【龙腾网】考古学都有哪些最奇怪的发现？(一)
正文翻译
What is the strangest archaeological obxt ever found?
考古学都有哪些最奇怪的发现？(一)
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He found no trace of a lost city in the sands. Thomas later related the story to T.E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), who regarded Ubar as the "Atlantis of the Sands". Lawrence became fascinated with the lost city of the sands and kept looking for it, but he never found it either. Since then many other explorers attempted to locate the city buried beneath the sand.
In 1992 The New York Times published an article announcing the Atlantis of the Sands has been discovered by a Los Angeles-based team of amateur and professional archaeologists.
"Using a combination of high-tech satellite imagery and old-fashioned literary detective work, they discovered the fortress city buried under the shifting sands of a section of Oman so barren that it is known as the Rub''al Khali or Empty Quarter.
Built nearly 5,000 years ago, Ubar was a processing and shipping center for frankincense, an aromatic resin grown in the nearby Qara Mountains.
（T.E.Lawrence也即众所周知的阿拉伯Lawrance，被称为“沙漠亚特兰蒂斯”，就像沉入海里了亚特兰蒂斯一样，许多学者质疑其是否存在过。）
他在沙漠中没有发现失落城市的痕迹。托马斯后来把这个故事告诉了T.E.劳伦斯(“阿拉伯劳伦斯”)，他把Ubar看作是“沙漠中的亚特兰蒂斯”。劳伦斯对这个遗失的沙漠之城非常着迷，他一直在寻找它，但也没有找到。从那时起，许多探险者试图找到埋藏在沙子下面的城市。
1992年，《纽约时报》发表了一篇文章，宣布洛杉矶一支由业余和专业考古学家组成的考古队发现了沙漠亚特兰蒂斯。他们利用高科技卫星图像和老式的文学侦探工作相结合的方法，发现了这个被埋在流沙下的要塞城市，这一地区非常贫瘠，被称为鲁卜哈里沙漠或空白之地。
Ubar建于近5000年前，曾是乳香的加工和运输中心。乳香是一种生长在附近的卡拉山(Qara Mountains)的芳香树脂。
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When they started digging at Shis''r, near an old Arab fort, they began to uncover a large ancient structure. No one was sure what it was... Some explorers believe the remains of the old fort at Shisr could be the rests of the Iram of the Pillars.
Used in cremations and religious ceremonies, as well as in perfumes and medicines, frankincense was as valuable as gold.
Ubar''s rulers became wealthy and powerful and its residents--according to Islamic legend--so wicked and debauched that eventually God destroyed the city, allowing it to be swallowed up by the restless desert.
E. Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia, called it "the Atlantis of the sands" and, like the undersea Atlantis, many scholars doubted that Ubar ever existed," Los Angeles Times reports.
Researchers said they "documented how the city fell, and that it did not appear to be by divine retribution for wickedness. In building his "imitation of paradise," the legendary King Shaddad ibn ''Ad unknowingly constructed it over a large limestone cavern. Ultimately, the weight of the city caused the cavern to collapse in a massive sinkhole, destroying much of the city and causing the rest to be abandoned.
The researchers also discovered the remains of a nearby neolithic village that may date to at least 6000 B. C."
