Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one

·单词

equal v.    等于，派生：相匹敌者

    ·He equaled the world record.    他平了世界纪录，与世界记录相等

    ·Nobody equals him in strength.    在力量上没有人能与他匹敌

        ·同意替换：Nobody matches him in strength.

    ·In English she has no equal in her class.    在英语这方面，她在班里是无敌的。

        ·no = not any，equal    在这里做名词用

    ·常见习语

        ·be/stand head and shoulders above sb.    be much better than others（在某些方面明显比其它人要强一些，鹤立鸡群）

            ·In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.    在计算机编程方面，苏珊比我们其他人强得多

    ·Women demand equal pay for equal work.    妇女要求同工同酬，这里的 equal 做形容词

    ·A is equal to B    这里的 equal 做形容词

    ·equality n.    均等，平等；等式

        ·racial equality    种族平等

        ·sexual equality    男女平等

        ·We wish to inform you that we specialize in garments for more than twenty years, and shall be pleased to establish business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefits.    我们专门经营服装已有二十多年的历史，很乐意在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系

vicar n.    牧师

raise v.    募集，筹（款），筹措；提升，举起；饲养；抚养，养育

    ·We're raising a fund for orphans.    我们正在为孤儿筹款

    ·raise one's hand    举手

    ·raise one's voice    提高音量

    ·raise one's hat to sb.    向某人打招呼

    ·raise one's glass to sb.    向某人敬酒

    ·raise the roof    大怒，大吵大闹

    ·raise pigs    养猪

    ·He has a big family to raise.    他要抚养一大家子人

    ·- You look happy today.    - Yes. I got a raise.    此时 raise做 n.    加薪，涨工资

        ·We pay two thousand Yuan monthly to start. It's our policy to hire on a trial basis. lf you work out all right after three months you will be put on the permanent payroll and be given a raise.    我们起薪每月2000元。我们的政策是试用聘用。三个月后，如果你表现良好，你将被正式聘用并加薪

    ·相近词

        ·rise vi.    升起来，不及物，主语本身上升

            ·The Sun Also Rises.    太阳照常升起

        ·arise vi.    上升；产生，出现；起床，起立

            ·不规则：arise    arose    arisen

            ·Problems arose.    问题出现了

        ·arose vi.    出现；引发

            ·arouse one's pity/anger ...    激起了某人的 同情/愤怒

torchlight n.    电筒光

·课文讲解

    Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.

    One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

    'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.

    'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'

    'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'

    'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'

    'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'

Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.

    ·be always doing sth.    总是做某事（厌烦的语气）

        ·He is always being late.    他总是迟到

        ·People are always talking about the problems of youth.    人们总是在谈论年轻人的问题

    ·类似的，略正式的固定搭配

        ·be forever doing sth.    总是做某事（厌烦的语气），与 always 相比更正式

            ·He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and gentle pace of living.    他永远在谈论友好的人民，干净的空气，亲近自然和温和的生活节奏

        ·be constantly/continually doing sth.    总是做某事（厌烦的语气）

            ·The boys are constantly/ continually arguing.    男孩们一直在争论

            ·-Your behavior reflects on me, and l can't do my job if you're constantly humiliating me.    你的行为让我丢脸，如果你一直羞辱我，我就没法工作了

                ·reflects on sb. = have a negative effect on sb.    对某人有负面的不良影响

            ·- Constantly? Aside from today, give me one example.    不断?除了今天，给我举一个例子

                ·aside from    除了 ... 之外

        ·keep (on) doing sth.    不停的做某事（厌烦的语气）

            ·From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.    从他到那里的那一刻起，他就不停地缠着医生告诉他什么时候能回家

            ·In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.    在这个过程中，他玩得很开心，不停地告诉每个人他是多么讨厌医院

                ·enjoyed one's = have a good time    过的开心

        ·do sth. all the time    老是做某事（厌烦的语气）

            ·- W: I thought the doctor said you should stay off your foot until the swelling goes down.    我记得医生说过你应该在脚肿消退之前不要动脚

                ·stay off one's foot    卧床

            ·- M: She did. It just makes me uncomfortable to ask my friends to wait on me all the time.    她确实说了。让我的朋友一直服侍我让我很不舒服

                ·wait on    伺候，服务 = scive

    ·练习

        ·Sam, mess up the kitchen (always)

            ·Sam is always messing up the kitchen.    萨姆总是把厨房弄得一团糟

        ·Bruce, leave his dirty dishes on the table (forever)

            ·Bruce is forever leaving his dirty dishes on the table.    布鲁斯总是把脏盘子留在桌子上

        ·Peter, try to show me he's smarter than me (constantly)

            ·Peter is constantly trying to show me he's smarter than me.    彼得总是想让我知道他比我聪明

        ·Mary, borrow my clothes without asking me (continually) 

            ·Mary is continually borrowing my clothes without asking me.    玛丽老是不问我就借我的衣服穿

        ·Why, you, make the same mistakes (keep on doing)

            ·Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?    你为什么老是犯同样的错误?

