Lesson 12 Life on a desert island

·单词（单词出现次数的数据来源为【不背单词】App，引用的时间是2023年10月）

desert island (title) n.    荒岛【0】【0】

    ·uninhabited island    无人岛

    ·coral island    珊瑚岛

    ·volcanic island    火山岛

    ·archipelago n.    群岛

        ·the Indonesian archipelago    印度尼西亚群岛

    ·peninsula n.    半岛

        ·the Korean peninsula    朝鲜半岛

unrealistic adj.    不真实的【7】【13】

paradise n.    天堂,乐土,伊甸园【9】【2】

    ·heaven n.    天堂

    ·the Garden of Eden    伊甸园

    ·be a paradise for sb.    心目中理想的地方

        ·Hawaii is a paradise for surfers.    夏威夷是冲浪者的天堂

        ·California is a paradise for sun lovers.    加州是阳光爱好者的天堂

        ·可替换为 be a Mecca/mecca for ...

wretched adj.    可怜的,艰苦的【0】【1】

    ·lead a wretched life    过着悲惨的生活

    ·可替换为 poor    pitiful    pathetic

    ·wretch n.    不幸的人，可怜的人

        ·The poor wretch begs in the street.    这个可怜虫在街上乞讨

    ·wreck n.    健康（或精神）严重受损的人

        ·Poor man, mentally a wreck.    可怜的人，精神崩溃，脑残

starve v.  挨饿【8】【2】

    ·He starved to death in the desert.    他在沙漠中饿死了

    ·I'm starving.    我饿极了，饿的前胸贴后背了

    ·hunger n.    饥饿感；饥饿 & v.    渴求，渴望；挨饿

        ·satisfy one's hunger    吃饱肚子

    ·hunger for ...    对 ... 如饥似渴(渴求，渴望得到)

        ·I hunger for your touch.    我渴望你的触摸

    ·thirst n.    渴，口渴 & v.    口渴；渴望，渴求

        ·satisfy/quench one's thirst    解渴

    ·thirst for ...    渴望，渴求 ...

        ·The students thirst for knowledge.    学生们渴望知识

    ·satisfy v.    使满足

        ·Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.    让我们不要为了满足我们对自由的渴望而喝下苦涩和仇恨的苦酒

            ·seek to do = try to do    试图做某事

    ·quench v.    （喝水）止（渴）

        ·Susan awoke that night alone and parched, but as she gazed out her window, she saw the tall drink of water she needed to quench her thirst.    那天晚上，苏珊独自醒来，浑身干渴，但当她向窗外望去时，她看到了她需要喝的一大杯水

            ·parched adj.    非常口渴的(比 thirst 更渴)

element n.  成分；元素，要素【20】【21】

    ·there is an element of truth in ...    某个东西 ... 有点道理

        ·There is an element of truth in his words.    他的话有点道理

    ·chemical element    化学元素

    ·earth, water, fire and air 叫 element

    ·the elements    自然力(雷，电，风，雨)

        ·struggle/fight/battle against the elements    与大自然做斗争

    ·elementary adj.    简单的，基本的；基础的，初级的

        ·elementary school    小学

        ·primary school    小学

opportunity n.    机会【128】【123】

    ·a golden opportunity    难得的机会

    ·a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity    一生一次的机会

    ·miss the opportunity    错失机会

    ·seize the opportunity    抓住机会

    ·Opportunity seldom knocks twice.    机不可失

    ·take the opportunity to do ...    趁此机会做

        ·Let me take the opportunity to introduce myself.    让我借此机会自我介绍一下

        ·Let me take the opportunity to thank you.    请允许我借此机会向你们表示感谢

coral n.    珊瑚【2】【13】

Virgin Islands n.    维尔京群岛【0】【0】

Miami n.    迈阿密(美国最南的城市)【12】【2】

dinghy n.    救生筏,小船【0】【0】

Caribbean n.    加勒比海【1】【11】

spear gun n.    捕鱼枪【0】【0】

lobster n.    龙虾【0】【0】

tanker n.    油轮【0】【0】

genuinely adv.    由衷地，真诚地【7】【2】

    ·同义词，可替换 genuinely    sincerely(在信中常见)    真诚的，发自肺腑的，发自内心的

    ·He was genuinely glad to see Mary.    他见到玛丽由衷地高兴

    ·genuine adj.    真诚的，真心的；真的

        ·He has a genuine love for his family.    他对他的家庭有一种真诚的爱

            ·对某人的感情一定要用 for，不要用 to

        ·It certainly looked genuine.    看起来确实是真的

    ·反义词

    ·hypocritical adj.    虚伪的，伪善的

    ·artificial adj.    人造的，人工的

        ·artificial hair/tooth/limb    假发/假牙/假肢

    ·fake adj.    伪造的，冒充的

    ·counterfeit adj.    伪造的，假冒的 

        ·fake/counterfeit money    假币

    ·pirated adj.    盗版的；非法复制的

        ·pirated CDs/books    盗版光碟/盗版书

Robinson Crusoe n.    鲁滨孙·克鲁索(小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公)【0】【0】

