名校考什么之英语语法单选题 2024学年上海复旦附中高三开学“语法忍者”练习
这是复旦附中高三新近开学就做的一套100题的语法单选练习"Grammar Ninjia Contest"。本文选择了前22道。题目涵盖了高中的核心主干语法，即围绕着非谓语动词而展开的时态，语态，还有从句等等句法的考察。按理说，语法这般严苛的考察，应该是高一高二的事情了，但四校就是四校，高三开学伊始，就要给大家一个下马威，用有相当难度的语法选择题来重温最基础也最重要的的语法。
同学们可以挑战一下，不管高一，高二还是高三。保证酸爽。
参考答案：BACCB/CABBB/BCBDD/AABDC/AA
22道语法选择题
1.They quarreled over the question _______had the biggest contribution to the football team.
A.as to whom
B.who
C. that who
D.which
2. Travelers to that area can carry diseases to their own countries that have never experienced
A.them B.it
C.themselves
D.itself
3.________, I strongly believe, and you will find Jimmy, our military trainer who is fresh fromuniversity, very outgoing.
A.Having a talk with himB. Given a talk with him
C. One talk with himD. If you have a talk with him
4. Folded in the envelope was a card,______with a message under the printed Happy Birthday.
A.what B.which C.one D.that
5.Seldom are the books written_______present practical information_______relates directly todaily classroom instruction.
A././ B.which..that C.what..which D.that…what
6.The company wanted to know if the places he had written about, and in particular his native village, where most of his novels took place ______the only topics he could deal with.
A.in which B. was C. were D.where
7. Under the pressure of inflation, many families, nowadays in China, cry helplessly over _____ is left of their homes.
A.what
B.which
C. there
D.that
8. Smith is expecting a pay rise,______are several other salesmen in the team.
A.which
B.as
C.what
D. there
9.________halfway through our exercise, the teacher changed her mind and collected all ourpapers.
A. When being B. When we were C. Since we were D. Having been
10.Mothers can be seen leaving supermarkets with trolleys piled high with"junk food". Their families are eating far more calories than________good for them.
A. that is B.are
C./
D. those are
11.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the extent________they ean becontrolled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which
C.of which
D.in which
12.The connection between Paul of the New Orleans Hornets and James of the Miami Heat has strengthened during the past seven years, to the point________James thinks of Paul as his best friend in the NBA.
A. which B.what C.that D.where
13.Throughout the history of the Olympic Games ordinary men and women have shown extraordinary sportsmanship,___it is an athlete helping to fix the bicycle of his opponent or two athletes from warring nations walking arm-in-arm before the world.
A.no matter B.whether C. provided D.whatever
14.Constant positive remarks lead ___confidence quickly.
A. students to gaining B.to students to gain
C.students' to gain D.to students gaining
15. ______,the amount of money left in the bank was only 100 dollars.
A. Having paid his taxesB. Paying his taxes
C. Having been paid to taxes D. After his taxes had been paid
16.I have two job candidates, one of ______graduating from Harvard, and_______from Oxford.Which do you think is the better?
A. them, the other B.them, other
C.whom, the other
D.whom, another
17.All of a sudden, he paused, and looked forward as though_____his direction.
A. to check B. check
C.to checking D. to be checking
18.________about how to prevent the crisis, the boss glanced up, only to find all the employees' _______ gaze on him
A.Concerned..concerning B.Concerned...concerned
C. Concerning…concerning D.Concerning…concerned
19.San Diego's Zoo,Wild Animal Park, and Sea World are places where residents and visitors alike can enjoy rare animals and plants in shows and exhibitions, _______in part by San Diego's climate.
A.made it possible
B. making it possible C. making possible
D.made possible
20.No British Christmas dinner is complete without the iconic Christmas pudding, ______at the very end of the meal.
A.to serve
B. serving
C. served
D.being served
21._______, I demanded his telling me nothing but the truth.
A. Knowing Jack to be honestB. Having known Jack being honest
C. Having known Jack honestD. Knowing Jack being honest
22.Days shy of his 18th birthday, Su Yiming of China followed up last week's silver in slope style by earning another Olympic medal Tuesday,______a pair of 1800s on his first two runs to strike gold in men's snowboard big air.
