突发!韩国科学家发现常压室温超导材料!临界温度高于水的沸点!

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What are the reasons for skepticism?

There are several, Norman says. First, the undoped material, lead apatite, isn’t a metal but rather a nonconducting mineral. And that’s an unpromising starting point for making a superconductor. What’s more, lead and copper atoms have similar electronic structures, so substituting copper atoms for some of the lead atoms shouldn’t greatly affect the electrical properties of the material, Norman says. “You have a rock, and you should still end up with a rock.” On top of that, lead atoms are very heavy, which should suppress the vibrations and make it harder for electrons to pair, Norman explains.

Do the authors have an explanation for what’s going on?

The papers don’t provide a solid explanation of the physics at play. But the researchers speculate that within their material, the doping slightly distorts long, naturally occurring chains of lead atoms. They say the superconductivity might occur along these 1D channels. But that would be surprising, Norman says, because 1D systems don’t generally produce superconductivity. What’s more, the disorder introduced by the doping ought to further suppress superconductivity. “You have one dimension, which is bad, and you have disorder, which is also bad,” Norman says. Mason isn’t so certain. She notes that Lee and Kim also suggest that a kind of undulation of charge might exist in the chains and that similar charge patterns have been seen in high-temperature superconductors. “Maybe this material really just hits the sweet spot of a strongly interacting unconventional superconductor,” she says.

怀疑的理由是什么?

诺曼说，有几个。首先，未掺杂的材料铅磷灰石不是金属，而是一种不导电的矿物。这是制造超导体的一个没有希望的起点。更重要的是，铅和铜原子具有相似的电子结构，所以用铜原子代替一些铅原子不会对材料的电性能产生很大的影响，诺曼说。“你有一块石头，你最终还是应该得到一块石头。”最重要的是，铅原子非常重，这应该会抑制振动，使电子更难配对，诺曼解释说。

作者对发生的事情有解释吗?

这些论文并没有对其中的物理原理给出可靠的解释。但研究人员推测，在他们的材料中，掺杂略微扭曲了自然形成的铅原子长链。他们说，超导性可能沿着这些一维通道发生。但诺曼说，这将是令人惊讶的，因为一维系统通常不会产生超导性。此外，掺杂引入的无序性应该会进一步抑制超导性。“你有一个维度，这是不好的，你有无序，这也是不好的，”诺曼说。梅森不太确定。她指出，Lee和Kim还提出，链中可能存在一种电荷波动，并且在高温超导体中也看到了类似的电荷模式。她说:“也许这种材料真的正好击中了强相互作用的非常规超导体的最佳位置。