passage2

注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。

       Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

【第3题】

       The official statistics are mildly discouraging. 【第1题】They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says,a "disjunction"between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.【第2题】

        Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing——are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy【第4题.B】, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.

        Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.

         Leonard Schlesinger,a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain,a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering"has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability【第4题.C】. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish【第4题.D】——"the worst sort of ambulance chasing."

一、文章结构分析

        这是一篇介绍美国生产力革命的文章。作者用改写谚语的方式提出文章主旨。论证部分先用数据说明美国经济形势没有商界人士认为的那样好，接着分析其原因是企业的生产力革命没有促进生产力的发展。主要使用了数据、引文、及说理的论证方法。

      第一段：开始部分使用谚语作为引子，引出全文主题：美国生产力革命并没有改善经济状况。

       第二段：指出官方统计数据无法证明经济的复苏，它和生产力飞跃增长的商业传奇不相符合。本段结构为总-分-总。第一句为主题句，中间部分使用数据说明，最后一句进行总结。

       第三段至第五段：具体解释企业重组没有促进生产力发展的原因。

1. According to the author, the American economic situation is.

[A] not as good as it seems

[B] at its turning point

[C] much better than it seems

[D] near to complete recovery

1.按照作者观点，美国经济形势。

[A]不如表面看上去那么好

[B]处于转折点

[C]比表面看起来好得多

[D]几乎完全复苏

【

对于A选项。The official statistics are mildly discouraging.官方统计数字有点令人沮丧。故美国经济形势不如表面看上去那么好。故选A。

B选项，文章并没有提到转折点。

C选项，文章官方统计数字有点令人沮丧。故美国经济形势不如表面看上去那么好，故C选项与原文表述相反。

D选项，文章也没有提到几乎完全复苏。

】

2.The official statistics on productivity growth.

[A]exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle

[B]fall short of businessment's anticipation

[C]meet the expectation of business people

[D]fail to reflect the true state of economy

2.关于生产力增长的官方统计数据。

[A]排除了商业周期中的正常反弹现象

[B]没有达到商业人士的预想

[C]达到了商业人士的预想

[D]没有反映出经济的真实状况

【

对于A选项。 The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.问题是，最近的加速部分是由于商业周期中此时出现的通常反弹，因此并不是潜在趋势复苏的确凿证据。原文是生产力增长是归结于通常反弹，但不是潜在趋势复苏的确凿证据。所以生产力增长是归结于通常反弹，而不是生产力增长要排除反弹现象这个因素。

A选项错误。

对于B选项。"disjunction"between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.指出生产力飞跃的大量商业轶事与统计数据所反映的情况之间的“脱节”。Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain 不劳不获，但是劳动了却没有收获又如何呢？这些句子反映生产力增长没有达到商业人士的预想。B选项正确。

对于C选项，跟B选项相反，故C选项错误。

对于D选项。and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的确凿证据。这一句也不能推断出没有反映出经济的真实状况。

】

3.The author raises the question "what about pain without gain?"because.

[A]he questions the truth of "no gain without pain"

[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works

[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading

[D]he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses

3.作者提出"有劳无获"的问题是因为。

[A]他怀疑"不劳无获"的真实性

[B]他认为所谓的生产力革命并没有奏效

[C]他怀疑官方数字有误导性

[D]他掌握了商业复苏的确凿证据

【

对于A选项。Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain?不劳不获，但是劳动了却没有收获又如何呢？这个句子只是提出疑问，为后文推敲“劳动了却没有收获”的原因做铺垫。并不是对"不劳无获"的这个词产生质疑，而是对于商人主导的生产力革命对经济发展没有奏效表示质疑。故A选项错误。

对于B选项。What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real 更难确定的是，商人们认为他们正在领导的生产力革命是否是真的。对于商人主导的生产力革命对经济发展没有奏效表示质疑。故B选项正确。

对于C选项。作者并未怀疑官方数据造假。The official statistics are mildly discouraging.只是说“官方的统计数据却有些让人沮丧”，言外之意是“官方数据表明经济发展的成果没有很理想的结果”。故C选项错误。

对于D选项。and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的确凿证据。原文不是潜在趋势的确凿证据。故全文没有得出掌握了商业复苏的确凿证据的结论。故D选项错误。

】

4.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.

[B]New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.