A.landing B.to land C.landed D. having landed
详细解答：
1. 显然question后是一个从句。
首先判明the question与后面从句在意义和语法上的关系。易知，the question 与 谁 had the biggest contribution to the football team，是同义的(后者是前者的具体解释)。吻合同位语从句“前抽象+后解释”的结构，故此处为同位语从句。那么直接用疑问代词who引导即可。
注：who的关系从句中与who的名词从句中的的最显著区别，就是后者是从who的特殊疑问句而来，依然带有疑问之意。而前者则无，who单纯是引导词，指代前面的某人。
2. 这个句子，为了考察前后的指代关系，出得有些刻意，现实中一般不会这样容易引起歧义地表达。
首先，弄清楚这里的定语从句that指代的是their own countries，而非 diseases。
那么句意较为自然地解读为：他们的自己的国家没有罹患过这些疾病。注意前述的疾病为复数，所以，用 them指代。
不过，如果此处把experience视为不及物或者说刻意省略掉其后的物，那么此处可以解读为their own countries have never experienced(diseases)(by)themselves. 句意基本不变，只是themselves 作为反身代词，指代这些国家了。带有一丝强调之意。
所以，这个题目按照单纯语法角度，A是自然的答案，但按照出题人的“别有用心”，有可能指向答案C
3. 这个题目，其实是考察一个交际用语中的习惯句式。即：祈使句，and you will...。可以说从初中开始，就做过类似的题目。只不过置于高中语法的语境中，就刻意代入了非谓语动词的复杂背景来做干扰。
同学们需要有一双慧眼，看破这种迷雾，还原出根本的语法。容易排除掉ABD, 选C. 因为仅有C是一个祈使句(虽然是不常见的名词型祈使句)
注：祈使句常见的动词型的，像Come on!, 但也有名词型(例如 silence!)和副词型(Quickly!)
4. 这是one做同位语的一个典型场景。至于其他选项，在看清楚“with....birthday”的部分并非句子之后，可马上排除从句的可能(因为缺少谓语动词)。
简化一下原句：there is a card，one with...(with...短语，做后置定语修饰one)
5. 又是倒装句开头来提升拆解难度，此句的题眼是written，可以判断written仅能视作修饰the books的后置定语(没有在从句中起作用的可能),虽然这样使用有一点少见(多做前置定语)。
所以本句简化为：the written books are seldom _______ present practical information _______ relates directly todaily classroom instruction.
易判断两处皆为定语从句，第一空引导词做主语(先行词books)，第二空引导词同样做主语(先行词为information)，因为有present和relates两个谓语动词来判断。
所以，that, which 都可以用在这里，答案选B
多说一点，that, which最好各用一次，这样句子表达更舒服(无重复感)。
6. 句子结构较为复杂，因为有and...和where...部分的干扰。但如果能化繁为简，这个题目答案却又呼之欲出。
The company wanted to know if sth _____ the only topics. 显然答案为were(复数topics可辅助判断)
7. 此题较容易 many families cry over _____ is left of their homes. 显然为宾语从句，用what
cry over sth 为...而哭泣。
8. 此句考察连词as的一种独特用法，就是类似so用法的省略句(也是倒装句)。看下把so代入，是不是就很自然了。
9. CD的非谓语用法都是错误的，因为本句的主语为the teacher, 而前面的非谓语的逻辑主语应该是we((句子主语应该与充当状语作用的非谓语的逻辑主语统一). 显然，B更吻合句意。
10. 此题较难，考察than在做比较的特殊用法，建议同学们直接这样记：than+ (情态动词)be 动词 / 助动词，这就是惯常结构，不能多，也不能少。原句显然是省略句，大致可以还原为：Their families are eating far more calories than calories that are good for them。也就是说还原后的句子，than前后对比的东西，是对等的。是一种calories与另一种calories的对比。
calories是复数，后用are.
