【管理辞典】职场自夸 / Self-promotion

「释义」

自夸是指有目的地向他人展示自己的高度能力的做法。当人们进行自夸时，他们的主要动机是想让别人认为自己有能力、有智慧或有才华（甚至不惜牺牲自己的形象）。当一个人在与他人竞争理想的、稀缺的资源时，如一份好工作或一个有吸引力的伴侣，自夸就变得特别有用和突出。人们可以在一般情况下或在特定领域中自我宣传自己的能力。

「应用场景」

没人喜欢自夸的人——也许是因为自夸会让人感到嫉妒、烦恼甚至愤怒。大量研究表明，自夸的人被视为（并且经常也是）自负、不安全和不体贴。同时，研究表明，谦虚者看起来比自夸的人更胜任工作。实际上，自我推销与绩效评估不佳也有联系，对女性而言尤为如此，自夸会让她们受到更严重的惩罚。尽管包括美国在内的一些文化更能接受自我推销，但自夸的潜在弊端似乎普遍存在。

No one likes a braggart—maybe because bragging makes others feel envy, annoyance, or even anger. Numerous studies have shown that a person who brags is seen as (and is often also being) egotistical, insecure, and inconsiderate. At the same time, research indicates, those who talk themselves up are not perceived as any more competent than their humbler counterparts. Self-promotion has actually been associated with worse performance reviews—particularly for women, who are penalized more heavily when they boast. And although certain cultures, including the United States, are more tolerant of self-promotion than others, the potential downsides to bragging seem to be universal.

以上文字选自《哈佛商业评论》中文版2021年5月刊《职场自夸需谨慎 》

莱斯利·约翰（Leslie K.John）| 文

马冰仑 丨编辑