维多利亚3开发日志#42 | 4/14 文化分离
牧游社 牧有汉化翻译
Dev Diary #42 - Cultural Secessions
lachek, Victoria 3 Lead Designer
Welcome back to another chapter in this rundown of features that might tear your lovely nation apart! Last week we discussed revolutions, which is where politically engaged members of your society rise up to change your country in favor of a certain Law. Today we will discuss another type of Civil War: Cultural Secessions, which is where Pops in your nation of a certain culture demand their right to self-determination and carve out their own country from yours. These types of Civil Wars have some similarity in mechanics but ultimately serve two very different purposes.
欢迎回到又一篇开发日志，今天的内容是可能导致你心爱的国家分崩离析的特性的一部分！上周我们探讨了革命，你社会中的各个成员会经由这种方式起身反抗，来改变你的国家，以支持某一项特定的法律。而今天我们将讨论另一种内战：文化分离Cultural Secessions，你国内某一特定文化的Pops会以这种方式要求民族自决，并从你的疆域中分裂出他们自己的国家。这些不同类型的内战在机制上有一些相似，但根本上却是服务于两种截然不同的目的。
Just like revolutions can be seen as a failure to balance the economic and political needs of different classes against each other, secessions can be seen as a failure to see to the needs of Pops of certain cultures within your borders. Often this can come about as the result of aggressive expansion or systematic oppression of Pops of certain cultures (or indeed, the religions commonly associated with those cultures). Just like revolutions there are several paths to go down in order to deal with the problems secessionists might cause.
正如同革命可以被看作相互对立的各阶层经济与政治需求失衡的结果，分离则可以被看作是未能满足你境内某一文化Pops的需求所导致的恶果。通常情况下，这会是侵略扩张或是系统性压迫某一文化Pops的结果（或者，压迫某些被普遍认为与某些文化绑定的宗教的结果）。也正如革命一样，为了对付分离主义分子导致的麻烦，有几条道路可以选择。
Back in the Migration dev diary we briefly mentioned a mechanic called Turmoil. Turmoil is the effect of having too many Radicals in your country, and has effects both on the state level and on entire cultures worldwide. To understand cultural secessions we have to understand Turmoil a bit better first.
之前在移民的开发日志（开发日志#17）中，我们简单提到了一种叫做动乱Turmoil的机制，动乱是你国内激进派过多会引起的一种效果，并且对地区动乱水平和全世界的同种文化动乱水平都有影响。要理解文化分离，我们必须先要好好理解动乱。
Turmoil measures social friction and conflicts between Pops. This can include crime, violence, angry protests, and more. When a substantial part of a state's total population are made up of Radicals, Turmoil is created and negative effects start to be applied: there's a certain amount of Tax Waste, modeling all the different costs of the types of unrest Turmoil represents; and the state’s migration attraction decreases substantially, because nobody wants to move to an area where trouble is brewing
动乱衡量的是Pops之间的社会摩擦与冲突。包括犯罪、暴力、示威抗议以及其他。当一国人口的一个重要部分都由激进派组成时，动乱就会发生，并开始产生负面效果：包括一定量的税收浪费Tax Waste（模拟的是动乱导致的各种不同类型的开销），以及该地区的移民吸引力显著下降，因为没人会愿意搬到一个炸药桶上。
Louisiana appears to be going through some difficulties. Could that be a slave revolt brewing?
路易斯安那看起来正经受一些苦难。这会酝酿一场奴隶起义吗？
As you might recall from the Political Movements dev diary, Radicals can originate from a number of sources, including drops in material wealth, being below the minimum expected Standard of Living, or supporting a movement that's not being listened to. But one additional major cause of radicalism tends to be Discrimination - particular discrimination of literate Pops.
你或许能想起政治运动的开发日志（开发日志#14）中所说的，激进派可能的来源有很多，包括物质财富流失，达不到期望的最低生活标准，或是支持一场不被回应的运动。但激进度另一个主要起因往往是受歧视——尤其是对识字Pops的歧视。
Which begs the question, if discrimination creates Radicals, and Radicals lead to turmoil, and turmoil hurts your economy - why would any country discriminate against parts of their population in the first place?
这就引出了问题，如果歧视创造激进派，激进派导致动乱，而动乱又破坏你的经济——那么为何起初国家会歧视自己的部分人群呢？
First, discrimination is governed by Laws, and most countries start out with Laws that would cause certain cultures or religions to be discriminated against - even if such Pops aren't even present in the country at game starts. You don't pick and choose which cultures or religions to discriminate against, it's all based on your Laws and how similar other cultures and religions are to your country's primary culture(s) and religion. These Laws are supported by Interest Groups, so while you can try to put an end to your discriminatory practices by changing your Citizenship and Church & State Laws, certain groups might not be pleased with you if you do.
