【青和讲稿】中医针灸

The science of acupuncture and moxibustion is an important component of TCM.

针灸学是中国传统医学的重要组成部分，

Acupuncture and moxibustion can prevent and treat diseases

它达到预防和治疗疾病的目的

by means of needling certain acupoints located on the body with metal needles,

是通过用金属针刺激人体特定的穴位或部位，

or stimulating certain areas by applying heat with ignited moxa wool,

或艾绒燃烧所散发出来的热量

Ever since its appearance, Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion,

自从它的出现，中医针灸

with its special methods of curing disease and its amazing curative effect,

以其治病的独特方法和神奇疗效，

has earned the great popularity that it continues to enjoy now.

为它赢得了今天极高的声望。

 

Today’s program will be subdivided into three aspects:

本期节目将会从三方面进行展开：

 the principle of acupuncture, the clinical operation and the current situation of acupuncture and moxibustion.

针灸的原理、针灸的临床操作和针灸的发展现状

 

The science of acupuncture and moxibustion is based on the TCM theories,

针灸学是中医的基础的学科，

especially that of the jingluo (meridians and collaterals) in TCM,

特别是在经络方面。

it is theorized that the jingluo are pathways in which the qi and blood of the human body are circulated.

中医的经络学说认为经和络是人体气和血运行的通道，

They relate to the internal zangfu organs and extend over the body externally,

中医的经络学说认为经和络是人体气和血运行的通道，

forming a network and linking the tissues and organs into an organic whole,

将人体脏腑、组织、器官连接成为一个有机整体。

transporting qi and blood to nourish the zangfu organs, skin, muscles, tendons and bones.

运输气血，沟通脏腑与体表之间，

The jingluo system functions to transport qi and blood and regulate the balance between yin and yang of the whole body,

经络运行气血，使人体各部分的功能活动得以保持协调和相对平衡。

The jingluo system is made up of meridians and collaterals. The meridians include the twelve regular meridians,

经络系统包括十二经脉、

the eight extra meridians,

奇经八脉、

the twelve divergent meridians, the twelve muscle regions

十二经别、十二筋经、

and the twelve cutaneous regions;

十二皮部、

while the collaterals include the fifeen divergent collatarals. the superficial collaterals and fine collaterals.

十五络脉及浮络孙络。

 The twelve regular meridians are the major trunks of this system.

十二经脉是经络系统的主体，

Their names are based on multiple factors, namely: a yin or yang categorization,

其命名是根据其阴阳属性，

a zang or fu organ, and the areas they pass through.

所属脏腑，循行部位综合而定的。

 As the twelve regular meridians pertain to the twelve zang and fu organs respectively,

它们分别隶属于十二脏腑，

each regular meridian is named after the organ to which it pertains.

各经用其所属脏腑的名称。

 

Although acupuncture is safe and free from side-effects,

针灸疗法虽然比较安全，

accidents can occur owing to ignorance or disregard of the contraindications,

但也会引起一些意外发生，如果不注意禁忌，

imperfect manipulations,

操作不慎，

or want of the knowledge of anatomy.

或者缺乏解剖知识，

For example, infection may result when the needles are carelessly disinfected,

例如，因消毒不严格而引起感染，

and carelessness can result in the puncture of an organ or fainting.

操作不当引起器官损伤，或者出现晕针现象。

It is therefore very important that acupuncturists be strictly trained,

因此针灸者需经过严格的培训，

and know how to do the manipulations properly and what must be paid attention to.

掌握针灸操作的基本方法和注意事项。

 

The invention of acupuncture instruments is closely related to the development of human productivity.

针具的形成与生产力的发展有密切关系。

Made of stone or bone in remote antiquity, bian stone needles

从远古的砭石、骨针，

were later replaced by metal medical needles made from copper, gold or silver.

到古代的铜针、金针和银针，

Nowadays, they have evolved into stainless steel instruments.

演变到现代不锈钢的针具。

Acupuncture needles range from 1/2 cun

毫针长度从0.5 寸

(one cun equals about 3.3 cm) to five cun in length,

(1寸相当于3.3厘米)到5寸不等，

one cun and one point five cun being the most commonly used lengths.

其中1寸到3寸长的毫针是最常用的。

In addition to needles,

除针刺外,

Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion also includes the use of moxa.

灸法是中国针灸的另-种主要治疗方法。

Moxibustion uses moxa, or its products,

灸法的材料以艾绒为主，

made into a cigar shape (or small pyramid-shape) to blister or warm the skin

将其制成条状的艾条，或做成小金字塔形状的艾炷来熏灸皮肤。

 

.Acupuncture and moxibustion can cure many diseases.

针灸可以治疗多种疾病。

Modern medical experiments have proved that they have a positive effect on more than 300 diseases

临床实践表明，针灸治疗的病证有300种之多，

including internal diseases, external diseases, gynecological diseases, pediatric diseases,

涉及内、外、妇、儿

diseases of the eyes, ears, nose and throat.

和五官各科。

They have an especially good effect on certain syndromes involving pain, wind stroke, facial paralysis and insomnia.

