【龙腾网】特斯拉VS蔚来：世界最大电动汽车市场争夺战
正文翻译
When Jeff Shaw needs to get his car refueled, he doesn't go to a gas station and not always one that charges electric vehicles. In stead he goes to a battery swap station. In about five minutes, he can have his EV battery replaced with a fully charged one that has a driving range of up to 260 miles, more than enough for the 42 year old's daily commute to work.
JEFF SHA :" That's way faster than the gas station experience I think."
当杰夫·沙（音）需要给他的爱车“加油”时，他不会去加油站，也并不常去电动汽车的充电站。与众不同地，他去的是一个“换电站”。只需大约5分钟，他就能给自己的电动车更换一个满电量电池，续航里程可达260英里（约416公里），足够这位现年42岁的男士日常工作通勤所需。
沙先生：“我感觉这比去加油站加油快多了。”
Sha is driving a NIO, a rising star in China's electric vehicle market. At the end of 2020, NIO is worth more than general motors, ranking as the world's fifth most valuable automaker, and that has a lot to do with its batteries and it's vehicle-battery separation solution. In other words, a NIO customer doesn't need to buy the vehicle with the battery. And so far, it's the only automaker in China to do this. Many investors say NIO's commercial strategy is revolutionary.
沙先生驾驶的是一辆蔚来电动车——一款中国电动车市场上的新星。到2020年底，蔚来的市值已经超过通用汽车，成为全球第五大“最有价值汽车制造商”，而这与它的电池技术及独特的“汽车-电池分离”解决方案密不可分。换句话说，蔚来的客户在购买汽车时，将无需同时购买电池。截至目前，它还是唯一一家这么做的汽车制造商。许多投资者表示，蔚来的商业策略是革命性的。
NIO isn't the first electric company to try switching out the battery. In 2013, Tesla demoed its battery swap technology and the following year built a trial swap station in California. But Tesla later dropped the project saying drivers weren't interested in swapping their batteries, because the supercharging stations were fast enough, even as these charges can take more than 75 minutes to fully power a car.
然而，蔚来并非首家尝试“电池更换”方案的电动车公司。2013年，特斯拉就演示了其电池更换技术，并于第二年在加州建立了一个试验性电池更换站。但特斯拉后来放弃了该项目，称车主们对这种方案不感兴趣，因为“超级充电站”的速度已经足够快——即使（当时）这些充电站可能需要超过75分钟才能为一辆特斯拉电动轿车充满电。
Despite tesla pulling the plug on battery swaps, its Chinese rival NIO is moving ahead with the technology. The concept of battery swapping is fairly straightforward. The actually implementing it and making a viable business out of it is quite a bit more complicated. Batteries are single most expensive component in an EV, but the problem is, batteries are also still in a rapid stage of development. And so, today manufacturers have been reluctant standardize anything.
然而，特斯拉的中国竞争对手，蔚来却看中了这一技术。电池更换从技术上说其实相当简单，但要把它推广成为一种实用的业务却要复杂得多。电池是电动汽车中最昂贵的部件，而问题的关键是，车用电池技术仍处于快速发展阶段，汽车制造商们眼下并不乐意就电池技术确立任何标准化的东西。
But NIO is choosing to standardize the battery. So while most electric vehicles have battery packs that are uniquely designed, for specific models and are built into the cars, NIO has one battery pack that fits into all its models. And its battery costs about ten thousand seven hundred dollars. So that means NIO's cheapest model which costs aroundd fifty two thousand dollars gets a twenty percent discount if buyers choose to skip the battery. The company said a third of its customers are buying cars without the battery.
但蔚来仍选择了电池标准化的道路。因此，尽管大多数电动汽车的电池组都是针对特定车型设计、并内置在汽车里，蔚来的所有车型却都将使用同一款电池——一款售价大约在10700美元的车用电池。这就意味着，购买一辆售价最低的蔚来车（价格约52000美元）时，如果买家选择“换电”方案从而放弃购买电池，就相当于直接打折20%。蔚来表示，已有三分之一的客户选择了这种方案。
For a flat fee of about a hundred fifty dollars a month, NIO drivers can get six battery replacements at more than 160 battery swap stations across China.
NIO drivers also have other battery options like charging at home or using an app to request a charging track to show up. But its services and stations in China fall far short of what's needed to convince the world's largest EV market to uptake battery swap vehicles.