·课文

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it ‘ate like kings’. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

·课文讲解

life on a desert island    荒岛生活

    ·生活，不能用 of，因为并不是属于荒岛的东西。而是在荒岛上的生活

    ·life at the monastery    修道院里的生活

    ·life in the army    军队生活

    ·life on campus    校园生活。固定搭配，校园用 on，不用 in。校园附近的 off campus

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.

    ·关于大多数类似的表达

        ·a/the majority of ...    大多数 ...

            ·majority n.    大多数

        ·a high percentage/proportion of ...    很高的 百分比/比例 …

            ·A high proportion of the coffee they produce goes to the US.    他们生产的咖啡有很大一部分销往美国

    ·少数

        ·a/the minority of ...    少数 …

            ·minority n.    少数

        ·a small percentage/proportion of ...

            ·Only a small percentage of African American employees were considered for promotion.    只有一小部分非裔美国员工被考虑晋升

    ·picture n.    脑海中的情景，形象

        ·form a picture of ... = imagine ...

        ·Can you form a picture of what I described to you?    你能把我向你描述的东西想象出来吗?

    ·unrealistic adj.    不切实际的，脱离现实的

    ·unreal adj.    不真实的；假的；幻想的；虚构的

    ·练习造句：他们之中的大多数人对于西方世界有一种不切实际的想象。

        ·Must of them have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a the western world.

    ·辨析

        ·take a picture of ...    给 ... 照张相

            ·Excuse me. My name is Richard Stewart I'm a photographer. May I take a picture of you and your little boy?    原谅我。我叫 Richard Stewart，我是一名摄影师。我可以给你和你的小男孩照张相吗?

        ·与拍照相关的

            ·Look in the camera.    看镜头

            ·Hold that pose.    保持这个姿势别动

            ·Say cheese.    笑一笑，说茄子

            ·You are photogenic.    你挺上相的

            ·The picture does not do your justice.    这张照片不像你，你本人比照片更好看

We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.

    ·imagine A to be B    把 A 想象成 B

    ·picture A as B    把 A 想象成 B

    ·conceive of A as B    把 A 设想成 B

    ·regard A as B    把 A 看作 B

        ·When I returned from aboard recently, a particulary officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.    最近我从国外回来时，一个特别爱管闲事的年轻海关官员显然把我当成了走私犯

    ·consider A (to be) B    认为 A 是 B

        ·If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.    例如，如果你住在地中海，你会认为章鱼是一种美味佳肴。

    ·see A as B    把A看作B

        ·I see his words as a joke.    我认为他的话是在开玩笑

    ·count ... as ...    把 ... 算作 ...

        ·I don't count him as a friend any more.    我不再把他当朋友了

    ·look on ... as ...    把 ... 视为 ...

        ·They look on her as a daughter.    他们把她当作女儿看待

    ·think of ... as ...    把 ... 看作 ...

        ·Learning a lunguage should be thought of as a natural process.    学习一门语言应该被认为是一个自然的过程

    ·a sort of = a kind of ...    有些像 ... 的； ... 般的

        ·In spite of this, the ltalians regarded him as a sort of hero.    尽管如此，意大利人还是视他为英雄般的人物

        ·Since its discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest.    自从它被发现以来，它就变成了好像是洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰

        ·They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.    一大群蚂蚁来拜访它们，从它们身上获取了一种类似于蜂蜜的物质

        ·An atom is a kind of solar system.    原子是类似于太阳系的物质

        ·Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.    图书馆使教育成为可能，而教育反过来又使图书馆得以发展:知识的增长遵循一种复利规律，印刷术的发明大大促进了这一规律

    ·kind of = sort of = somewhat     adv.    有点 ...（口语化）

        ·I'm kind of hungry.    我有点饿了

        ·He felt sort of embarrassed.    他感到有点尴尬

Life there is simple and good.

    ·Life on campus is simple and good.    校园生活简单而美好

Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.

