修蹄、钉蹄的学问有多大？

最近在翻译修蹄、钉蹄的视频。

好多词疯狂卡壳，翻译不出来。

头又秃了不少。

然后我才发现，蹄铁师他们是有自己的行话的！所以，在po视频之前，咱还是先了解一下他们的行话吧。要不然你看我翻译的视频就更是云里雾里了。这样理解视频就更easy了？？？

 

1.解剖术语

Coronary Band (or Coronet): the hairline at the very top ofthe hoof, all the way around

蹄缘：马蹄上方边缘与皮肤连接的地方，一圈被毛叫发际线（hairline，我想不到更合适的词了）
Hoof Wall (or Horn): the hard, outer most layer of the hoof

蹄壁（角质）：马蹄坚硬的外层
Frog: the softer triangular area that starts at the back ofthe bottom of the hoof and moves to a point in the center

蹄叉：质地较软的三角形，起于马蹄底部后方，向前延伸至中心一点
Sole: the bottom of the foot, from the frog forwards

蹄底：马蹄底部，蹄叉往前的部分
Heel: the back part of the horse’s hoof

蹄踵：马蹄的后侧部分
Toe: the front of the horse’s foot

蹄尖：马蹄的前方
Quarter: the sides of the hoof wall

蹄侧壁：蹄壁的侧面

White Line: the band that wraps around the hoof (visiblefrom the bottom) and joins the hoof wall and the sole

白线：蹄底部可见，围绕蹄子一圈，蹄壁和蹄底的接合部位

 

Bars: extensions of the hoof wall that turn-in at the heeland run partway along the frog

蹄支：是蹄壁的一部分，蹄壁在蹄踵部位向内沿着蹄叉延伸
Bulbs: these are the softer cushions at the very back of the bottom of the horse's foot; they form the external part of the digital cushion

蹄球：马蹄后方，蹄踵上方的柔软肉垫，是蹄垫的体外部分 

Digital Cushion: the fatty area at the rear of the horse's foot that forms the interior of the frog and the bulbs of the heel

蹄垫：马蹄后方的脂肪组织，是蹄叉和蹄球的体内部分

Hoof Capsule: comprises the hoof wall, sole, frog and bulbsof the heels

蹄匣：由蹄壁、蹄底、蹄叉和蹄球构成 

Laminae: thebone and hoof wall both have structures call laminae attached to them and these laminae interlock with each other to form a very tight bond

小叶：蹄骨和蹄壁的共有结构，附着于蹄骨和蹄壁的小叶相互交合形成紧密的连接 

 Breakover Point: the part of the sole still on the ground when the hoof begins to pivot as the horse moves forward and the heels lift

离地点：马蹄开始离地，蹄踵要抬起，蹄底部分还未离地

2. 马的动作

Brushing (or Interfering): when a horse strikes its opposite leg withthe hoof that’s in the air

Brushing (or Interfering)：用蹄子踢对侧的腿 

Dishing (or Winging): when the hoof swings inward as ittravels, instead of going in a straight line

Dishing (or Winging):：走路的时候腿往里撇
Forging (or overreaching): when ahorse strikes its front legs with the toe of a back foot

Forging (or overreaching): 后腿的蹄尖踢前腿

Paddling: when the hoof swings outas it travels

Paddling：走路时腿往外撇

Plaiting (or Rope Walking): when the horse moves one foot directlyin front of the other

Plaiting (or Rope Walking): 一支蹄子踩在另一支蹄子的正前方，这是猫步吧

 3. 蹄铁的作用
Balance the Foot: trim the foot such that both lateral andmedial sides are symmetrical in shape and size and the foot sits level on ahard, level surface

平衡蹄子：马蹄内侧和外侧的形状和大小修的对称，蹄马蹄在坚硬的平地上是水平的

Change the Breakover: alter the way a horse’s foot leavesthe ground, usually to lessen the leverage so the footcomes off the ground more easily

调整breakover（离地）：改变马蹄离地的方式，通常是减少杠杆作用，使蹄子离地更轻松ColdShoe: when a farrier shapes a shoe without heating it before affixing it to the horse’s hoof

蹄铁冷装：在钉蹄之前，钉蹄师没有利用加热给蹄铁塑型

HotShoe (or Hot Setting): when a farrier heats up a shoe, shapes it to a horse’s foot and quickly places it on the foot before cooling it and affixing it

蹄铁热装：蹄铁加热塑型，在冷却和钉蹄之前，放在马蹄上

Level the Foot: trim the foot such that the heels, the toe,and the quarters of the hoof are even, relative to each other, and the footsits evenly on a hard, level surface

平整蹄子：修剪蹄踵、蹄尖以及蹄侧壁使其平整、连续，蹄子在坚硬的平地上是水平的

Raise (or Lower) a Heel: change the angle of the hoof eitherby leaving (or removing) more heel or using a pad or specialized shoe to get the desired hoof angle. Usually done to relieve stress on specific hoof or lower leg structures

增高（或降低）蹄踵：通过削去更多的蹄踵、或者使用特殊的蹄铁来改变蹄子的角度。通常是为了缓解下肢结构或蹄子的压力    

                                   

Resect the Hoof Wall: remove a section of outer hoof wall toexpose an area with a bacterial or fungal infection

切除蹄壁：切除外层蹄壁的一部分，露出细菌或真菌感染的区域

Rocker a Shoe: when the front of the shoe is mildly angled and lifted slightlyoff the ground to manipulate where the horse breaks over

Rocker a Shoe：蹄铁的蹄尖部分有一些弧度，稍微离地，用来调整breakover（离地）的过程
Roll a Shoe: when a farrier rasps (or grinds) off the very bottom of the toe ofa shoe, creating a less steep shoe angle to help the horse’s foot break overmore easily

Roll a Shoe：锉掉蹄铁蹄尖部分的底部，形成一个不太尖锐的蹄尖，使马蹄breakover（离地）更容易

Set a Shoe: placing the shoe slightly back and behind thehorse’s toe and then shortening the toe to ease breakover

Set a Shoe：和rolling a shoe 合用，把蹄铁放在较蹄尖稍后的位置，缩短蹄尖，使breakover（离地）更容易

P.S. 英文和图片均来源于网络，中文是我自己翻译的。蹄铁师的行话我就不硬翻译了，咱知道是咋回事，看视频的时候不懵就行了。过两天还会再细说其中的几个词，比如breakover，真的是打开新世界的大门！

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