每月支付约150美元费用，蔚来车主就可以在全中国已有的160多个电池更换站，（每月最多）更换6个电池。蔚来车主当然还有其它选项，比如在家充电，或使用APP预订充电服务等。
然而，蔚来目前的服务规模和站点数量，还远远不能说服当今世界最大的电动汽车市场接受电池更换方案电动程度。
蔚来电池更换站分布
特斯拉超级充电站分布
Just compare the number of NIO's battery swap stations to Tesla's supercharging stations in the country, and the more than 2000 stations it has worldwide. And this is where the government comes into play.
看一看蔚来的电池更换站数量及分布，再比较一下特斯拉在中国的“超级充电站”数量和分布——更不用说后者遍布全球的2000多个站点。
In the long run, government policy will likely determine how the EV industry in China develops.
而这里，就到了政府发挥作用的时候：从长远看，很可能是政府的政策决定着中国电动汽车产业的发展方向。
Battery swapping is getting a push this year. For the first time, the technology was mentioned in China's annual policy blueprint. There's also a subsidy that seems designed to help NIO. Consumers who purchase battery swap vehicles with a minimum driving range of 250 miles, can receive about 3,500 dollars in subsidies. However, EV without battery swaps can only qualify if priced below 46,000 dollars. Tesla had to cut the price of its model 3 in China by 10% to meet that threshold.
电池更换概念在今年得到了全面推动。中国政府在其年度经济蓝图中首次提到了这项技术。一些补贴政策的出台似乎也是为了帮助蔚来：消费者购买“换电”车型，只需达到最低续航里程250英里（400公里）便可获得3500美元补贴；而相对地，非“换电”型号电动车，则需整车价格超过4.6万美元才能享受该补贴。为了满足这一补贴门槛，特斯拉不得不将在中国出售的Model3降价10%。
This type of support has persuaded other Chinese automakers to signal that they too could adopt the technology. They'll take a critical mass of automakers to commit before China runs in battery swaps.
这种政策支持已经开始说服其它中国汽车制造商考虑采用电池更换技术。要在全中国普及该方案，必须先让绝大多数的汽车厂商采用该技术。
But beijing isn't only supportive of NIO.
但北京也并不仅仅为蔚来提供支持。
"We want to very much say thank you and appreciation for the Shanghai government and the support." About one year after tesla started building its gigafactory in Shanghai, it started delivering model 3 sedans in China. Far outpacing the sales of NIO vehicles. NIO is still playing catch-up, but Jeff Sha is betting on the future of the Chinese startup.
埃隆·马斯克：“我们非常感谢上海政府，感谢他们的支持。”特斯拉在上海建成超级工厂一年后，Model3轿车开始在中国生产。截至目前，其销量已远远超过蔚来。蔚来仍需迎头赶上，但杰夫·沙对这家中国初创企业的未来充满信心：
"NIO is absolutely in the front line of our state of art. It's more than a brand, it's more than a vehicle."
沙先生说：“蔚来绝对是处于我们这个时代技术最前沿的企业，它已经不仅仅是一个品牌，不仅仅是一辆车。”
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评论翻译
Lei Chen
My opinion, it is good for consumers, however for each car you sell, you'll have to produce 1.3-1.5 battery and battery is the most expensive part of the car. Not to mention you'll have to have workers maintaining those machines, the cost is hugely added. That's why I personally feel NIO can't go bigly like Tesla's scale, and in the tech industry, the big one eats most of shares, like TSMC, Apple.
在我看来，这对消费者来说是件好事，但（对生产商而言）你每卖出一辆车，就得生产1.3~1.5节电池，而电池是电动车最昂贵的部分。更不用说你还需要工作人员来维护这些更换电池的机器，成本又要高出一大截。因此我个人估计，蔚来恐怕无法发展到特斯拉那么大的规模。而在科技行业，成为行业最大就能吃掉市场利润的绝大部分，例如台积电，例如苹果。
Batheand Y?ld?z
you see it may work well with china because the government is funding it so chinese people won't pay a lot for these battery swap places but otherwise it's too expensive to build for everyone, and covering everywhere
看起来，这种方案在中国可能运作得挺好，因为有政府为它提供资金，所以中国的消费者不必为这些电池更换站支付太多费用；但在其它地方，对于消费者来说就太昂贵了，而且覆盖率也很难提高。
jctai100
I could see this in America too
我倒是觉得在美国也行得通。
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Aaron S
Only 3% of Chinese housing are single-family houses. Most people live in condos and apartments, it's extremely scarce for Chinese EV owners to charge at home overnight. Unlike the U.S., this is why NIO pushes battery swapping.
在中国，只有...%的家庭拥有独栋住房。大多数人都生活在公寓楼里，因此和美国完全不同，中国电动车车主很少有（在自家车库里）给他们的电动车进行隔夜充电的。这才是蔚来推广电池更换计划的主要原因。
Marius Wong
though many Chinese lives in apartments, most of them will buy an underground parking spot which means that it’s feasible to install charging gears. I just think that the meaning of this battery-swapping technology is to keep the value of your EV in the long run when using it.