    ·ripe adj.    （水果、谷物等）成熟的

        ·Soon ripe, soon rotten.    成熟的快，腐烂的就快。小时了了，大未必佳

        ·The time is ripe.    时机成熟了

        ·I'm waiting till the time is ripe before I tell my parents that I failed my exams.    我要等到时机成熟,然后再告诉父母我考试不及格

        ·adult n.    成年人；成年动物 & adj.    成年的，发育成熟的/full-grown adj.    生长完全的；发育完全的

            ·an adult cat    一只成年猫

            ·A full-grown giraffe is 5.5 m tall.    一只成年长颈鹿有5.5米高

        ·mature adj.    成熟的，理智的

            ·He is very mature for his age.    就他的年龄而言，他很成熟

        ·well-done    全熟

        ·medium well    七八分熟的

        ·medium    五分熟

        ·medium rare    四分熟的

        ·rare    三分熟的

        ·How would you like your steak cooked?

        ·I'd like my steak well-done/medium well/medium/medium rare/rare.

            ·Monica: Okay, now this one is rare, this one is medium well! Now go-go-go! Hey Phoebe!

            ·Phoebe: Hey!

            ·Monica: Hey how was dinner?!

            ·Phoebe: Dinner was good!

        ·raw adj.    全生的

            ·I like to eat fish raw.    raw 不能放在 fish 前，放在 fish 前指未刮鱼鳞的鱼

    ·fruit 表示数量是不可数的，表示种类是可数的

    · ... you needn't work.

    · ... you don't need to work.

The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.

    ·The other side    另一方面：除了已经提到的事物或人物之外的另一方面。

    ·quite adv.     相当；彻底地，截然

        ·In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.

    ·the opposite    相反的，对立的

        ·The opposite of love is hatred.    爱的反面是恨

        ·The opposite bank    对岸：指河流、湖泊等水域的另一边

        ·The opposite sex    异性

        ·be quite the opposite    截然相反

    ·练习造句：我得父亲是个性格平和的人，但是我得母亲却截然相反。

        ·My father is a very calm person, but my mother is quite the opposite.

    ·vice versa    反之亦然

        ·Boys can date girls, and vice versa.    男孩可以和女孩约会，反之亦然

Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes.

    ·either ... or ...    要么 ... 要么 ...

    · ..., waiting for a boat but it never comes.

        ·it 指前面的 boat，所以可以把 but it 换成 which，更简洁一点

Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

    ·there is an element of truth in    这里面有真实的成分

        ·there is an element of truth in what she said.    她的话中有几分真实

    ·there is a food deal of truth in ...    在 … 中有许多真理

        ·Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea.    显然，这个想法有很多道理

    ·there is no truth in ...    没有道理 ...

        ·There is no truth in the rumor.    这个谣言完全没道理

        ·There is probably an element of truth in this argument, but they ignore a more basic fact that the freedom of the press is often abused.    这种说法可能有一定的道理，但他们忽视了一个更基本的事实，即新闻自由经常被滥用

        ·Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity in a famous scientist to the fact that he never went to school. There is undoubtedly a truth in his observation, but such a truth is not criticism of schools.    阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经把一位著名科学家的创造力归因于他从未上过学。他的观察无疑是有道理的，但这种道理并不是对学校的批判

    ·The former picture is unduly optimistic while the latter picture is unduly pessimistic.    前一种情况过于乐观，而后一种情况过于悲观

        ·相同的可以省略，简化这个句子：The former picture is unduly optimistic while the latter unduly pessimistic.

    ·In what way are the pictures we form of life on a desert island unreal?    我们所描绘的荒岛上生活的画面在哪些方面是不真实的?

        (a) They fail to present the wretchedness of such a situation.

        (b) We forget that we would be too weak to work and only imagine the pleasure of idleness.

        (c) They are either unduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic.

        (d) They lack any truth at all as most of us have never visited one.

            ·in what way    在什么方面

            ·we form of life on a desert island unreal.(作定语从句)

                ·we 主语

                ·form 宾语    (某关系、习惯、想法) 形成 vi.

                ·of  牛津第10.used after some verbs before mentioning sb/sth involved in the action （用于某些动词后，接动作所涉及的人或事）

                · life on a desert island    荒岛上的生活

                ·unreal adj.    不真实的；假的(形容词作宾补，up自己认为的，如果有错请和我探讨一下，我想学)

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.

