《经济学人》双语:人造肉公司研发出了猛犸象汉堡?
原文标题:
Applied biology
The Fred Flintstone diet
A Belgian company wants to create woolly-mammoth burgers
应用生物学
弗莱德·摩登原始人饮食
一家比利时公司想要制造长毛猛犸象汉堡
DNA from extinct species is inspiring other business plans, too
灭绝物种的 DNA 也在激发其他商业计划
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JUST A STRAND of Elvis’s hair would do. Pluck out his DNA and it could be copied millions of times using a technique called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
只要猫王的一缕头发就够了。取出他的 DNA,可以使用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 技术将其复制数百万次。
That
was the business plan pitched in the 1990s by Kary Mullis, an American
biologist. Mullis had helped develop PCR in the 1980s; in 1993 he shared
a Nobel prize.
这是美国生物学家卡里·穆利斯在1990年代提出的商业计划。穆利斯在1980年代发明了 PCR;1993年他获得了诺贝尔奖。
“StarGene”, as his company was known, hoped to make money by selling jewellery stuffed with celebrity DNA.
他的公司“StarGene”希望通过卖缀有名人DNA的珠宝来盈利。

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The idea never quite worked out. But that has not stopped a slew of newer firms also hoping to mine gold from dead individuals—or even entire species.
这个想法从未完全实现。但是这并没有阻止一大批新兴公司希望从已消亡的个体甚至整个灭绝物种中挖金矿的步伐。
Paleo, for instance, is a Belgian startup that creates synthetic proteins for the artificial-meat business.
例如,Paleo 是一家比利时初创企业,致力于用合成蛋白质来生产人造肉。
Driven
in part by a “childhood fascination with prehistory”, Hermes Sanctorum,
the company’s CEO, is keen to expand the business into making
woolly-mammoth burgers.
该公司首席执行官赫尔墨斯.桑克托鲁姆受“童年时期对史前史的痴迷”驱动,他希望将其业务扩展到生产毛猛犸象汉堡上。
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Working
with the Centre for Palaeogenetics in Sweden, the firm has obtained
fragments of DNA from mammoth teeth found in the Siberian permafrost that are up to 1.2m years old.
该公司与瑞典古遗传学中心合作,获得了西伯利亚永久冻土中的猛犸象牙齿(距今约120万年)中提取的DNA片段。
These
fragments were combined with DNA from Asian and African elephants, the
mammoth’s nearest living relatives, to reconstruct what the firm hopes
is the mammoth version of the gene that encodes myoglobin, a protein that helps give meat its rich taste and vibrant red colour.
这些片段与亚洲和非洲大象(猛犸象的近亲)的DNA相结合,以重建该公司希望得到的编码肌红蛋白的猛犸象基因版本,肌红蛋白是一种帮助肉类具有浓郁口感和鲜艳红色的蛋白质。
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That gene was inserted into the DNA of yeast, which duly began turning out mammoth myoglobin.
将猛犸象基因插入酵母菌的 DNA 中,酵母菌开始产生猛犸象肌红蛋白。
The
protein was mixed with binders such as potato starch, oil, salt and
other flavours so that it resembled the taste and texture of a burger.
这种蛋白质与马铃薯淀粉、油、盐和其他调味料混合,使其味道和质地类似于汉堡。
Paleo’s
patent claims the myoglobin causes a range of chemical reactions
between other ingredients in the burger, producing flavours that are
obtainable in no other way.
Paleo 的专利称,肌红蛋白会与汉堡中的其他成分发生一系列化学反应,产生独一无二的口感。
Mr Sanctorum, for his part, says mammoth burgers taste “more intense” than beef.
桑克托鲁姆认为猛犸汉堡的味道比牛肉“更浓烈”。
The
firm raised €12m ($13.1m) in its first funding round in February, and
hints its mammoth meat will be publicly available soon.
该公司在 2 月份的首轮融资中筹集了 1200 万欧元(1310 万美元),并暗示猛犸象肉将很快上市。
Several vegan-burger makers and an ice-age theme park are reportedly interested.
据报道,几家纯素汉堡制造商和一家冰河时代主题公园对此感兴趣。
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Paleo is not the only company exploring mammoth meat.
Paleo并不是唯一一家研究猛犸象肉的公司。
Vow,
an Australian company, says it has made a volleyball-sized lump of the
stuff by injecting engineered mammoth myoglobin into lab-grown stem
cells derived from sheep.