尽管许多中国车主住在公寓楼，但他们中的大多数都会给自己的爱车购买一个地下停车位，也就是说并非不可以安装用于隔夜充电的装置。我倒是觉得，这种更换电池技术的真正意义在于更有利于你的电动车在长期使用下更好地保值。
John Gui
@Marius Wong true, but depending on where you live a parking spot could cost a lot.
@Marius Wong，没错，但这要看你住在那里。（地方不同）停车位可能会贵很多。
Thomas Reese
Chinese drivers also tend to drive much shorter distances, with city driving being very low speed. Electric cars are super efficient for that use case and don't require frequent charging
中国车主还更倾向于短距离驾驶，在城区的行车速度也非常低。电动汽车在这种驾驶条件下效率极高，且无需频繁充电。
Gautam Shah
Imagine waiting in line for 30 minutes for battery swap every other day before going to work. Versus just having it charged in your garage or wherever you parked while you sleep. Battery swapping is most impractical thing ever.
想象一下，每隔一天，在上班前你就得排30分钟队换一次电池——而不是在你的车库或哪个停车点、在你睡觉时就已经充好……电池更换是一种最不切实际的方案。
Yifu Wu
@Gautam Shah actually nio has the service to charge you car for you when you are working or doing you own stuff.Place the order within app and their staff will drive your car to the closest charging or battery swapping station and return to you after everything’s done
@Gautam Shah，但实际情况是，蔚来已经能提供一种专门服务，就是在你工作或做其它事情时，利用空隙为你的车充电。只需通过你的手机APP下订单，他们的工作人员就会把你的车开到最近的充电站/电池更换站，并在完成作业后帮你开回来。
runze sun
@Terje Oseberg The solution for China is easier, because those condos or apartments are sold as property and parking spots are also sold as property, so Tesla can install these charging station at people’s parking spot. But in NA, most condos are rented and people have to use public charging station.
@Terje Oseberg，“过夜充电”方案其实在中国反而更容易实现。因为在中国，公寓套房是直接作为物业出售的，停车位往往也是物业附带的一部分，所以特斯拉可以方便地给人们的停车位安装充电桩。但在北美，大多数公寓楼都是用来租住，人们不得不去使用公共充电站。
Yiyang Shui
it doesn't work this way, most people that buy EV can afford a semi-permanent parking spot underneath their apartment, and charging stations can be built for each of them, so a lot more people still buy tesla over NIO...I prefer NIO though, for its premium features
不是这么回事。大多数会买电动车的中国人，也都能负担得起公寓楼下面的半永久性停车位，且每个停车位都可以安装专属的充电桩，所以在中国更多人还是购买特斯拉而不是蔚来……不过我倒是更喜欢蔚来，因为它卓越的性能。
Terje Oseberg
@Yiyang Shui, Yeah, because they won't get a permit for the car if it's not electric, and NIO currently doesn't have sufficient manufacturing capacity to supply the demand. What happens when they do? Then they'll all stop buying Teslas. I wonder what's going to happen to Tesla's stock then?
@Yiyang Shui，没错，但那是因为他们如果不买电动车，就拿不到牌照，而蔚来目前的产能又跟不上这一市场需求。一旦蔚来的产能上来了，会怎样？他们恐怕就不会再买特斯拉了。我很好奇，到时候特斯拉的股价会怎么走？
LouisChiaki
While I working in Silicon Valley as a software engineer, I can't even afford a house to install Tesla charger at my home...
好吧，我是一名在硅谷工作的软件工程师，然而我也买不起独栋住房，别说在自家安装特斯拉充电桩了……
Terje Oseberg
@LouisChiaki, Yup. It’s expensive. The wire costs about $3 per foot.
@LouisChiaki，就是，贵得要命，光电线每英尺就要3美元。
JianYang
@Terje Oseberg In China we only pay about $1500 for a Tesla charger installed in the private apartment parking space. And free for Nio and Xpeng chargers to be installed. I guess our government just paid for it or cut their taxes for installing it.
@Terje Oseberg，在中国，我们如果要在公寓楼的私人停车位安装特斯拉充电桩，只需支付约1500美元。如果安装蔚来或者小鹏的充电桩甚至都是免费的。我猜这是由于我们政府直接买单或者有降税优惠等措施的缘故吧。
ah haha
You can still charge the battery at home, but now it just gives you more option of swapping the battery in case people needs to charge it up immediately such as you are on a business trip and you need charge battery as quick as possible. Even in the us, majority of shopping mall and hotel don't have a place to charge your vehicle.
