passage1

注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。

       Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.【第1题】

       The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.

      But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

      And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists.【第3题】 This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.

       Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.【第2题】【the + 形容词表一类人，

the  powerful 指有权有势的人，故 the powerless 指平民百姓。】

       Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.

【第4题】【文章反复强调，不要blind，不要fascinated，可见作者对我们的建议就是修建大坝要三思而后行。】

一、文章结构分析

        这是一篇批评盲目建造水坝的文章，文章开宗明义，进而使用了大量例子证明作者的观点，挖掘了这种盲目性的内在原因，最后进行了总结，是一篇典型的总-分-总结构的文章。

        第一段：段首几句话为引子，引出全文主题句（最后一句）：几个大坝工程带来的害处可能大于益处。

       第二至第五段：通过大量举例说明人们想通过大坝控制水的神话依然存在。人们建造大坝来显示成就、证明实力，但其效果并没有人们预先设想的好，因为大坝带来的并不一定是利益。

        第六段：呼吁人们应该吸取历史教训，不要盲目建大坝。

1.The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that.

[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality

[B]the blind could be happier than the sighted

【the blind盲人, the sighted看得见的人——不符合题意】

[C] over excited people tend to neglect vital things

[D]fascination makes people lose their eyesight【lose their eyesight失明——不符合题意】

1.第一段第三句的隐含意义是。

[A]人们如果无视现实就会感到快乐

[B]盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福

[C]过于兴奋的人容易忽视极为重要的事情

[D]兴奋使人丧失视力

【

But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.但让人着迷有时也就使人盲目。有几个巨型大坝项目就有弊大于利的危险。

这表明人在过分着迷一些事情的时候，容易忽视一些东西。

A.选项。人们如果无视现实就会感到快乐。文章是说人在过分着迷一些事情的时候，容易忽视一些东西。A选项错误。

B.选项。盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福。文章的blind不是指盲人，而是指盲目，忽视。B选项错误。

C.选项。“过于兴奋的人容易忽视极为重要的事情”等同于”人在过分着迷一些事情的时候，容易忽视一些东西。”，C选项正确。

D.选项。丧失视力。文章的blind不是指盲人，而是指盲目，忽视。D选项错误。

】

2. paragraph 5,"the powerless"probably refers to.

[A] areas short of electricity

[B] dams without power stations

[C] poor countries around India

[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area

2.第五段的词语"the powerless"很可能是指。

[A]缺电的地区

[B]没有建发电站的大坝

[C]印度周边的穷国

[D]纳尔马达河大坝周围的平民百姓

【the + 形容词表一类人，

the  powerful 指有权有势的人，故 the powerless 指平民百姓。

its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.该大坝将给平民带来苦难，而且会破坏那里的环境。故D选项正确。

】

3.What is the myth concerning giant dams?

[A]They bring in more fertile soil.

[B]They help defend the country.

[C]They strengthen international ties.

[D]They have universal control of the waters.

3.关于大型水坝的神话是什么？

[A]它们带来更肥沃的土地。

[B]它们有助于国防。

[C]它们加强国际关系。

[D]它们普遍能够控制水。

【

A.选项。第三段，deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease 大坝剥夺了埃及洪水留下的肥沃淤泥，换来了巨大的疾病库。选项是带来肥沃土地，文章是剥夺肥沃的土地。A,选项错误。

B.选项。Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在争夺多瑙河上的一座大坝时，差点就出兵了。大坝会引发国家之间的战争。故不有助于国防。B,选项错误。

C.选项。Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在争夺多瑙河上的一座大坝时，差点就出兵了。大坝会引发国家之间的战争。故不有助于国际关系。C,选项错误。

D.选项。And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists.然而，控制水域的神话依然存在。D选项正确。

】

4.What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as.

