句子简化题解题策略
什么叫essential info.?
怎样才叫在重要方式上改变句意？
能被简化的一定是无关语义，简化之后的逻辑和参与构成逻辑的语义是不能丢的。
如果句子简化题对你来说是个黑洞，请在练习过程中严格按照句子简化题解题步骤执行：
1. 判断简单句/非简单句；
2. 找逻辑连接词，看明显句内逻辑；
3. 找谓语动词，抓隐含逻辑和句子主干；
4. 确定和动词相关的语义。
那对于高段位同学，拿到比较难的句子，快速做法第一步，找到句子中所有的谓语动词。
这个在《懒人阅读第二天——句法》里已经讲的很清楚了。
这里主要看逻辑做题。
举例：
TPO21P1第11题
Geothermal energy is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir.
句中有因果，有比较，逻辑关系首先会保留。
A. Heat flows through solid rock very slowly, so it takes a very long time for geological processes to produce a reservoir of geothermal energy. 丢了最大的果
B. Geothermal energy is not renewable because heat flows very slowly through solid rock into or out of a heat reservoir. 比较变成了并列
C. The heat quickly removed from a heat reservoir is replaced so slowly by geological processes that geothermal energy is not, practically speaking, renewable. 因果关系体现在so...that...中
D. In most cases, heat travels into a heat reservoir so slowly that it is a much quicker process to remove the heat from a reservoir than to replace it. 同A。
TPO38P3 Transgenic Plants 第10题
Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is that they encourage farmers to move farther away from sustainable agricultural farming practices, meaning ones that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run.
按照先逻辑后语义，里面逻辑词关系体现如下：
Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is that they encourage farmers to move farther away from sustainable agricultural farming practices, meaning ones that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run.
按顺序来是极值、因果、否定、因果、因果。
要能从逻辑连接词和动词中找到隐含的逻辑关系。
句子语义主干为：
Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is that they encourage farmers to move farther away from sustainable agricultural farming practices, meaning ones that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run.
主从句两个核心谓语找到，句子结构就清晰了。
来看选项对应：
A. The transgenic crop plants currently in use are probably far behind the transgenic plants of the future in terms of their sustainability. 读完表情如下
B. Farmers who use transgenic crop plants are heading toward practices that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run. 否定关系丢了
C. Transgenic crop plants may be used in place of other, more sustainable agricultural practices, and this is perhaps their biggest disadvantage.
否定关系在in place of 上，这个选项最不敢选的地方在于biggest disadvantage上。但是concern本义里有：
D. Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is the possibility that they may not be sustainable over the long run.
这里有个主体偷换，sustainable over the long run的主体在原句中是farming practices，并没有说transgenic crop不能持续。
再看个例子：
TPO39P1 Early Writing Systems 第11题
Egyptologists have noticed that the glyphs that constitute individual words were sometimes shuffled to make the text more pleasing to the eye with little regard for sound or sense.
语义主干都很清晰，核心谓语一个notice，一个were
如果看逻辑的话，一个more是比较，一个little是否定，一个因果是to make
那就可以很快排掉D，丢了否定，还有C，改了因果。A里多了原句里没有的转折。
题目就变得非常好做。
TPO35P2 The Development of Social Complexity 第12题
Hierarchies that did not exist in earlier foraging groups but that were helpful in structuring cooperative labor and in organizing more-complex technologies probably became established, even before domestication and agriculture, as pre-Neolithic societies (before the tenth millennium B.C.E.) reacted to the population increase.
A. The appearance of domestication and agriculture brought about the need for more hierarchically organized systems of labor and technologies among pre-Neolithic foraging societies.没有这层因果
B. The formation of social hierarchies meant that domestication and agriculture became less important than labor and technical development to the growth of pre-Neolithic societies.没有比较
C. Population increases among pre-Neolithic societies, even before domestication and agriculture, probably resulted in social hierarchies that helped organize labor and technologies.符合原句因果关系
D. Hierarchies that developed among foraging groups helped pre-Neolithic societies respond to later population increases caused by domestication and agriculture.没有这层因果
英语单词是三维一体的：含义、功能、逻辑。词本身是自带逻辑的。
所以我们需要学会关注词本身包含的隐含逻辑。
句子简化题的难点和考查核心就是隐含逻辑的等价转化。
否定关系
明显的否定关系特色词汇：no, not, none, nor, never, neither, deny, hardly
隐含的否定关系特色词汇：fail (to), lack (of), absent from, refuse, remove, ignore, stop
因果关系
明显的因果关系特色词汇：because (of ), since, as, for, due to, owing to, in that, so, so that, therefore, thereby, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result
隐含的因果关系特色词汇：
表示“导致、造成”含义的词：cause, lead to, result in, give rise to, render, engender, produce, 使役动词（make, let, …）, support, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive, encourage, be responsible for
表示“由…而来”含义的词：come from, result from, originate from, derive from, initiate from, stem from, be attributable to, be responsive to
表示“反映、体现”含义的词：reflect, suggest, demonstrate, represent, show, imply
表示“考虑到…，依赖于…”含义的词：given, considering, on account of, in view of, thanks to, according to, rely on, depend on, resort to
条件关系词：if, when, while, once, as, as soon as, as long as等的条件句
分词短语、不定式、独立主格、虚拟条件做状语
比较关系
明显的比较关系特色词汇：同级比较（as…as…），比较级（-er/more）
隐含的比较关系特色词汇
表示变化的词
量的变化：increase, decrease, enhance, decline, create, destroy
趋势的变化：develop, improve, progress, degrade, degenerate
不变化：continue, remain, still, stable
表示差异的词：same, different, similar, distinct
表示超越的词：surpass, exceed, transcend, excel
最高级
明显的最高级特色词汇：-est/most
隐含的最高级含义的词：
自身含有最高级含义的词：maximum, minimum, outstanding, favorite, super, supreme, top, peak, paramount
否定+比较
e.g.
There is no other effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift away from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.
程度较深的词：surprising(ly), extreme(ly), amazing(ly), prohibitive
所以以后看到一个这样的句子：
就会自然而然的产生逻辑敏感度：
