牛津大学客座教授：概念界定从句中的关系代词1

- whereby is commonly used in formal writing instead of by which, by means of which, and through which. where 通常用于正式写作，而不是 by which, by which, and through which。

1. Here are two final pieces of advice about writing formal definitions. First, if possible, avoid using any form of your term in the definition. Using the term itself in the definition can result in a circular or uninformative definition. 以下是关于编写正式定义的最后两条建议。 首先，如果可能，避免在定义中使用任何形式的术语。在定义中使用术语本身可能会导致循环或无信息定义。

例如：Erosion is a process during which the surface of the earth erodes. 侵蚀是地球表面侵蚀的过程

修改为：Erosion is a process during which the surface of the earth is degraded by the effects of the atmosphere, weather, and human activity. 侵蚀是地球表面因大气、天气和人类活动的影响而退化的过程。

基于Swales & Feak, 2012,73