[A]"It is no use crying over spilt milk"

[B]"More haste，less speed"

[C]"Look before you leap"

[D]"He who laughs last laughs best"

4.作者想通过本文说明的道理是。

[A]覆水难收，后悔是没用的。

[B]欲速则不达。

[C]三思而行。

[D]谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。/看谁笑到最后。

【

根据第一段，But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.但有时，着迷也是盲目的。几个巨型水坝项目可能弊大于利。也就是说建设大坝，要三思而后行。要充分考虑和权衡大坝带来的弊。

特别根据最后一段，You don't need a dam to be saved.“我们”未必要通过大坝来拯救自己。也就是说在没有充分克服大坝带来的弊之前，“我们”未必要通过大坝来拯救自己。故C选项正确。

】

二、核心词汇与超纲词汇

(1)capture（v.）夺得，攻占；捕获；（n.）捕获，俘虏

(2)drought（n.）旱灾

(3)fascinating（a.）迷人的；fascinate（v.）迷住，强烈吸引

(4)strive（v.）（to）奋斗努力

(5)cement（v.）胶合；巩固，加强；（n.）水泥；胶泥，胶接剂

(6)deprive（v.）（of）夺去，使丧失

(7)contention（n.）争夺，竞争；争吵，口角；contend（v.）斗争，竞争；坚决主张

(8)go ahead（n.）批准，同意；

如：We reall ready to start the new book , as soon as we get the go ahead from the people concerned .

(9)wrongheaded（a.）错误判断的；坚持错误的，执迷不悟的

(10)hydroelectric（a.）水电的；

hydro：前缀，表示"水"，"液体"。如：hydrobiology水生物学；hydrocooling水冷法；hydromania投水狂，自溺

三、阅读答案：C D D C

四、全文翻译：

       在重大技术所创造的东西中很少能像大型水坝这样激起人们想象力的。可能正是因为人类长期遭受旱涝灾害的摆布才使得人们治理江河、供我驱策的理想如此令人痴迷。但让人着迷有时也就使人盲目。有几个巨型大坝项目就有弊大于利的危险。

       建造大坝的教训是：大的未必总是美的。但这个教训也无法阻止修建高大雄伟的大坝已成为那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民的伟大成就的象征。(长难句②)埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大坝而巩固了在阿拉伯世界的领导地位。土耳其在力图跻身第一世界的努力中也包括修建阿塔特克大坝。

       但大坝不会像预期的那样产生效果。以阿斯旺大坝为例，它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤，换回来的却是一个疾病滋生的水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。

       不过，控制水的神话还在继续。本周，在文明的欧洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人就为了多瑙河上的一处水坝引起争端，差点动用了军队。这个大型工程可能会出现大坝所有的常见问题。但斯洛伐克正在要求脱离捷克而独立，现在它们需要建一个大坝来证明自己的实力。

        与此同时，世界银行已经贷款给印度来建造问题更多的纳尔马达大坝。尽管世界银行的顾问指出，该大坝将给平民带来苦难，而且会破坏那里的环境，但世界银行依然一意孤行。大坝只会给有权有势者带来利益，而且这种利益也远远得不到保障。

        对于水坝的影响作用、水坝控制水流的成本和收益进行恰当而科学的研究能够有助于解决这些冲突。水力发电，治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水坝也是可能的。但当你相信神话时就很难做到合理或科学。现在是世界吸取阿斯旺大坝教训的时候了。我们未必要通过大坝来拯救自己。

五、地毯式总结

capture the imagination 捕获想象力

giant dam 巨型水坝

humankind's long suffering 人类的长期苦难

at the mercy of flood and drought 任由洪水和干旱摆布

makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating 让迫使水域服从我们的命令的想法变得如此迷人

Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good 几个巨型水坝项目可能弊大于利

The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. 大坝的教训是，大并不总是美丽的。

Egypt's leadership 埃及领导层

was cemented by the Aswan High Dam 被阿斯旺高坝加固

Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam 土耳其争取第一世界地位包括阿塔图尔克大坝

deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left 剥夺了埃及洪水留下的肥沃淤泥

in return for a giant reservoir of disease 以换取巨大的疾病库

so full of silt 满是淤泥

it barely generates electricity 它几乎不发电

And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists 然而，控制水域的神话仍然存在

in the heart of civilized Europe 在文明欧洲的中心

just short of 就差一点

Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube 斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在争夺多瑙河上的一座大坝时，差点就出兵了

But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs 但斯洛伐克正在争取脱离捷克独立

go-ahead 着手，支持

the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam 更错误的纳尔马达大坝

hardship 困难

environmental destruction 环境破坏

Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation 水力发电和防洪灌溉

monster dam=giant dam 巨型水坝

You don't need a dam to be saved. “我们”未必要通过大坝来拯救自己。