如何去理解英语句子:考研/雅思/托福句子分析(2023年7月10日)
例句:The Natufians made (and presumably wore) beads and pendants in many materials, including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported, and it is possible that this ornamentation actually reflects a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status.
对于这个句子的语法分析,首先,这是并列连词and并列的前后两个句子:
分句1:The Natufians made (and presumably wore) beads and pendants in many materials, including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported,
并列连词:and
分句2:it is possible that this ornamentation actually reflects a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status.
在分句1中,句子的主语是名词词组The Natufians,动词是单宾语及物动词made (and presumably wore) ,宾语是名词词组beads and pendants in many materials, including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported。所以,整个句子的句型是主动宾,具体分析如下:
主语:The Natufians,注意这里的Natufians加了s,是复数,所以,意思是纳图芬人。
动词:made (and presumably wore) ,make作为动词,主要是作为单宾语及物动词,或者带宾补及物动词来使用。作为单宾语及物动词的时候,后面只有一个宾语,它的意思是制作,作为带宾补及物动词的时候,后面是宾语+宾语的结构,它的意思是使、令、让。
宾语:beads and pendants in many materials, including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported,这是一个非常长的名词词组结构,整体做句子的宾语,在这个宾语中,in many materials这个介词词组是用来修饰前面的名词beads and pendants(珠子和吊坠),所以,beads and pendants in many materials的意思是:(很多材质的)珠子和吊坠。另外,这个名词词组之所以比较长,是因为后面有一个including引导的介词词组,这里要注意这里的including是一个介词,不是一个-ing分词。这里的including介词词组修饰的对象是前面的名词materials,所以,它前面的逗号其实不应该存在,应该省去,也就是beads and pendants in many materials including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported,这里的逗号之所以需要去掉,是因为这里是介词词组修饰前面的名词,这种修饰关系应当是依附性的修饰手段,修饰对象和修饰成分之间是不应当加逗号的。在including引导的介词词组中,宾语是gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported这个名词词组,这个名词词组的结构形式是:名词+并列连词+名词+定语从句,后面的这个定语从句修饰的是前面两个名词,给这两个名词添加信息,所以意思是:(必须进口的)宝石和贝壳。
在分句2中,主语是形式主语it,动词是系动词is,表语是形容词possible,后面部分是that引导的名词性从句做句子的真正主语that this ornamentation actually reflects a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status. 所以,整个句子的句型是主系表,具体分析如下:
形式主语:it
系动词:is
表语:possible
真正主语:that this ornamentation actually reflects a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status。
在that引导的这个句子中,句子的句型是主动宾,主语是名词词组this ornamentation,动词是单宾语及物动词actually reflects,宾语是名词词组a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status,具体分析如下:
主语:this ornamentation
动词:actually reflects,这里的副词actually修饰的是单宾语及物动词reflect,所以,需要位于动词的前面,此外,当我们划分句子成分的时候,修饰性成分需要好修饰对象划为一体,就如同上面的形容词this需要和后面它修饰的名词ornamentation划为一体,共同做句子的主语部分一样,这里的副词actually需要和后面它修饰的动词reflects划为一体,共同做句子的动词部分。
宾语:a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status,这个宾语是一个非常长的名词词组,首先,这是并列连词and并列的前后两个名词词组,在前面这个名词词组中,a growing sense of ethnic identity,后面的of介词词组修饰前面的名词sense,一个不断增长的…意识,也就是,一个不断增长的民族身份意识。在后面这个名词词组中,perhaps some differences in personal and group status,首先,最前面的perhaps是副词,修饰后面整个名词词组,然后,后面的in介词词组也是修饰前面的名词,也就是修饰differences,或许在…方面的一些不同点,也就是,也许在个人和群体地位方面的一些差异。
翻译:纳土芬人制作了(而且可能佩戴)很多材质的珠子和吊坠,包括必须进口的宝石和贝壳,而且,或许,这种装饰实际上反映了一种日益增长的民族认同感,而且,也许还反映了在个人和群体地位方面的一些差异。
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