《经济学人》双语：英国私人心理健康治疗室的发展与问题？

原文标题：
Mental health
Talk talk
The market for private therapy is booming and largely unregulated
心理健康
聊聊
私人治疗市场正在蓬勃发展且基本不受监管

Would tighter rules make sense?

更严格的监管是否有意义？

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IF A QUACK sets up shop in Britain, calls himself a doctor of medicine and is reported, he is likely to end up regretting it.

如果一个江湖郎中在英国开店，自称医学博士如果被举报了，他最终会后悔。

“Doctor”, along with other professional health titles from “art therapist” to “hearing-aid dispenser”, is protected in law. Pretenders face unlimited fines.

 “医生、艺术治疗师、助听器调节员”等专业健康职场都受到法律保护。冒充者将面临无上限罚款。

Yet “therapist” (including the “psycho-” sort) is not. Anyone can do a weekend counselling course—or not bother with one at all—and take paying patients.
然而“治疗师”（包括“心理治疗师”））却未受保护。任何人都可以开一个周末的咨询课程——或者根本不用开课——就能接受付费患者。

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Regulating this field is difficult since therapy covers so many practices, from crystal healing to psychoanalysis.

监管这一领域很困难，因为治疗涵盖了从水晶治疗到精神分析等诸多实操过程。

But calls for the government to try are growing, because private therapy is booming.

但是由于私人治疗正在蓬勃发展，呼吁政府监管的声音越来越高。

It is tricky to quantify the size of the market but two things indicate speedy growth.
市场规模很难量化，但有两件事表明了快速增长。

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One is the long queue for treatment on the National Health Service (NHS).

一个迹象是国家医疗服务体系 (NHS) 的治疗排起了长队。

Mind, a charity, says 1.6m people are on waiting lists for mental-health treatment (and 8m with lesser problems would benefit from treatment).

慈善机构 Mind 表示，有 160 万人在心理健康治疗的等候名单上（还有800万人有轻微问题需要治疗）。

Many who can afford it instead go private. Glenys Parry, a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist and an emeritus professor at the University of Sheffield, says it is likely that “more people with significant depression, anxiety and distress in personal relationships are now seeking private therapists”.
许多有能力支付的人选择私人治疗。临床心理学家兼心理治疗师、谢菲尔德大学名誉教授格伦尼斯·帕里说，“现在越来越多患有重度抑郁症、焦虑症及受个人关系困扰的人正在寻求私人治疗”。

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Another sign is growing demand for therapy for personal development—to help people become happier or more successful—which is wholly met by private supply.

另一个迹象是对个人发展治疗的需求不断增长——帮助人们变得更快乐或更成功——这完全由私人治疗来满足。

More companies are offering access to therapists as a perk to employees.

越来越多的公司为员工提供咨询治疗师的福利。

The jargon of therapy (“boundaries”, “triggers”, “trauma”) has entered everyday language.

治疗术语（“界限”、“触发因素”、“创伤”）已进入日常用语。

The increased use of online meeting platforms during the pandemic made talking therapies more accessible.
疫情期间线上会议平台的使用增加了对谈话疗法的可访问性。

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Many private therapists are registered with respected bodies like the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, which has training requirements for its members and a complaints procedure.

许多私人治疗师都在英国咨询和心理治疗协会等受人尊敬的机构注册登记，该协会对其成员有培训要求且设有投诉程序。

But the onus to check that a therapist is on such a list is on the patient—who may be too upset or trusting to think of it.

但是检查治疗师是否在机构名单上的责任落到了患者身上——他们可能因为太沮丧或太信任而没有考虑到这一点。

The lack of regulation anyway limits the protection such associations can provide.

无论如何，缺乏监管限制了此类协会可提供的保护力度。

If someone is ejected from a register, there is nothing to stop them continuing to practise and rake it in.
就算有人被逐出协会，也没有什么措施会阻止他们继续拉活赚钱。

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Helen Ritzema, a child and adolescent psychotherapist, says it is difficult even for some professionals to decipher what training someone has had.

儿童和青少年心理治疗师海伦·里茨玛表示，即使是一些专业人士也很难辨认某人接受过哪些培训。

She is concerned that some schools and NHS trusts have employed therapists to work with children though they have been trained only for adults.