首先，歧视取决于法律，而大多数国家开局时都自带歧视一部分特定文化宗教的法律——即使满足被歧视条件的Pops开局时甚至都没在该国出现。你无法选择歧视哪一种文化或宗教，这全然取决于你的法律，以及其它文化宗教与你国内主流文化宗教的相似程度。这些相关法律由各利益集团支持，所以你可以通过改变公民权、教会与国家的法律来终止歧视的行为，尽管某些利益集团可能不会乐见你这么做。
Second, discriminated Pops get paid less than their non-discriminated peers. This in turn makes ownership shareholders - and potentially all non-discriminated Pops in states where discriminated Pops live - richer, as they get a larger piece of the productivity pie. Therefore, putting an end to discrimination would hurt their personal finances, which causes them to Radicalize - and they have more Political Strength to hurt you with than the discriminated Pops do.
第二点则是，受歧视的Pops要比不受歧视的同行工资低。这就反过来导致所有权持股人——甚至是所有不受歧视的Pops（在有受歧视Pops居住地区的），相对而言会更富有，因为他们能从生产所得中分得更大的蛋糕。因此，终止这样的歧视将会使他们个人的资产受损，从而导致他们变成激进派——而且他们有比本来受歧视的Pops更强的政治力量来对付你。
Third, discriminated Pops have considerably less Political Strength than their peers. If you're worried about potential uprisings, getting rid of discriminatory practices could certainly help you in the long-term, but in the short-term it will empower the formerly discriminated to make stronger demands. It might be tempting to retain the status quo unless you’re prepared to take the fight with both the conservative elements of your society and the newly equal citizens who might want to see a few changes.
第三点是，受歧视Pops的政治力量要比他们的同行低得多。如果你深受潜在暴动的困扰，摆脱歧视行为长远来看当然是有益的，但短期内这一行为会释放原本被歧视人群的政治力量，从而使得他们提出更强有力的诉求。这样看来，保持现状可能就是一个很有吸引力的选项，除非你已经做好准备同时对付国内的保守分子和急切希望看到改变的、才刚刚平权的新公民。
But since discrimination occurs on a cultural basis (and if not cultural then often religious, which often maps back to a certain cultures anyway), this means that even if Pops of a certain culture represents a small proportion of the population in your country, the proportion of Pops within that culture that are Radical could be very large indeed. So in addition to measuring Turmoil on the state level, we also measure it on a culture level, and on a culture-in-country level.
但是由于歧视是以文化为基础发生的（如果不是文化的话，大概率是宗教，但无论如何也经常是指向某一种文化），这意味着即使某文化的Pops在你国家的人口中仅占一小部分，该文化中激进派Pops所占的比例仍然可能非常高。因此在衡量各地区的动乱之外，我们还衡量了整个文化的动乱，以及文化在某一国家中的动乱。
The Maghrebi culture might not have very high Turmoil overall because most of them live in Tunis and Morocco where they aren't discriminated against, but within France the Turmoil among Maghrebi Pops could reach higher levels.整体而言，马格里布文化的动乱或许并不太高，因为他们大多居住在突尼斯和摩洛哥，在那里他们并不受歧视，但在法国国内，马格里布Pops中的动乱可能会达到一个比较高的水平。
As we know from the Migration diary, if a whole culture has high Turmoil, this can result in the emergence of Mass Migration targets - states across the globe that temporarily gain the ability for Pops of those cultures to mass migrate there. This is the "peaceful" resolution to Discrimination - eventually, Pops who suffer systematic discrimination and see no improvement to their material conditions to compensate will simply pack up and move to someplace where they’re accepted.
正如我们从移民日志中所知，如果整个文化都处于高度动乱状态，就能导致大规模移民目标的出现——全球中暂时获得这一能力的地区会使得该文化的Pops大规模迁徙至此。这就是歧视的“和平”解决方案——那些遭受系统性歧视并且物质条件上没有丝毫补偿的Pops最终只会收拾行囊搬到一个能接受他们的地方。
But if Pops in a country suffer high Turmoil and live on one of their Cultural Homelands, they may instead start a Secession Movement. This could be the case for the Maghrebi population of Algiers, for example: they're not only being oppressed, but they're being oppressed on land they feel is theirs by right, and the obvious solution is to kick the French out of there. However, an Algerian that moves to Nice after their homeland was colonized and introduced to the French market will not try to start a secession movement for a Maghrebian sovereign state in southern France.