11. 此题定语从句，考察介词+引导词的使用。，关键还是读懂extent在此句中的作用和它自身的惯常用法“to the extent of / to some extent”
句子意思：人类的面部表情与动物的面部表情不同点是在 程度上。(是在什么程度上呢?)是面部表情能够被刻意控制到哪一程度上。
12. 此句出得不妥，因为that, where均可。where比that稍微正式点，且where用得更多些(我查了一下词频)。另外，此从句既可视作定语从句，也可以同位语从句来对待。
大家记住：to a/the point where/that...这种较为高级的表达。
13. no matter+how/when/where/what/who...后面的疑问词不可省。
Provided 倘若，表示假设某种情形，此处语境不够吻合
whatever引导名词从句，且在从句中本身要充当成分，whatever happens, we will fight until the end.
此句考察的就是whether引导的表条件的从句的一种少见用法，即就是在我们惯常的“非此即彼”的二元选择之外，还可以是多种可能里的两种或多种选择。
例如：Whether the thing is red, yellow or white, i will choose it.
所以显然，原句就是举了奥林匹克运动中无处不在的体育家精神中的2种案例。
翻译的话就是：不管是...亦或是...
14. 考察lead动词用法：lead to sth, lead sb to sth, lead sb to do sth
结合语境，理论上可以有这样3种表达：lead to students’/students gaining confidence, lead students to gaining confidence， lead students to gain confidence. 均可。对照选项，有AD.但A极不常见，所以选D。当然，最好最自然的表达是lead students to gain confidence
注意：动名词前的逻辑主语，一般是用名词所有格，不过，在动名词充当主语之外的结构时，也可以用普通格。此处即是一例。
15. 与第9题类似，考察了“非谓语动词的逻辑主语应该与谓语动词的主语一致”的语法，可迅速排除ABD，选择D，从句的表达。
16. 题眼是graduating，此处显然是非谓语动词，故排除从句的可能。可排除CD。再看下句子，在明确的2人中，表达另一个，用the other. 选A.
17. 考察 as if/though的一种特殊用法，即“省略式地表达”，一般会省略掉主语和助动词，而是直接接现在分词/过去分词，形容词/副词，介词短语。当然，还可以接不定式(此时相当于省略了主语+want)。
此题中，还原完整句子：
as though checking his direction = as though he was checking his direction 好像他正在检查方位
as though to check his direction = as though he wanted to check his direction.好像他想检查一下方位。
两种句意都可。
不过，对照选项，仅能选A
18. 主要考察concern的用法。抓住一点 concern表“影响”“牵涉”“使...担心”，受影响/被牵涉到的、担心的，那就是动作的 承受者，就要用被动，此句中，the boss 是受...影响(一般就意译为担心...), 所以用concerned 过去分词;employees gaze, 是“体现出担心的眼神注目，同样用concerned，这里，可以用worried等价来理解, worried looks and concerned gaze. 选B
19. 这个是考察非谓语动词的短语，做表结果的状语，最好的解法，就是将这种省略式的表达，还原为从句的完整表达，结合语境，显然用which引导,关系从句，先行词是前面的整个状况(居民和游客可以欣赏到稀有的动植物展览) ...which is made possible in part by...。根据非谓语与从句的变换原则，显然选D.
因为：由从句简化为非谓语结构，通常就是省掉该引导用的连词+be动词或have助动词
20. 在单纯地非谓语动词的选择中，有一条基本的原则，就是”从简“，此题，结合句意，需表达被动，所以用served.
21. 考察know的用法 know sb to do sth习惯搭配(即动词不定式). 仅A正确。不过，一般这个表达，know多用完成式,I have know her to be a spy.(没这个选项)
22 因为涉及到一点东奥比赛项目的专业名词，所以，并不能读懂全部细节。不过，可以判断land是主动，不涉及到被动语态。且在此句中______ a pair of .....应该整体是解释他周四夺得第二枚奖牌的具体过程/原因。landing与having landed在语法上皆可。前者一般式，后者完成式。在前2跳中的land与夺得(strike)金牌，这2个动词确实是有时间上的先后之分，不过因为时间与因果的逻辑关系清晰，不可能产生误解，且两个动作是紧挨地发生的，所以，还是推荐遵照”从简“原则，用一般式landing即可。