她担心一些学校和 NHS 信托会聘请只接受过成人培训的治疗师来解决儿童心理问题。

There is a danger this may lead them to misinterpret children’s behaviours, confusing them with those of adults with personality disorders.
这可能导致他们误解儿童的行为，将儿童行为与患有人格障碍的成年人行为混为一谈。

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What might regulation entail?

监管可能包括什么？

There is a limit to how many hoops, if any, a lifestyle therapist should have to jump through.

生活方式治疗师需要通过多少个关卡（如果有的话）。

But Dr Ritzema believes the titles “psychotherapist” and “child psychotherapist” should be protected in law (as titles used by psychologists, including “clinical” and “educational”, already are).

但里茨玛认为，“心理治疗师”和“儿童心理治疗师”这些职称应该受到法律保护（包括已经使用的心理学家职称，如“临床治疗师”和“教育治疗师”）

The Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland insist on six years of training before someone can call themselves a psychotherapist. The title is also protected in Finland and France.
荷兰、瑞典和瑞士坚持要求经过6年的培训才能称自己为心理治疗师。这个职称在芬兰和法国也受到保护。

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Tighter regulation would not guarantee better outcomes, however. Some forms of treatment do not work for everyone.

然而，更严格的监管并不能保证更好的效果。某些形式的治疗并不适用于所有人。

Miguel Farias, a psychologist at Coventry University who has researched the adverse effects of mindfulness meditation, says about 8% of those who undergo it end up in worse mental shape.

考文垂大学心理学家米格尔·法里亚斯研究过正念冥想的不良影响，他说大约 8% 的人在接受正念冥想治疗后，精神状态变得更糟糕了。

He describes mindfulness groups (one of the practices that are provided by the NHS) as being like “a mental-health assembly line”.

他将正念小组（NHS 提供的一种治疗项目）描述为“一条心理健康流水线”。

People with mental-health issues often need one-to-one care, he says.

他说，有心理健康问题的人通常需要一对一的关怀。

Bad experiences can also stem from simple mismatches between therapist and patient.

仅仅是治疗师和患者不匹配问题就会导致糟糕的治疗体验。

A business owner describes going for therapy after a startup failed. The therapist was recommended by a friend.

一位企业主描述了他在创业失败后接受心理治疗的经历。治疗师是朋友推荐的。

“I was in a terrible, anxious state, with insomnia and panic attacks that were getting worse,” he says.

他说：“我处于一种可怕、焦虑的状态，失眠和惊恐发作越来越严重。”

“I described all this to the therapist, who said: ‘Tell me about your relationship with your father.’ I told her it was great, thanks, and never went back.”

“我向治疗师描述了所有这些情况，她说：‘告诉我你与你父亲的关系。’我告诉她很好，谢谢，之后就再也没去过治疗师那里。”

（恭喜读完，本篇英语词汇量721左右）
原文出自：2023年4月15日《The Economist》Britain版块。

精读笔记来源于：自由英语之路

本文翻译整理: Irene本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

【补充资料】（来自于网络）
Crystal Healing水晶疗法是一种替代性或非传统医学形式，用于治疗个体并恢复其生活的平衡感。西方也有一种从远古时代流传下来的水晶疗法，跟磁疗法的道理一样：按照需要的能量，把水晶排列在身体上，利用水晶调整身体的磁场进行疗愈。水晶可以将更多的生命力传导入身体中，并将负面能量排放出去。

Mindfulness Groups正念小组是一种心理服务形式，因其简单易学且效果显著而备受推崇。正念是“以一种特定的方式去关注，是一种非评判的、有目的的、无思虑的觉醒状态”。它起源于东方，后传入西方被美国的卡巴金博士吸纳创立为正念减压疗法（Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction,MBSR）。以正念减压疗法为核心的一系列正念技术和训练方法被证明对疼痛、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、压力等问题有很好的缓解作用。

【重点句子】（3个）
“Doctor”, along with other professional health titles from “art therapist” to “hearing-aid dispenser”, is protected in law. Pretenders face unlimited fines.
 “医生、艺术治疗师、助听器调节员”等专业健康职场都受到法律保护。冒充者将面临无上限罚款。

Another sign is growing demand for therapy for personal development—to help people become happier or more successful—which is wholly met by private supply.
另一个迹象是对个人发展治疗的需求不断增长——帮助人们变得更快乐或更成功——这完全由私人治疗来满足。

Bad experiences can also stem from simple mismatches between therapist and patient.
仅仅是治疗师和患者不匹配问题就会导致糟糕的治疗体验。