当他们开始在一个古老的阿拉伯堡垒附近的名叫Shis''r的地方挖掘时，他们开始发现了一座巨大的古代建筑。没人知道那是什么……一些探险者认为Shisr的古堡垒遗迹可能是伊拉姆（Iram）石柱的遗迹。用于火葬和宗教仪式，以及香水和药品。乳香和金子一样珍贵。
当地统治者因此变得富有而强大，而当地居民——根据伊斯兰传说——非常的邪恶和堕落，最终上帝毁灭了这座城市，让它被永不平静的沙漠吞噬。
据《洛杉矶时报》报道，劳伦斯称Ubar为“沙漠中的亚特兰蒂斯”，和海底的亚特兰蒂斯一样，许多学者怀疑Ubar曾经是否存在过。
研究人员表示，他们“记录了这座城市是如何陷落的，这似乎不是上帝对邪恶的惩罚。”
为了模仿建造他的天堂，传奇国王沙达德·伊本（Shaddad ibn ''Ad）不知不觉地在一个巨大的石灰岩洞穴之上建造了它。最终，城市的重量导致洞穴坍塌，形成一个巨大的天坑，摧毁了城市的大部分，导致剩下的被遗弃。
研究人员还在附近发现了一个新石器时代村庄的遗迹，其历史至少可以追溯到公元前6000年。
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"The discoveries are expected to shed considerable light on the early history of the region, which has been shrouded in myth, said George Hedges, 39, a Los Angeles lawyer who with 53-year-old filmmaker Nicholas Clapp was one of the leaders of the expedition. Among the mysteries of the region the findings may help resolve, for example, is whether the Queen of Sheba, who would have been contemporaneous with Ubar, really existed.
The researchers have already found evidence that the climate was much different at that time. The neolithic village was apparently located on the banks of a river--long since dried up--and its residents farmed a substantial area.
Even in the time of Ubar, 3,000 years after the neolithic village, rainfall was more plentiful and the well supplied quite large quantities of water, enough to support not only the city itself but also the camel caravans that traversed the forbidding desert.
Clapp persuaded JPL scientists Charles Elachi and Ronald Blom to scan the region with a special shuttle radar system that was flown on the last successful mission of Challenger. The radar was able to "see" through the overlying sand and loose soil to pick out subsurface geological features.
“现年39岁的洛杉矶律师乔治·赫奇斯(George Hedges)说，这些发现有望为这个地区的早期历史提供相当多的线索，而这段历史一直笼罩在神话之中。在该地区的众多谜团中，这些发现可能有助于解开谜团，例如，与Ubar同时代的示巴女王（Sheba）是否真的存在。”
研究人员已经发现了当时气候与如今大不相同的证据。这个新石器时代的村庄显然坐落在一条早已干涸的河边，那里的居民在很大程度上都在耕种。在新石器时代村落之后的3000年的Ubar时代，降雨量更是充沛，水源充足，不仅足以供养城市本身，也足以供养穿越这片令人生畏的沙漠的骆驼商队。
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A satellite photograph of southern Arabia showing suspected sites of a lost city. Credit: Wikipedia
Using the imagery, the team was able to pick out the ancient trade routes, which were packed down into hard surfaces by the passage of hundreds of thousands of camels. Junctions where the trade routes converged or branched seemed likely locations for the lost city.
Armed with this information, they enlisted archeologist Juris Zarins of Southwest Missouri State University and British explorer Sir Ranulf Fiennes, who has served with the British military in the deserts of Oman and fought with the sultan''s forces.
The team made a brief, preliminary expedition to Oman last summer, searching about 35 sites. They found shards of pottery and other evidence of the trade routes, but nothing to show they had definitively found the city."
Still, many feel this intriguing question still remains unanswered: "Is the city of Ubar identical to Iram of the Pillars or is the legendary lost city still buried somewhere beneath the sand?"
(一幅阿拉伯南部的卫星照片显示了一座失落城市的疑似遗址。)
利用这些图像，研究小组能够识别出古代的贸易路线，这些路线是由成千上万的骆驼通过而形成的。贸易路线交汇或分叉的交汇处似乎很可能是失落之城的位置。
有了这些信息，他们招募了西南密苏里州立大学的考古学家朱里斯·扎林斯和英国探险家拉努夫·费因斯爵士。费因斯曾在阿曼沙漠服役，并与苏丹军队并肩作战。去年夏天，探险队对阿曼进行了一次简短的初步考察，搜索了大约35个地点。他们发现了陶器碎片和其他贸易路线的证据，但没有任何证据表明他们确实发现了这座城市。”
然而，许多人仍然觉得这个有趣的问题没有得到回答:“Ubar城和伊拉姆之柱是一样的?还是传说中的失落之城仍然埋在沙子下面的某个地方?”
