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锁定的最值(2019课标Ⅲ导数)

2022-10-25 14:35 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2019课标Ⅲ,20)已知函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D2x%5E3-ax%5E2%2Bb.

(1)讨论f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的单调性;

(2)是否存在ab,使得f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20在区间%5Cleft%5B%200%2C1%20%5Cright%5D%20的最小值为-1且最大值为1?若存在,求出ab的所有值;若不存在,说明理由.

解:(1)求导,得

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D%3D6x%5E2-2ax%3D2%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bx%5Cleft(%203x-a%20%5Cright)%20%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,得x%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%7Dx%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D

1.%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%3D0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3D0%7D

f'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cgeqslant%200%7Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D.

2.%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%3C0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3C0%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%2C0%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%200%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

3.%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%3E0,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%3E0%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20-%5Cinfty%20%2C0%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%20%5Cnearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%20%5Cleft(%200%20%2C%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3C0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

x%5Cin%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright)%20%7Df'%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3E0f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

(2)f%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3Dbf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3D2-a%2Bb.

1.%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cleqslant%200%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft%5B%200%2C1%20%5Cright%5D%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cnearrow%20%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmin%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)

%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D%09b%3D-1%2C%5C%5C%092-a%2Bb%3D1%2C%5C%5C%5Cend%7Bcases%7D

解得%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D%09a%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D%2C%5C%5C%09b%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-1%7D.%5C%5C%5Cend%7Bcases%7D

2.%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%5Cgeqslant%201,即%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%5Cgeqslant%203%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft%5B%200%2C1%20%5Cright%5D%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Csearrow%20%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmin%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)

%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D%09b%3D1%2C%5C%5C%092-a%2Bb%3D-1%2C%5C%5C%5Cend%7Bcases%7D

解得%5Cleft%5C%7B%20%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bc%7D%09a%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B4%7D%2C%5C%5C%09b%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D.%5C%5C%5Cend%7Barray%7D%20%5Cright.%20

3.0%3C%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%3C1,即0%3Ca%3C3

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft%5B0%20%2C%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%5Cright)%20%5Csearrow,在%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%2C%2B%5Cinfty%20%5Cright%5D%5Cnearrow

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmin%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7B3%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D-%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E3%7D%7B27%7D%2Bb.

f%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%3Ef%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)

%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D%09b%3D1%2C%5C%5C%09-%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E3%7D%7B27%7D%2Bb%3D-1%2C%5C%5C%5Cend%7Bcases%7D

该方程组无解

f%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3Ef%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20

f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20_%7B%5Cmax%7D%3Df%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)

%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D%092-a%2Bb%3D1%2C%5C%5C%09-%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E3%7D%7B27%7D%2Bb%3D-1%2C%5C%5C%5Cend%7Bcases%7D

该方程组无解.

综上所述:%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D%09a%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D%2C%5C%5C%09b%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-1%7D%5C%5C%5Cend%7Bcases%7D%5Cleft%5C%7B%20%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bc%7D%09a%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B4%7D%2C%5C%5C%09b%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B1%7D.%5C%5C%5Cend%7Barray%7D%20%5Cright.%20

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