢谢。

【32】And we now have a waitlist of over 100 people wanting to join our intentional community.

我们的等待名单上现在有超过一百人 希望能加入我们这个理念社区。

【33】Like Yolanda, who's ready to buy a home to leave a legacy for her daughters.

如尤兰达（Yolanda）, 准备买房子 以给女儿们留下一份遗产。

【34】Or Jenee, a fourth-generation Baltimorean whose father vividly remembers the demolition of black homes to make way for a highway to nowhere.

或者詹妮（Jenee）, 第四代巴尔的摩居民, 其父亲清楚地记得 黑人居民住宅被拆毁, 以便为一条不通往任何地方的 高速公路让路。

【35】Ako, whose family left West Baltimore when he was just a baby but now is coming back home to his origins to be part of the revitalization.

阿科（Ako）,他的家人在他 还是个婴儿时就离开了西巴尔的摩, 但现在回到了他的家乡, 加入复兴行动。

【36】And Modinat, who like me, came to Baltimore from New York to settle down and build a future.

还有莫迪纳（Modinat）, 和我一样从纽约来到巴尔的摩, 定居下来,创造未来。

【37】There are three key reasons why our work is transformational.

有三个关键原因说明 我们的工作是变革性的。

【38】The first is that we are leading the purchase and renovation of dozens of decades-long abandoned buildings and reselling them at deeply affordable price points.

第一个是我们正在领导 数十栋废弃长达数十年的 建筑的购买和翻新, 并将其以非常实惠的价格进行转售。

【39】The second is that we not only support our homebuyers to become credit-qualified and mortgage-approved, but we're creating the opportunity for folks to build deep social bonds and friendships with their future neighbors.

第二个是我们不仅支持我们的购房者 获得信贷资格和抵押贷款许可, 同时也在为人们创造与他们未来邻居 建立深厚的社交联系和友谊的机会。

【40】And three, we're preventing the displacement of legacy residents by ensuring that they have the resources that they need to stay in their homes and transfer their wealth to the next generation.

第三,我们正在防止 原住民被迫迁移, 确保他们拥有能够 让他们继续住在自己家中的资源 并将他们的财富传给下一代。

【41】We're healing the social fabric of the neighborhood as we're rebuilding the built environment.

在我们重建建筑环境的同时, 我们正在修复社区中的社会结构。

【42】Contrary to the dominant narrative, there absolutely is demand for housing in historically Black neighborhoods devastated by racist policy.

与主流说法相反的是, 被种族主义政策摧毁的、 历史悠久的黑人社区里, 绝对存在住房需求。

【43】We've tapped into a hunger and appetite hiding in the blind spots of the traditional capital markets.

我们已经挖掘出隐藏在 传统资本市场盲区中的 饥渴和欲望。

【44】Remember those folks that laughed me out of the room?

还记得那些嘲笑着拒绝我的人吗？

【45】Well, we have more -- Within just two years' time, we now have more demand for our homes than we have homes.

我们有更多—— 在短短两年的时间内, 如今我们的住房供不应求。

【46】We're sold out.

我们的住房已经售罄。

【47】And so can we do development without displacement?

所以我们能否在不造成 被迫迁离的情况下进行开发？

【48】We absolutely can.

我们当然可以。

【49】Thank you.

谢谢。

【50】(Applause)