侏虎鲸（Feresa attenuata）简介

{"ops":[{"insert":"海豚科中，名字沾了“虎鲸”二字的似乎都是不那么好惹的家伙，无论虎鲸本尊还是和它伯仲叔季的伪虎鲸，都是现存鲸类中数一数二的顶级掠食者，不仅体型与大型掠食性鲨鱼相当，还有与大白鲨、居氏鼬鲨相竞争的实力，以及丝毫不逊于后两种鲨鱼的攻击性。\n但是还有一种名字中带有“虎鲸”二字的冷门鲸种。它虽然体型远远不如虎鲸和伪虎鲸——甚至还不到伪虎鲸体重的三分之一，但其残暴的性情却丝毫不输于它的亲戚。它就是这期专栏的主角——"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"侏虎鲸（"},{"attributes":{"italic":true,"bold":true},"insert":"Feresa attenuata"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"）。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/6e5033f6c7f6aadab04477f2503a3d848cb1a84b.jpg","width":1024,"height":344,"size":85572,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"侏虎鲸别名小虎鲸，是海豚科、领航鲸亚科的成员。那它到底有多“小”呢？"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"成年的侏虎鲸体长一般为2.1～2.5米，体重110～170千克，雄性通常比雌性大；最大的侏虎鲸体长2.7米，体重225千克。"},{"insert":"与其他的黑鲸类相比，侏虎鲸确实是一个“侏儒”。\n侏虎鲸无论是体型还是外观上都与其近亲"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"瓜头鲸（"},{"attributes":{"italic":true,"bold":true},"insert":"Peponocephala electra"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"）"},{"insert":"高度相似，甚至栖息于同一水域，通常因此观鲸者经常将二者混淆。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/d6181ba9d0ada8cd549019091e3dc5cda48b7e2e.jpg","width":839,"height":873,"size":257579,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"侏虎鲸的外观"},{"insert":"：侏虎鲸外观与瓜头鲸、伪虎鲸较为接近，又有诸多不同之处。和瓜头鲸、伪虎鲸一样，它有一个圆润的头部，上颌比下颌突出，前端没有突出的喙部。与伪虎鲸相比，它的身材亨为紧凑、粗壮。它的鳍状肢（胸鳍）是长而弯曲的，末端较为圆润。它的高大的背鳍是镰刀形的，形状与普通海豚类似。尾鳍中间有缺刻，尾干（尾柄纵突）发达。身体前半部分粗壮，而后半部则较为消瘦。\n其体表一般为黑灰色或暗灰色，死后长时间则变为全身变为黑色。下颌前端和上下唇是白色的，在下腹部（肛门附近）一大块区域为白色。有一暗色带（不明显，较难观察到）从其头顶至背部中央向后延伸至背鳍后方，几乎覆盖整个背部。在它两只胸鳍之间还有一片淡色的花纹。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/b1a3030b924ac12d893c5e64ec26f7c52bb7f24e.jpg","width":740,"height":835,"size":390227,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/6e3c807032793531f19e2d54def153270b168385.jpg","width":800,"height":1205,"size":381020,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图1：侏虎鲸的鳍状肢（胸鳍）。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图2：捕获的侏虎鲸清楚的显示其胸鳍、背鳍和尾鳍的形态，与普通海豚的相似。"},{"insert":"\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/40c6a83e02842edeb6c2e855dbbe759e88de084f.jpg","width":787,"height":1103,"size":560575,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/2100bf9053f734ab0b517909394107c245a47a54.jpg","width":763,"height":1256,"size":601058,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图1：侏虎鲸的头骨。和其他的齿鲸亚目成员一样，它的头骨是左右不对称的，明显向左偏斜。它的头骨较为宽阔，吻部短宽。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图2：侏虎鲸的下颌骨。"},{"insert":"\n\n侏虎鲸的分布：\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/a28886fcba55dd1890bf3e27fc763f5505d372f6.jpg","width":1053,"height":582,"size":184179,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"侏虎鲸是一种分布广泛的远洋型鲸类，很容易在大西洋、太平洋、印度洋的暖水海洋中找到。在我国多发现于台湾省。\n\n行为与生活：侏虎鲸通常由15～25只组成的群体一起活动，一般少于50只，但也有记录观测到上百头的群体。与其他的海豚一样，它们的群体之间成员的关系较为紧密。\n人们目前对于其繁殖活动仍然知之甚少，还不清楚它的性成熟年龄、寿命与出生时的体型，推测新生的侏虎鲸体长在80cm以上，而在体长超过2m时性成熟。寿命未知。\n侏虎鲸群体成员之间也时常嬉戏、追逐，并排游泳，竞相跃出水面。此外，侏虎鲸也会将头部垂直的伸出水面。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/b240f3fafebda4ad6802bc06cfac08cad3462e1a.jpg","width":942,"height":580,"size":426882,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/b9aa1b029a9da5370c1cd04296f6bb2318accfd3.jpg","width":927,"height":596,"size":365589,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图1：侏虎鲸在海洋馆的泳池中游泳，并将头部探出水面。"},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图2：同前一张图，侏虎鲸在海洋馆的水池中游泳。"},{"insert":"\n\n人们也尝试过饲养侏虎鲸，但目前仍然没有饲养成功。在海洋馆中，它们主要吃乌贼和鱼类。因为侏虎鲸的性情并不因为被“囚禁”而减弱，相反，它们甚至会袭击海洋馆中的其他海豚。在人工饲养条件下没有繁殖成功的记录。\n\n侏虎鲸对于其他海豚并不友好，在野外亦是如此。在一些观测记录中，它们杀死并吃掉了其他种海豚，但在更多情况下它们还是以乌贼和鱼类为食。侏虎鲸算是一部分小型鲸类的捕食者，但其本身也是一种小型鲸类，常论为大型鲨鱼（如大白鲨）和虎鲸的猎物。\n\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/57eedc883515c503966a6bd312a9e446567940c4.jpg","width":836,"height":1222,"size":318901,"status":"loaded"}}},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"上图：前两张是侏虎鲸的胎儿，后三张是被捕的成年侏虎鲸。"},{"insert":"\n\n最后，补充一组侏虎鲸的生态照。\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/72de3f13e1f85fbc1cc46859795c491ff675a719.jpg","width":796,"height":404,"size":210986,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/74e7d64e252b73e725903c069100ef2fd367ba63.jpg","width":725,"height":809,"size":331207,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"class":"normal-img"},"insert":{"native-image":{"alt":"read-normal-img","url":"https://b2.sanwen.net/b_article/d1028637b5084cd8e8d980a8d4f0cb31df7560b3.jpg","width":989,"height":636,"size":289114,"status":"loaded"}}},{"insert":"\n"}]}