    ·who 引导定语从句

    ·they had stayed 在wished后使用了虚拟语气

        ·"wish" 型的虚拟语气

        ·1、S. + wish + (that) + S. +

                |¯ did/were (现在) 

            <|    had done (过去)

                |_ would/should/could/might + do (将来)

            ·I wish (that) I met my uncle now.    我真希望我现在能遇到我的叔叔（没有实现，用虚拟语气，而如果是 hope，那表明可能性较大，不使用虚拟语气）

            ·I wish (that) I had met my uncle yesterday.    我真希望我昨天能遇到我的叔叔

            ·I wish (that) I could meet my uncle tomorrow.    我真希望我明天能遇到我的叔叔

        ·2、would rather/sooner (that) ¯ | S. +    真希望 ...

        ·3、if only                                 _ | S. +    要是 ...

                |¯ did/were (现在) 

            <|    had done (过去)

                |_ would/should/could/might + do (将来)

            ·I'd rather you started off now.    我真希望你现在就出发

            ·I'd rather you had been present yesterday.    我真希望你昨天在场

            ·If only Tessa were here now!    要是苔莎现在在这里就好了!

            ·If only I had listened to my parents at that time.    要是我当时听父母的话就好了

    ·spent v.    度过（一段时间)

        ·He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.    然后他换上工装裤，当了8个小时的清洁工

They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired.

    ·用进行时让读者有身临其境的感觉

    ·from 引导地点状语

    ·地点表达：从A到B

        ·from A to B

        ·out of A towards B

        ·for B from A

    ·时间表达：从A到B

        ·from A to B

        ·from A until/till B

        ·A through B

        ·这家商店从星期一开到星期六

            ·The store is open from Monday to Saturday.

            ·The store is open from Monday untill/till Saturday.

            ·The store is open Monday through Saturday.

During the journey, their boat began to sink. 

    ·begin doing    人主动的动作

    ·begin to do    客观的行为，现象

They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.

    ·load sth. with sth.    把某物装在什么运输工具上

        ·load A into B    把 A 装进 B 

            ·He is loading groceries into his car.    他正在把杂货装进他的汽车

            ·He is loading his car with groceries.    他正在往车上装杂货 

        ·be loaded with ...    满载 ...

            ·Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour.    当那艘大客轮进港时，小船载满货物迅速向它驶来

                ·loaded 后置定语修饰小船

    ·and 引出并列举

    ·across 引导地点状语

    ·until 引导时间状语从句

    ·rowed v.    划船，划桨

        ·Learning is like rowing upstream: not to  advance is to drop back.    学习如逆水行舟，不进则退

    ·tiny adj.    极小的，微小的

        ·Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece.    玛丽和她的丈夫迪米特里住在希腊南部一个叫波拉乔拉的小村庄里

There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem.

    ·prove (to be) + adj./n.    被证明是

        ·The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.    事实证明，搜寻工作是很困难的，因为人们常常是早上在一个地方看到那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的另一个地方看到它

        ·He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village.    他知道在这样一个小村庄里不会有什么困难

        ·The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.    手术持续了四个多小时，由于皮肤上覆盖着坚硬的树脂，手术非常困难

The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat.

    ·These two pieces of equipment proved (to be) essential to their survival.    这两件装备被证明对他们的生存是必不可少的

        ·equipment n.    设备(不可数)

They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it ‘ate like kings’.

    ·put it = express it    措辞说

        ·I don't know how to put it.    我不知道该怎么说

    ·to put it another way    换句话说：用于表达同一件事情的不同方式或用语

        ·It's fairly risky. Or to put it another way, don't try this at home.    这相当危险。或者换句话说，不要在家里尝试

    ·let me put it this way    让我这样说：用于表达重新组织或重新表达某个观点或想法的意愿

        ·-W: You had Professor Johnson before, right? How would you describe his lectures?

        ·-M: Well, let me put it this way: I could never stay awake in one of his classes without first drinking at least two cups of coffee.

            ·Professor Johnson's lectures were boring.

When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

    ·when 引导时间状语从句

    ·thay 引导形容词补足语从句

    ·genuinely adv.    真诚地，由衷的

        ·可替换为：

            ·sincerely adv.    由衷地，真诚地

            ·from the bottom of theitr hearts    发自内心的，发自肺腑的

    ·sorry adj.    遗憾的

        ·可替换为：

            ·regretful adj.    后悔的，遗憾的

            ·regret v.    遗憾

                ·Both men genuinely regretted 

                    ·|¯ that they had to leave.    (regret 后接 that 引导的 宾语从句)

                    ·|_ having to leave.    (regret doing sth 对做某事很遗憾)

                    ·而 regret to do sth. 是遗憾的去做某事，还没发生，regret doing sth. 是已经发生了的事

                    ·regret to

                        ·|¯ say ...    我很遗憾的说

                        ·-|    tell you ...    我很遗憾的告诉你

                        ·|_ inform you ...    我很遗憾的通知你