实用英语语法1：从句，名词性从句，过去分词功能

从句

3大类：状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句

状语从句9种，名词性从句4种

名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

引导词可以是连词、代词、副词等

主语从句

1. that引导（连词引导）

That I don’t like durian is known to my friends.

That he was admited by Stanford University surprised us all.

That doing is better than saying is a classic proverb.

为了避免头重脚轻，往往使用一个形式主语it，而把主语放在句末。

It is a pity that you (should) miss the concert.

It is a shame that the rain (should) spoil our outddor activity.

It is no wonder that the lazy student (should) fail his final examination.

过去分词的功能

1. 作表语

表情绪，主语是人

My son was exited about his first trip in an airplane.

She was surprisedat his visit, for it was deep night.

After enjoying her performance on stage, I felt touched.

过去分词作表语与被动语态形式一样，功能上不同，前者表状态，后者表动作。

The product is finished. （是完成的，状态，过去分词）

The product won’t be finished until next May. （被完成，动作，被动）

The story is well written. （写得好的，状态）

The story was written by a pupil. （被写，被动语态）

2. 作补语

与宾语构成复合宾语。

The poor boy watched his father arrested by the police.

He felt himself cheated.

I have had my bike repaired.

3. 作定语

前置

You’re a bored housewife trying to kill time here.

Mr. Smith is a convinced Christian.

Guilt comes from a frightened part of your personality.

与名词构成事物名词，表被动或完成

被动：boiled water, ruled class, canned food, written plan

完成：developed country, fallen star, arrived guests, retired worker

过去分词短语，后置

Our class went on a happy trip organized by the monitor last Sunday.

Most of the people invited to the conference were my old friends.

4. 作状语

6种状语：时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、让步

时间状语

Told that his mother was ill, Tom hurried home quickly.

Asked what had happened, he said nothing.

Hit on the head by a ball, the girl was rowing the boat.

待续