passage 2 黑猩猩青春期增长
★★★
先看题：
1. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage? 主旨内容题
2. The passage mentions which of the following as one of the reasons why most biologists remain skeptical that chimpanzees experience a humanlike adolescent growth spurt? 直接细节题，定位到就写
3. The passage suggests which of the following about the adolescent growth spurt that takes place in humans? 细节推断
文章讲解：
①Most mammals reach sexual maturity when their growth rates are in decline, whereas humans experience a growth spurt during adolescence. ②Whether apes experience anadolescent growth spurt is still undecided. ③In the 1950s, data on captive chimpanzees collected by James Gavan appeared devoid of evidence of an adolescent growth spurt in these apes. ④In a recent reanalysis of Gavan’s data, however, zoologist Elizabeth Watts has found that as chimpanzees reach sexual maturity, the growth rate of their limbs accelerates. ⑤Most biologists, however, are skeptical that this is a humanlike adolescent growth spurt. ⑥While the human adolescent growth spurt is physically obvious and affects virtually the entire body, the chimpanzee’s increased growth rate is detectable only through sophisticated mathematical analysis. ⑦Moreover, according to scientist Holly Smith, the growth rate increase in chimpanzees begins when 86% of full skeletal growth has been attained, whereas human adolescence generally commences when 77 percent of full skeletal growth has occurred.
① 客观对比
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②引出问题
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③ 事实 ↔ ④事实 ↔ ⑤观点
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⑥事实+⑦事实
信息矩阵：
①Most mammals reach sexual maturity when their growth rates are in decline, whereas humans experience a growth spurt during adolescence. ②Whether apes experience anadolescent growth spurt is still undecided. ③In the 1950s, data on captive chimpanzees collected by James Gavan appeared devoid of evidence of an adolescent growth spurt in these apes. ④In a recent reanalysis of Gavan’s data, however, zoologist Elizabeth Watts has found that as chimpanzees reach sexual maturity, the growth rate of their limbs accelerates. ⑤Most biologists, however, are skeptical that this is a humanlike adolescent growth spurt. ⑥While the human adolescent growth spurt is physically obvious and affects virtually the entire body, the chimpanzee’s increased growth rate is detectable only through sophisticated mathematical analysis. ⑦Moreover, according to scientist Holly Smith, the growth rate increase in chimpanzees begins when 86% of full skeletal growth has been attained, whereas human adolescence generally commences when 77 percent of full skeletal growth has occurred.
题型讲解：
1. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage? 主旨内容题
A. Researchers have long disagreed about whether data collected in the 1950s indicate that chimpanzees and other apes experience an adolescent growth spurt. 好像来自④。没有证据，只提到一个Watts对数据的研究；或无关，以偏概全，是个细节，与文章整体无关
B. Research data collected on chimpanzees living in captivity are inconclusive with respect to chimpanzees living in the wild. 没有证据
C. The notion that apes do not experience an adolescent growth spurt has been confirmed by research conducted since. 相反，后文有用四肢生长率的证据反转
D. Although the idea that apesexperience an adolescent growth has received some support, most biologists remain unconvinced. 符合
E. Although researchers agree that chimpanzees do not experience an adolescent growth spurt, they are divided in their opinions of whether this is true of other apes. 相反/没有证据
2. The passage mentions which of the following as one of the reasons why most biologists remain skeptical that chimpanzees experience a humanlike adolescent growth spurt? 直接细节题，定位⑤，答案⑥⑦
A. Chimpanzees do not experience a demonstrable increase in growth rate until they are fully sexually mature. 黑猩猩直到完全性成熟才猛增，没有until的证据，打相反也可以。
B. The increase in growth rate that chimpanzees undergo at sexual maturity is less apparent than that of humans. 对应⑥
C. The increase in growth rate once regarded as a humanlike adolescent growth spurt in chimpanzees is too sporadic [张1] to be regarded as significant. 没有证据
[张1]散乱，零星
D. Not all chimpanzees undergo a calculable growth spurt. NE/RE
E. Watt’s approach to analyzing data is considered to be highly unorthodox[剑2] . 没有证据，并没有提到Watts的研究方法，也不知道正统的方法是啥样
3. The passage suggests which of the following about the adolescent growth spurt that takes place in humans? 细节推断
A. Its primary effects are found in parts of the body other than the limbs. 相反，影响全身
B. It is generally completed by the time 77 percent of full skeletal growth is attained. 相反
C. It is normally detectable without the assistance of sophisticated mathematical analysis.对应⑥直接对比取反
D. The rate of growth is much faster at the beginning of puberty [剑3] than at any other time. 没有证据
[剑3]['pjubɚti]青春期
E. The estimated growth rate varies depending on the methods of measurement that are used. 没有证据