        ·Jane, forget to give me my phone messages (do sth. all the time)

            ·Jane forgets to give me my phone messages all the time.    简总是忘记给我留言

    ·cause n.    正义事业 (生活中普通的小事不能用) ；原因，起因，理由    文中指理由    

        ·One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.    人们期望他们能把台词背得烂熟于心，永远不会有理由结结巴巴

    ·one ... or another    各种各样的 ...

        ·He is always asking me for money for one cause or another.    他总是有各种各样的理由向我要钱

        ·Beginners will err at one time or another.    初学者有时会犯错误

        ·Everyone can contribute to society in one way or another.    每个人都可以以这样或那样的方式为社会做出贡献

        ·与 one ... or another 类似的表达 one ... after another    一个又一个的

            ·one dau after another    日复一日的

            ·encounter one difficulty after another    遭遇了一个又一个的困难

    ·manage to do: 设法完成了某事

        ·As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.    由于国内没有任何动物园报告丢失美洲狮，这只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家的，不知怎么设法逃了出来

        ·反义词    fail to do: 没能完成某事

            ·When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.    当记者再次没有回复时，编辑不情愿地将文章原封不动地发表了

    ·have sth. done    让某事被完成: 请某人做某事；某种不幸的经历或遭遇

        ·I'm going to have my hair cut this weekend.    这个周末我要去理发

        ·... people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.    人们宁愿付大笔的钱也不愿毕生的心血被歹徒毁掉

        ·King Charles 1 had his head ccut off.    查理一世被斩首

        ·The house had its window broken in the explosion.    房子的窗户在爆炸中被打破了

            ·本句话运用了无灵主语，下面进行举例

                ·When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.    当伦敦动物园接到报告说在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只野生美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视

                ·The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.    人们用强大的网把海床搜了一遍，当一只箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的人都非常兴奋

                ·He lost his confidence.    他丧失了信心

                    ·Confidence deserted him.    信心抛弃了他

                ·I couldn't sleep that night.    那天晚上我无法入眠

                    ·That night sleep eluded me.    那晚的睡眠总是躲着我

                ·We only travelled half the distance at sunset.    在黄昏的时候我们走了一半的路程

                    ·Sunset met us halfway.    黄昏在半路与我们

                ·The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for travelling, studies or business.    过去几年见证了大量外国人涌入中国旅游、学习或经商

    ·本句模仿练习：我的小女儿总是抱怨(complain of)各种各样的病，但她从未成功地得到允许(get permission) 呆在家里。

        ·My little daughter is always comlaining of one illness or another, but she has never managed to get permission to be at home.

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.

    ·used to do    过去曾经/过去常常

        ·I used to get up early    我过去常常早起，暗示现在已经不早起了

        ·常见搭配： be/become/get used to n./doing    强调状态的变化

            ·I'm used to getting up early.    我习惯于早起

            ·'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar.    "我们会习惯的，比尔，" 牧师说

            ·Life is not fair, get used to it.    -Bill Gates    生活是不公平的，要去适应它    —— 比尔盖茨

        ·相似的：be accustomed to (doing) sth    习惯于做某事

            ·For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.    对于那些习惯于在家里一顿饭吃七道菜、睡亚麻床单的人来说，改变到阿尔卑斯山的环境一定很不容易

    ·strike the hours    钟打点报时

        ·It would strike twelve in twenty minutes.    再过12分钟，钟就会打响12下（想表达钟打几下就直接在 strike 后面加次数）

    ·day and night    日夜不停的

    ·ever since adv./prep./conj.    从那以后一直 ...    （与完成时连用）

        ·There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food.    prep. 从很小的时候起，无数的人就学会了把蜗牛和食物联系在一起

        ·You know how she feels about you. it's been the same way ever since we were kids.    conj. 你知道她对你的感觉。从我们小时候起就一直是这样

    ·本句模仿练习：过去日夜辛苦工作的老王两年前下岗(be laid off) 了，从那以后就变得懒了。

        ·Lao Wang who used to work hard day and night was laid off two years ago and has been lazy ever since.

One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!