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There are other ten strange archaeological discoveries t be briefed below:
1.The City of Troy
Troy is a well-known city in the world of history, legends and monuments, located in the northwest of Anatolia. In 1865, the English archaeologist Frank Calvert dug a trench in a field he bought from farms in "Hisarlik" and in 1868, Heinrich Schliemann , a German businessman and archaeologist, began excavating in the same place after accidentally gathered him in Calvert and what they found was Priam''s Treasure: a cache of gold and several other obxts such as jewels that his wife used to wear and the golden mask of Agamemnon, included in the Shaft Graves with their skeletons and more regal gold.
还有其他10大奇怪的考古发现，简要介绍如下:
1.特洛伊城
特洛伊是世界上著名的历史、传说城市，位于安纳托利亚的西北部。1865年，英国考古学家弗兰克·卡尔弗特(Frank Calvert)在他从“Hisarlik”的农场买来的一块地里挖了一条沟渠。1868年，德国商人兼考古学家海因里希·谢里曼(Heinrich Schliemann)在卡尔弗特偶然找到了他，并开始在同一个地方挖掘，他们发现了普里阿姆的宝藏：地窖里藏着黄金和其他一些物品，比如他妻子曾经戴过的珠宝和阿伽门农的黄金面具，还有他们的骷髅和大量的帝王的黄金。
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2. The Easter Island
“Easter Island” is one of the most isolated places in the world located thousands of miles from the Chilean coast in the South Pacific. The most confusing thing about this island is that people can live in this place and build huge heads of stone around the island.
There are statues only partially carved out of the slopes of this volcanic crater, and others fully complete ready for transport to their final destinations. All but 53 of the 887 Moai statues were carved from this material (compressed volcanic ash).
3. Acomparo fingers
Although the scientific community agreed that these figures were part of an elaborate hoax, they caused great fanfare when they were announced. Hundreds of these human-like figures and dinosaurs were found in Mexico, which made some people think that the ancient people were better archaeologists than they thought.
2. 复活节岛
复活节岛是世界上最偏僻的地方之一，距离南太平洋智利海岸数千英里。关于这个岛最令人困惑的事情是，人们居然可以在这里生活，并在岛周围建造巨大的石质头像。
在这个火山坑的斜坡上，只有部分的雕像是被当地的火山岩雕刻出来的，其他的则完全是被运送到这里的。887座摩埃石像中只有53座是用这种材料(压缩的火山灰)雕刻而成的。
3. Acomparo手指
尽管科学界一致认为这些数据是一个精心设计的骗局的一部分，但当它们被宣布时，却引起了轩然大波。在墨西哥发现了数百个人型生物和恐龙，这使得一些人认为，这些古人比他们想象的更像考古学家。
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4. The Antikythera
Antikythera is the first scientific astronomical instrument invented by the Greeks for astronomical calculation and was discovered 2000 years ago in a sunken ship on a Greek island called "Antikthera". With dozens of gears, this watch can only measure the position of the sun, moon, and other planets by entering simple data into it. Although there is controversy about its specific uses, it indicates that ancient civilizations have made impressive and impressive achievements in the field of mechanical engineering.
5. Groupy Man
Stuffed bodies were repeatedly found, but the strange thing about this corpse, nicknamed "Grubali Man", is its structure, which is still protected despite the passage of hundreds of years on it, to the extent that the dead body of the dead body and nails of her hands remained as it was embalmed. Through the information available on the body, it is easy to know the cause of the death of the owner, which may be the result of a deep wound around his neck extending to his ears. This man is likely to die, aiming to sacrifice himself to go to a better destiny.