特别是对各种痛证、中风、面瘫、失眠等有很好的疗效。

 

Before any treatment, needles should be carefully disinfected with 75% alcohol or a 1 .5% iodine tincture.

施术前应先将毫针用75%的酒精或1.5%的碘酊消毒好。

The operator should then choose the proper posture for the patient.

同时为患者选好合适的体位，

The patient can sit or be placed in a relaxed position either on their front or back.

如坐位，卧位等，

The position is important for the correct location of points, manipulation for acupuncture and moxibustion,

体位对于正确的定和操作有着重要价值，

prolonged retention of the needle, and in the prevention of fainting, bent needle, stuck needle or broken needle.

使其可以长时间留针并防止疲劳、弯针、滯针和断针。

 In the process of insertion,

将细软的毫针刺人腧穴的过程中，

the pressure of the fingers and skillful manipulations by the operator are especially important.

施术者要有相当的指力和熟练的技巧,

Selection of an appropriate angle and depth

针刺深度和角度，

depends upon the location of the point,

要根据腧穴的位置，

the therapeutic purpose, the patient's constitution

治疗的目的和患者的体质，

and whether the individual is fat or thin.

和体型的胖瘦来决定。

 

The needle should be inserted in a coordinated manner with the help of both hands.

毫针的刺人要两手协调共同完成，

Press alongside the acupuncture point with the nail of the thumb or other finger of the left hand,

左手的拇指指甲或其余手指指甲按压所针刺的穴位，

hold the needle with the right hand, position the needle tip closely against the nail,

右手持针，使针尖抵住押手指甲，

and then insert the needle into the point.

把针刺人腧穴中。

After it has reached its desired depth, lift and twirl the needle to obtain the arrival of qi.

针刺人腧穴后应施以一定的手法(捻转或提插)，促使患者得气。

When the patient feels soreness, numbness, heaviness or distension around the point,

当患者会感到针刺部位有酸、麻、胀、痛感，

or feels transmission upward and downward along the meridians,

或者有沿着经脉的沉浮传输的感觉，

it is a sign of the arrival of qi.

便是得气的标志

At the same time, the operator should feel the needle being gripped.

而施术者则感到针下有沉紧的感觉。

 

There are two types of moxibustion: direct and indirect.

当患者会感到针刺部位有酸、麻、胀、痛感，

 The direct method of moxibustion is further divided into two categories:

直接灸包括

the blister-producing method, and the non-blister-producing method.

发泡灸和不发泡灸，

As their names indicate, the blister-producing method will burn the skin and produce a blister,

发泡灸会使皮肤烧伤并且会起水泡，

while the non-blister -producing method will not.

发泡灸会使皮肤烧伤并且会起水泡，

Unlike the direct method,

与直接灸不同，

the indirect method does not burn the moxa directly on the skin.

间接灸不把艾炷直接接触皮肤，

Instead, it uses some kind of barrier layer, such as ginger, garlic, or salt.

而是使用- -些介质，如隔姜灸、隔蒜灸和隔盐灸。

The amount of moxibustion, including the size of the moxa cone,

艾灸的量是结合艾柱大小、

or the duration of the moxa stick application,

操作时间，

should reflect the patients' pathological condition,

并且要根据患者的病情，

general constitution, age and the site where the moxibustion is to be applied.

体质，年龄，施灸的部位来综合决定的。

 

Modern western science has discovered that

现代西方科学发现

acupoints are indeed different from other body surface positions

针灸穴位与其它体表位置确有不同，

through heat radiation and infrared rays.

通过热辐射及红外线，

Different acupuncture treatments will produce different stimulating effects

不同的针灸治疗也会产生不同的刺激效果

under different pathological states.  

在不同的疾病状态下。

Nowadays, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine is widely recognized in western countries,

如今，中医针灸在西方国家得到广泛认可，

and its obvious curative effect and minimal side effects have become a way of health preservation.

其明显的疗效和微乎其微的副作用，更是成了一种养生方式。

 This natural remedy that allows the body's yin and yang to balance itself

这种让身体的阴阳自我平衡的自然疗法

has opened up many new ideas for the diseases that are considered incurable in modern western medicine.  

打开了许多在现代医学认为是不治之症的新思路。

 

Nowadays, the development of traditional Chinese medicine has ushered in a new climax.

在如今，中医的发展迎来了一个新的高潮，

More and more people are aware of the importance of health preservation,

越来越多人意识到养生保健的重要性，

and the medical model is gradually shifting from "treating diseases" to "maintaining health".

医学模式也逐渐从“治疗疾病”向“维护健康”转型。

 

 In the new era of Chinese health for 2030,

在2030健康中国的新时代，

I hope that the inherent advantages of Chinese medicine can be maximized

愿中医的先天优势能得到最大程度的发挥，

and patients can ultimately benefit.

病人们也能最终受益。

Ok, that is all for today’s programme, thank you very much for watching.

好的以上便是本期的全部内容，十分感谢大家的观看。

QingNangHeSheng helps the growth of Chinese medicine,  see you next time.

青囊和声，助力中医成长，我们下期再见。