你仍然可以在家给自己的蔚来车充电，现在只是多了一个选择——直接更换电池，以备车主需要在极短时间里完成充电，例如当你因公务驾车出行时，就需要赶时间。而即便是在美国，大多数购物中心、酒店周围也没有能给电动车充电的地方。
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Himy Bell
The best thing about battery swap is your never stuck with a battery that’s at the end of its life cycle
电池更换方案最好的一点，是你再也不会为一枚使用寿命即将耗尽的电池而烦恼了。
Refaad Mirando
And you automatically get the latest battery technology as it arrives
而且你还能自动享受到最新的电池技术
VK Musique
Do you know of many Tesla owners who are ? stuck with a battery that’s at the end of its life cycle ? ?
你认识几个特斯拉车主有“在为一枚使用寿命即将耗尽的电池而烦恼”的？
Daniel Mears
Nio wouldn't have survived at all without government bailouts, and it appears to be relying strongly on the government supporting its infrastructure moving forward. In other words, it has a rather weak foundation and not much potential outside of China.
如果没有政府救助，蔚来早就活不下去了，而且它显然仍非常依赖政府提供的基础设施发展支持。换言之，蔚来的根基相当薄弱，出了中国，它就没多大市场潜力了。
Julian HADDAD
Nio's EV production is 97.5% automated. It has the battery swap technology and every feature Tesla has, but at a much cheaper price.
as tech gets better and supply goes up, the latest battery tech would be the same price of the previous battery, if not cheaper
蔚来的电动汽车已经实现了97.5%的自动化生产。除了电池更换，它还拥有特斯拉有的每一项电动车技术，但价格却更便宜。
而随着技术进步和供货量不断增长，最新的电池即便不能更便宜，也不会比以前生产的更贵。
Rahul G R
@christopher tran Allowing third party battery support will open up a lot of possibility and innovation. This is the way unless fast charging can catch up.
@christopher tran，如果是允许第三方提供相关服务，一下子还能打开许多可能性和创新点。这（电池更换方案）的确是一条可行之道，除非快速充电技术能赶上（更换电池的速度）。
motofan16
Don’t forget that NIO cars do have access to fast chargers as well.
别忘了蔚来汽车同样有快速充电技术。
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Haris Patsos
"Tesla vs. Nio" is misleading for present day - maybe it will be accurate in 2030. Today it's "Tesla and Nio vs ICE cars".
至少目前，“特斯拉VS蔚来”是一个误导性命题——也许到2030年这样说没错。但今天，应该是“特斯拉+蔚来 VS 内燃机汽车”
This is Yams
I would love to see a world that has multiple EV companies creating competition and innovation, ultimately replacing all gas vehicles
我多么希望看到这样一个世界：若干家能为市场带来竞争和创新的电动汽车公司，最终取代掉所有的化石燃料车。
The Supreme Archailect
Cooperation will always be superior to competition.
合作总是比竞争更好。
Pandu Perdana Putra
Cooperation can leads to monopoly
但合作也可能导致垄断。
Talha Mirza
Neither you nor I will be alive to see the global EV fleet surpass 50% of all cars.
你我恐怕都活不到能见证全球电动车占比超过50%的那一天。
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958895 Liu
BYD is the most popular electric car in China, in 2019 they sell more cars than tesla in China , Nio is nowhere near BYD. I really don't know why western media keep talking Nio.
比亚迪才是中国最受欢迎的电动汽车品牌，2019年他们在中国的销量也超过了特斯拉，蔚来则远不如比亚迪。我真不明白为什么西方媒体却一直那么喜欢谈论蔚来。
OmaeWa Mou Shindeiru NANI?
To inflate another bubble. My grandparent saw the 08 crash 01 dot com japan 1990 bubble he said this is the same. EV bubble many people are going to lose 70% of their wealth for 4-5 years at least.
为了吹出又一个泡沫呀。我爷爷/外公见证了08年的金融崩溃，见证过1990年的日本股灾……据他所说，现在的情况一模一样。电动汽车泡沫破灭的那一天，许多人（投资者）将至少损失其财富的70%，4~5年爬不起来。
Alex
NIO is more of a luxury EV like Tesla, most EVs from BYD are lower end models that in a popular style
因为蔚来和特斯拉更类似，属于电动汽车中的“奢侈品”；而比亚迪生产的绝大多数电动车型，都相对低端、大众化。
Booneu Seow
The battery swapping is very good solution, I will buy EV with that services.
电池更换方案真的很不错，是我就会买提供这种服务的电动车。
