torpid和torpor
torpid是一个形容词,表示麻木的、无感觉的、无力的或迟钝的。它来自于拉丁语torpidus,意思是麻木的、昏迷的,而torpidus又来自于torpere,意思是麻木或僵硬。torpere可能和原始印欧语词根ster- 有关,意思是僵硬。例如:
He felt torpid after the long flight. 长途飞行后他感到无精打采。
The cold weather made the animals torpid. 寒冷的天气让动物们变得迟钝。
torpor是一个名词,表示麻木、冷漠、缺乏活力或昏睡状态。它来自于拉丁语torpor,意思是麻木、迟钝,而torpor又来自于torpere。例如:
He fell into a state of torpor after losing his job. 失业后他陷入了一种麻木的状态。
Some animals enter torpor during winter to conserve energy. 一些动物在冬天进入昏睡状态以节省能量。
torpid和torpor的近义词有:
lethargic / lethargy: 表示缺乏活力、精神不振或懒惰。它们来自于希腊语lethargikos / lethargia,意思是忘却或昏睡,而lethargia又来自于lethe,意思是遗忘。例如:
He was feeling lethargic after the heavy meal. 饱餐一顿后他感到精神不振。
The hot weather caused a general lethargy among the people. 炎热的天气让人们普遍感到懒惰。
inert / inertia: 表示不活跃、无生命或无力改变状态。它们来自于拉丁语iners / inertia,意思是无能的或惰性的,而iners又来自于in- (否定前缀) + ars (技能)。例如:
The snake was inert after swallowing a large rat. 吞下一只大老鼠后,蛇变得不动了。
He blamed his failure on his own inertia. 他把自己的失败归咎于自己的惰性。
sluggish / sluggishness: 表示行动迟缓、反应慢或萧条的。它们来自于中古英语slugge,意思是懒惰的人或动物。slugge可能和斯堪的纳维亚语词源有关,如挪威语sløg / sløghj (慢吞吞的)。例如:
He was sluggish in the morning and needed coffee to wake up. 早上他很迟钝,需要咖啡来提神。
The economy suffered from sluggishness due to the pandemic. 经济因为疫情而陷入萧条。