Structural syllabus

Structural syllabus 1) Influenced by structural linguistics, it is a grammar oriented syllabus based on a selection of language items and structures. The vocabulary and grammatical rules included in the teaching materials are carefully ordered according to factors such as frequency, complexity and usefulness. 受到结构主义语言学的影响，结构教学大纲主要以语法教学为导向，以语言结构为基础。大 纲编写者参考结构的使用频率、复杂程度和有用程度等因素精心安排大纲中出现的词汇和语 法规则在教学中的先后顺序。      The underlying assumption behind grammatical syllabuses is that language is a system which consists of a set of grammatical rules; learning language means learning these rules and then applying them to practical language use. The syllabus input is selected and graded according to grammatical notions of simplicity and complexity. These syllabuses introduce one item at a time and require mastery of that item before moving on to the next. 语法大纲潜在的理念是把语言看作一系列由语法规则组成的体系;学习语言就要学习这些规 则并且把这些规则应用到实际语言运用中。大纲是根据语法规则的难易度来结构的。这类大 纲每一单位课时介绍一个语言点，并且要求在学习下一个语言点之前要完全掌握前面的知识 点。   Advantage: it has been used for many years and still dominates some language programmes, including most of the foreign language courses in China.   Drawback: the major drawback is that it concentrates only on the grammatical forms and the meaning of individual words, whereas the meaning of the whole sentence is thought to be self-evident, whatever its context may be. Students are not taught how to use these sentences appropriately in real situations. As a result, students trained by a structural syllabus often prove to be communicatively incompetent. 主要的不足在于这种大纲只关注语法结构和单个词语的意义，而认为长句的意义是显而易见 所以无需讲解的，而且对句子意义的解释不考虑语境的因素。学生没有学会在真实的语境下