4. 安提凯希拉
安提凯希拉是希腊人发明的第一台用于天文计算的科学天文仪器，2000年前在希腊一个叫安提凯希拉的岛上的一艘沉船中被发现。其拥有数十个齿轮，这块表一样的仪器能通过输入简单的数据来测量太阳、月亮和其他行星的位置。虽然它的具体用途存在争议，但它表明古代文明在机械工程领域取得了令人印象深刻的成就。
5.Groupy人
尸体被多次发现，但令人奇怪的是，尽管经过了几百年的时间，她的尸体和她的指甲仍然被保存下来，就像被防腐处理过一样，他被命名为“Grubali人”。根据有关尸体的资料，很容易知道主人的死因，死因可能是脖子上有一个很深的伤口，一直延伸到耳朵。这个人当时很可能就死了，目的是牺牲自己去获得更好的命运。
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6. The Shouting Mummy
Unlike modern burial methods, the ancient Egyptians did not take into account the fact that if the neck of the corpse was not attached to the skull, the second one would fall and the corpse would appear to be screaming permanently. Although there are mummies in the same situation, this mummy is more fearful than others and scientists suggest that torture against the deceased will be used as part of the burial rites. The mummy in this photo is called "The Unknown Man E" and was found by Gaston Masparo in 1886.
7. Terra Cotta Army
Dozens of men surround this place, which is like a grave, but what is their story? This photo shows a strange archaeological discovery of the soldiers of the "Terra Cotta" who were buried with the first Emperor of China "Kun Shi Hyung" to protect the emperor after death.
6.尖叫的妈咪
与现代的埋葬方法不同，古埃及人没有考虑到这样一个事实:如果尸体的颈部没有与头骨相连，尸体就会看起来永远在尖叫。虽然也有木乃伊处于同样的情况，但这具木乃伊比其他的更可怕，科学家认为，对死者的折磨有被用作葬礼仪式的一部分。该木乃伊叫“未知的人E”，是1886年由Gaston Masparo发现的。
7.兵马俑
数十个人围着这座像坟墓一样的地方，他们的故事是什么?这展示了一个奇怪的考古发现，“兵马俑”士兵与中国第一个皇帝“秦始皇”埋葬在一起，以保护死后的皇帝。
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8. Moa obxt
In 1986, after deep excavations in Mount Owen Caves in New Zealand, this massive and frightening claw was found. And whoever looks at it will think that the creature with the claw has died recently because it is amazingly preserved. After excavation and inspection, the scientists made it clear that this claw belongs to a large Maw, unable to fly from prehistoric times, which has a group of dangerous claws.
9. Baghdad Battery
In 1930, a number of pottery was discovered near Baghdad in the village of Khojot Rabeh. No one had been interested in these jars for a long time until a German museum curator published a report explaining the use of these pottery as galvanic cells or batteries for the purposes of painting and electrolysis.
8.恐鸟（已灭绝生物）
1986年，在对新西兰的欧文山洞穴进行深入挖掘后，人们发现了巨大而可怕的爪子。无论谁看到它，都会认为这个长爪的生物是最近才死掉的，它保存得很好。经过挖掘和检查，科学家们明确指出，这只爪子属于一个巨大的恐鸟，从史前时代开始就无法飞行，有一对危险的爪子。
9.巴格达电池
1930年，在巴格达附近的Khojot Rabeh村发现了一些陶器。在很长一段时间里，没有人对这些罐子感兴趣，直到一位德国博物馆馆长发表了一篇报告，这些陶器用绘画来解释了电池的原理。
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10. The Aztec Sacrifice
The ancient Aztec Empire that inhabited the valley of Mexico hosted many bloody festivals festivals, offering sacrifices as an offering to please the gods. In 2004, another horrific type of ritual killing and torture of human beings and animals was discovered on the nights of festivals, which included bloodshed for the victims. Types of torture include the cutting of their heads and the representation of their bodies. And this night of terror continues until the next day''s sun rises, which means that the gods are satisfied with human blood.
10. 阿兹特克的祭祀
居住在墨西哥山谷的古阿兹特克帝国举办了许多血腥节日，提供祭品以取悦神。2004年，在节日的夜晚，人们发现了另一种对人和动物的可怕的杀戮和折磨，其中包括让受害者流血。酷刑的种类包括砍掉他们的头和用他们的身体来做祭礼。这恐怖的夜晚将持续到第二天的太阳升起，届时神才会对人类的血感到满意。