[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.

|[D]The consultants are a bunch of good for nothings.【good for nothings无用之辈】

4.下面哪个说法在文中没有被提及？

[A]激进的改革对于生产力的增长必不可少。

[B]新的企业组织方法可能有助于提高生产力。

[C]降低成本并不一定能带来长期利润。

[D]顾问是一群无用之辈。

chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability【第4题.C】. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish【第4题.D】

第一句：CBBDO的Al Rosenshine更为直率，在没有充分考虑长期盈利能力的情况下削减成本。可以推断出C选项被提及。降低成本并不一定能带来长期利润。

第二句：他认为许多重新设计顾问的工作纯属是垃圾。可以推断出D选项被提及。顾问是一群无用之辈。

New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing——are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy【第4题.B】

第三句：组织工作场所的新方法——所有的重新设计和裁员——是经济整体生产力的一个贡献。故新的企业组织方法可能有助于提高生产力。可以推断出B选项被提及。

对于A选项。原文只有开头提到生产力革命。What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.更难确定的是，商人们认为他们正在主持的生产力革命是否是真的。没有提到改革措施会提高生产力革命。故A选项没有被提及。

二、核心词汇与超纲词汇

（1）acceleration（n.）加速（度）；accelerate（v.）加速，促进

（2）blunt（a.）直率的，钝的；（v.）（使）钝，（使）迟钝

（3）disjunction（n.）分离，分裂

（4）revenue（n.）财政收入，税收

（5）preside（v.）（over，at）主持

（6）rebound（v.）跳回；回生；（n.）跳回，弹回；回生，回复

（7）restructuring（n.）重建，改组，调整；restructure（v.）重建，改组，调整；re前缀，表示"再"，"又"，"重新"，"反复"；如：reappear（v.）再次眼出现；reconstruction（n.）重建；retell（v.）复述；reunite（v.）使重聚

（8）revival（n.）苏醒，复苏，复活；复兴，再流行；revive（v.）恢复；使复苏

（9）speculative（a.）思索的，推测的；不确定的，冒险的；纯理论的；speculate（v.）（about，on）推测，推断；投机

（10）statistics（n.）统计（学）；statistical（a.）统计的，统计学的

三、阅读答案：A B B A

四、全文翻译：

       人们说，不劳不获。但是，如果付出了却没有收获会怎样呢？在美国，无论你走到哪里都会听到企业复苏的故事。但难以确定的是商业人士自认为领导的这场生产力革命是否确有其事。

       官方的统计数据却有些让人沮丧。这些数据表明，如果把制造业和服务业合起来算，1987年以来生产力平均增长1.2%，这比上一个十年的平均增长速度略快。自1991年来，生产力每年约增长2%。这比1978至1987年的平均增长速度高两倍多。问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长现象部分是由于商业周期到了这时候通常会出现的反弹造成的，因而它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的确凿证据。正如财政部长罗伯特·鲁宾所说的，大量有关生产力飞跃增长的商业传奇与统计数据所反映的情况之间存在着"出入"。

        这其中的一些原因很容易解释。企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新规划和缩小规模的做法--只能对一个经济的整体生产力做出一方面的贡献，而生产力的发展还受到许多其它因素的驱动，如设备机械上的联合投资、新技术、以及教育和培训上的投资。另外，公司大部分的改革是为了赢利，而达到赢利的目的不一定非要提高生产力：转入新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。

        其他两种解释带有很大的猜测性。一种解释认为，近年来的一些企业重组也许进行得并不恰当。另一种解释则认为，即使有成效，效果也没能象人们所设想的那样广泛。

        哈佛学者，快速发展的面包咖啡连锁店AuBonPain的前任总裁莱昂纳多·施莱辛格说，"重新规划"大多是粗糙的。他认为在很多情况下，企业收益的损失超出了成本的降低。他的同事迈克·比尔说，太多的公司采用了机械的方式进行重组，没有充分考虑长期赢利能力就削减成本。BBDD的艾尔·罗森夏恩更是直言不讳。他把重组顾问所做的许多工作视为垃圾--"典型的劳而无获"。

五、地毯式总结.

no gain without pain 不劳动就没有收获

tales of corporate revival 企业复兴的故事

preside over 主持

mildly discouraging 稍微令人沮丧

if you lump manufacturing and services together 如果你把制造业和服务业混为一谈

somewhat faster than 比...有一点儿快

the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle 在商业周期的这一点上发生的通常的反弹

and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend 因此，这并不是潜在趋势复苏的确凿证据

the treasury secretary 财政部长

a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 指出生产力飞跃的大量商业轶事与统计数据所反映的情况之间的“脱节”。

all that re-engineering and downsizing 所有的重新设计和裁员

such as joint investment in equipment and machinery 如设备和机械的联合投资

may have been ineptly done 可能做得不好

a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes 快速发展的面包连锁咖啡馆

that much "re-engineering"has been crude 那么多“重新设计”都是粗制滥造

chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability 在没有充分考虑长期盈利能力的情况下削减成本

BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter BBDO的Al Rosenshine更直率

He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish 他认为许多重新设计顾问的工作纯属垃圾

the worst sort of ambulance chasing 最糟糕的救护车追逐