澳大利亚公司 Vow称,他们通过将经过改良的猛犸象肌红蛋白注入从绵羊身上培养出的干细胞中,制作出了一个排球大小的肉块。
Geltor, a startup that has raised more than $100m, opted for a different extinct, elephantine species.
Geltor 是一家筹集了1亿多美元资金的初创公司,它选择了另一种已灭绝的大象物种。
It took sequenced mastodon DNA and used it to produce collagen, a protein found in skin and tendons. The stuff was eventually turned into gelatine for gummy sweets.
该公司对乳齿象 DNA 进行了测序,并用它来生产胶原蛋白,一种存在于皮肤和肌腱中的蛋白质。这些物质最终被转化为胶质糖果的明胶。
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And it is not just extinct animals that companies think might prove valuable.
而且,公司们认为商业价值不仅仅在灭绝动物身上,还在其他方面。
Haeckels, a British cosmetics firm, is attempting to engineer scents from extinct flowers for use in perfumes.
英国化妆品公司 Haeckels 正尝试从已灭绝的花卉中提取香气,用于制造香水。
Geltor has also produced human collagen for use in the cosmetics business.
Geltor 还生产了用于化妆品行业的人类胶原蛋白。
Perhaps engineering some from a celebrity’s DNA would be a hit?
也许通过从名人身上提取DNA进行研发,可以创造出一些热门产品?
(恭喜读完,本篇英语词汇量508左右)
原文出自:2023年7月8日《The Economist》Science & technology版块
精读笔记来源于:自由英语之路
本文翻译整理: Irene
本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

【补充资料】(来自于网络)
弗莱德Fred是美国动画系列片《摩登原始人》(The
Flintstones)中的虚构动画角色。这是一部以原始人类为背景的喜剧动画片,于1960年至1966年间在美国ABC电视台播出。弗莱德是该系列的主角之一,他是一位身材魁梧、力大无穷的石器时代居民,住在小镇上。故事中描述了他的工作、家庭生活和与他的邻居、朋友们的互动。
长毛猛犸象(woolly mammoth)是一种已经灭绝的大象物种。它生活在上个冰河时代,大约距今约4000至400万年。猛犸象与现代的非洲象相似,但它们有非常长、蓬松的毛发和弯曲的象牙。它们的毛发可以达到1.5米长,用于保护它们在寒冷的环境中保持温暖。毛象身体庞大,体重可达到6吨,肩高约3.4米。猛犸象主要生活在北半球的寒冷地区,如北美洲、欧洲和亚洲的高纬度地区。它们以草、灌木和树木为食,通常在大片的草原和森林中觅食。具有强大的嗅觉和听觉,以及长而弯曲的象牙,可以用来保护自己、挖掘食物和与其他毛象进行竞争。尽管猛犸象已经灭绝,但科学家们通过在冰冻土壤中发现的遗骸,可以对它们的生活和特征进行研究。
聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,简称PCR)是一种在实验室中用来扩增(复制)DNA片段的技术。PCR技术的发明者是美国科学家卡里·穆利斯(Kary
Mullis),他于1983年首次提出了PCR的概念,并于1993年获得了诺贝尔化学奖。PCR技术通过反复循环的温度变化,使DNA的两个链分离,并利用DNA聚合酶酶(polymerase)的功能,将DNA链上的碱基逐渐延伸,从而扩增出目标DNA片段。PCR通常分为三个步骤:变性、退火和延伸。在变性步骤中,DNA被加热使其两个链分离。在退火步骤中,温度降低,引物(primers)与目标DNA片段的两端结合。在延伸步骤中,温度升高,DNA聚合酶在引物的帮助下沿着目标DNA片段合成新的DNA链。
【重点句子】(3个)
The
idea never quite worked out. But that has not stopped a slew of newer
firms also hoping to mine gold from dead individuals—or even entire
species.
这个想法从未完全实现。但是这并没有阻止一大批新兴公司希望从已消亡的个体甚至整个灭绝物种中挖金矿的步伐。
The
protein was mixed with binders such as potato starch, oil, salt and
other flavours so that it resembled the taste and texture of a burger.
这种蛋白质与马铃薯淀粉、油、盐和其他调味料混合,使其味道和质地类似于汉堡。
And it is not just extinct animals that companies think might prove valuable.
而且,公司们认为商业价值不仅仅在灭绝动物身上,还在其他方面。