    ·wake (up): vi & vt.    醒了；唤醒 ...，加 up 表示起来了，不加表示可能就是从睡眠中醒了

        ·The doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.    门铃响得很响，足以把死人吵醒

        ·睡觉相关的表达

            ·go/get to sleep    睡着了        fall asleep    进入睡眠，入睡，睡着了

            ·toss and turn    睡不着，辗转反侧，难以入眠

                ·I was tossing and turning all night.    我整晚辗转反侧睡不着

            ·insomnia n.    失眠（症）

                ·He suffered from insomnia.    他患有失眠症

                    ·suffer 后面常跟倒霉的事，甚至说能够感同身受

            ·sit up    熬夜        stay up    熬夜

                ·He sat up all night, preparing for the exam.    他一整夜没睡，准备考试

            ·night owl    夜猫子

                ·He is a night owl.    他是一个夜猫子

    ·start n.    激灵（由于恐惧或惊讶身体突然的一动）

    ·wake (up) with a start    惊醒

        ·She woke from the dream with a start.    她从梦中惊醒

        ·with + 名词 作状语修饰谓语动词

            ·The officer went through the case with great care.    警官非常仔细地检查了箱子

                ·go througth    检查

                ·great care = vary carefully    非常仔细

            ·He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.    他在我的箱子底部发现了一个小瓶子，他高兴地扑了上去

            ·Then l added with a smile.    然后我微笑着补充说

            ·His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.    他的物质财产很少，这使他可以轻松地从一个地方移动到另一个地方

            ·She faced the difficulty calmly.    ->    She faced the difficulty with calmness.    她平静地面对困难

            ·I looked at her curiously.    ->    I looked at her with curiosity.    我好奇地看着她

            ·She spoke to me tenderly.    ->    She spoke to me with tenderness.    她温柔地跟我讲话

            ·I greeted Philip enthusiastically.    ->    I greeted Philip with enthusiasm.    我热情地向 Philip 问候

Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.

    ·Looking at his watch    非谓语动词 doing，可以看作时间状语，一般情况下其隐含地主语应该与主句主语保持一致，也就是本句当中后面地 he

        ·Looking at his watch, it was one o'clock.    错误的

    ·before 的译法

        ·强调主句的时间很长时，译为 “才”

            ·It will be a long time before we meet again.    要过很久时间我们才能再见面

        ·强调主句的时间很短时，译为 “就”

            ·I hadn't waited long before he came.    我还没等太久他就来了

Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.

    ·torch n.    <英>手电筒；火把

    ·armed with a torch    非谓语动词 done，可以看作方式状语，被武装

    ·arm sb. with sth.    用 ... 把 ... 武装起来，因为 sb. 做 arm 的宾语，所以上面那句话要用done

        ·相似的：sb. carry sth.    某人携带着某物

            ·Carrying a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower ...    因为这时候 sb. 做主语了，是做的发出者，所以要用 doing

    ·going on v.    发生（多用于进行时表示正在发生的事）

        ·What's going on here?    什么事正在发生？

        ·与 “发生” 类似的单词，一般意为：未经筹划的，没有计划的事情发生了

            ·happen        occur 比较文言

            ·come up        come about

            ·take place    强调计划中的事情发生了

                ·The funeral will take place on Monday.    葬礼将于周一举行

            ·strike    多表示不幸的事情突然间发生了，如灾难，灾祸，事故突然发生了

                ·Most people were fast asleep when the earthquake struck.    地震来袭时，大多数人都睡着了

            ·ensue    随之发生了

                ·I objected to his advice and a heated argument ensued.    我反对他的建议，并且一场激烈的争论随之而来

            ·coincidence (with ...)    两件事碰巧同时发生

                ·When I came, he was just about to leave.    我来的时候，他正要离开

                ·My arrival coincided with his departure.    我到达时他正好离开

In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

    ·caught sight of ... = catch a glimpse of ... = glimpse ...    无意中一眼看见

    ·figure n.    数字；身材，体型；（远处的）人影；（重要的）人物

        ·A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.    一个农场彻夜未眠的工人，声称曾经看到一个人影在月光下割玉米

        ·One of the most colorful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764.    丹尼尔·门多萨(Daniel Mendoza)是拳击史上最丰富多彩的人物之一，他出生于1764年

    ·recognize ... as ...    认出 ... 是 ...

        ·I recognized her as one of my classmates.    我认出她是我的同班同学

    ·grocer n.    食品杂货商        grocery n.    食品杂货店，生活中所买的杂货

'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.

    ·“疑问词+ever”有两个含义

        1.表示“无论...”

            ·Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.    无论它走到哪里，都会留下一串死鹿和死兔子之类的小动物

        2.表示 “到底 ...”，加强疑问句的语气    whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever ...

            ·Wherever did you go yesterday?    你昨天去哪儿了?

            ·When ever am I going to see you again?    我什么时候才能再见到你?，两词可以分开写

        ·其它表示 “无论” 的单词

            ·on earth    究竟，到底，也是加强疑问句的语气

                ·What on earth has happened to trouble you so?    到底发生了什么事使你如此烦恼

            ·in the world    到底

                ·What in the world are you doing here at seven in the morning?    你早上七点在这里干什么

            ·in God's/heaven's name    以 上帝/天堂 的名义，到底 (口语用)

                ·What in God's name was that huge bang?    那到底是什么声音？

                ·Where in heaven's name have you been?    你到底在哪里？

            ·the hell    他妈的 (口语中，比较粗俗)

                ·What the hell was that noise?    那他妈什么声音？

                ·How the hell are we going to do that?    我们他妈的怎么做那件事？

    ·asked the vicar in surprise    直接引语，说话的内容在前面，后面说某人说某人问可以用全部倒转语序，如果主语是代词 （ask he 错误，不行），必须主语是名词，且 ask、said、answer 必须是单独的，不能有助动词

'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'

    ·have been doing    现在完成进行时，表示持续性的动作一直到现在，而且还有可能继续下去

    ·night after night    夜复一夜的 = night by night = every night = one night after another

        ·day after day = day by day = every day = one day after another    日复一日的

        ·Oceans apart, day after day, and l slowly go insane.    隔海相望，日复一日，我慢慢地变得疯狂

    ·for weeks    好几周了

        ·类似的

            ·for hours    好几小时了

            ·for months    好几个月了

            ·for years    好几年了

            ·for centuries    好几百年了

    ·was/were hoping ...    表达一种试探性的，委婉的语气

        ·I was hoping you could marry me.     我希望 ... 你能嫁给我

'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'

    ·强调肯定式 (emphatic positive)

        ·在肯定句和祈使句中，在谓语动词前加上助动词 do 以加强语气。只用于一般现在时 (do, does) 和一般过去时 (did) 中

        ·I do need a car.    我确实需要一辆车

        ·He does speak English well.    他英语说的确实好

        ·So you did come after all.    这么说你到底还是来了

        ·Come in.    进来        Do come in.    快进来！

        ·Shut up!    闭嘴        Do shut up!    快闭嘴！

    ·as well    ... 也 ...

    ·as well as ...    除了 ... 之外，... 也 ...

        ·You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well as me.    除了我之外，你可能也把村子里的每个人都吵醒了，而原文中 “我” 就站在听话人的对面，所以就把 me 省略了，省略后当然紧跟的 as 也不能留了

    ·Still    尽管如此，还是 ...

        ·与之类似的有

            ·nevertheless

            ·nonetheless

            ·all the same

            ·just the same

        ·The girl is not beautiful. Still, I like her very much.    这个女孩不漂亮。尽管如此，我还是很喜欢她

        ·Nevertheless/nonetheless/all the same/just the same, I like her very much.    尽管如此，我还是很喜欢她

    ·I'm glad (that) the bell is working again.    特殊的从句：形容词补足语

        ·..., but l'm afraid (that) at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there is nothing i can do about it.    特殊的从句：形容词补足语

'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'

    ·there is nothing I can do about it    对此我无能为力

        ·The telephone is out of order, and there is nothing I can do about it.    电话坏了，我对此无能为力

            · is out of order    故障，失灵

        ·I know you are not satisfied, but there is nothing I can do about it.    我知道你不满意，但我也无能为力

        ·We apologize for this, but there is nothing we can do about it.    对此我们深表歉意，但我们也无能为力

'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'

    ·get used to    变得习惯，适应

    ·as good as one    像 1 那么好

        ·as good as: almost adv.    几乎 ...；和 ... 差不多

            ·The injured man is as good as dead.    那个受伤的人和死人差不多了

            ·Everything is as good as settled.    每件事几乎都解决了

            ·As far as I could see, it needed onlya minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.    在我看来，它只需要稍微调整一下:这里拧一下螺丝，那里拧紧一点，再加一滴油，它就和新的一样了。

    ·be not one's cup of tea    不是某人的茶：不是某人喜欢的东西，不是某人的菜

        ·Swimming is not my cup of tea.    我不喜欢游泳

        ·Mountain hiking is not my cup of tea.    我不喜欢爬山

        ·与茶有关的

            ·make tea    沏茶

            ·make water    撒尿