但是，如果一个国家的Pops居住在他们的文化本土Cultural Homelands，且承受了较高的动乱值，他们有可能会发起一场分离运动Secession Movement。例如，阿尔及尔的马格里布人就是这种情况：他们不仅被压迫，而且是在他们认为属于自己的土地上被压迫，那么直接的解决办法就是把法国人赶出去。然而，一个阿尔及利亚人在他的家乡被殖民、并入法国市场之后选择润去尼斯，那么他就不会在法国南部发起一个马格里布主权国家的分离运动。
A Secession Movement functions a lot like a revolutionary movement. It will gradually escalate in intensity until it reaches a threshold, after which point one or several states will break off from the country to form their own, then launch a Diplomatic Play. Much like revolutionary and Political movements, you can deal with these by trying to fix the underlying issues - whether the discrimination or the lack of material comforts - or by suppressing the troublemakers using decrees or the Home Affairs institution. If you can get the situation back under control you can dodge the secession for this time, but the movement might of course return if conditions worsen.
分离运动的功能很像革命运动。它的强度会逐渐升级，直到达到一个阈值之后，一个或几个地区会从你的国家中分离出来以形成他们自己的国家，然后发起一场外交博弈。与革命和政治运动一样，你可以通过努力来解决根本问题——无论是解决歧视还是缺乏物质享受的问题，或者通过使用法令或内务机构来镇压捣乱者。如果你能把局势重新控制住，你就能暂时躲过分裂的命运，但如果条件恶化，分裂运动当然会重新发生。
You can also deal with it more permanently by simply ceding the land to secessionists. In this case you would release a nation, including all Homelands of that culture in your possession. One benefit of this approach is that you can release the nation as a Subject, permitting you to still meddle in their affairs and exploit their economy even while you grant them at least some degree of self-determination. With no Homelands now left in your possession, the secessionist movement will vanish immediately.
你也可以通过简单地将土地割让给分离主义者来永久地处理这个问题。在这种情况下，你会释放一个包括你所拥有的该文化所有本土地区的国家。这种方法的一个好处是，你可以把这个国家作为一个附庸来释放，即使你给予他们某种很低程度的自决权，你仍然可以插手他们的事务和剥削他们的经济。由于现在没有本土在你手中，分离主义运动将立即消失。
Another option when releasing a nation is to play as them, which immediately puts you in charge of that country instead!释放一个国家时的另一个选择是扮演他们，这将使你立即成为这个国家的领导人！
But if you do not do any of these things, the secession will take place. This launches a Diplomatic Play where the country seceded from automatically gains the "Crush the Uprising" war goal, which if enforced will return the seceded states to their possession. The secessionists on the other hand only need to defend themselves! Unlike with revolutions, a secession can (sort of by definition) result in a white peace where the seceding country is simply left to exist.
但是如果你什么都不做，分离就会发生。这会启动一个外交博弈：被分离的国家自动获得战争目标“粉碎起义”，这会让分离地区回到他们的控制之中。另一方面，分离主义者只需要防御自己！和革命不同，一个分离可以（根据定义）无条件和平，导致分离国家简单地保持原样。
Just like in revolutionary Plays, other countries with Interests or certain Pacts are able to intervene on behalf of either country. Most importantly, if the culture seceding is already a Primary Culture in another country - for Maghrebi, that would be Tunis - that country is automatically invited to join the Play on the defender's side. Should they succeed to beat France, the seceding states would then become part of Tunis.
就像革命的外交博弈一样，其他拥有利益或者特定条约的国家可以站在其中一方进行干预。更为重要的是，如果分离的文化已经是另一个国家的主要文化——对于马格里布文化来说，这可以是突尼斯，那么这个国家会被自动邀请在外交博弈中加入防御方。如果他们成功地击败了法国，那么分离地区就会成为突尼斯的一部分。
In addition, as soon as such a Secession Play has commenced, there is a chance that secessionist movements for this culture will break out in other countries, even if they don't meet the Turmoil threshold! The classic example for this is Poland. Polish Pops live on Homelands across Prussia, Austria, and Russia. If any one of these countries mistreat the Poles to the point where they break away and form Poland, Polish pan-nationalist movements might break out in the other two countries as well. This potentially means having to fight all three countries for their independence!
除此之外，一旦分离的外交博弈开始，其他国家就有可能爆发这种文化的分离主义运动，即使他们没有达到动乱的阈值！最经典的案例就是波兰。波兰Pops居住在普鲁士、奥地利和俄罗斯拥有的文化本土上。如果这些国家中的任意一个虐待波兰人导致波兰脱离，波兰泛民族主义运动也可能在其他两个国家爆发。这可能意味着波兰需要同时与三个国家开战！
Will the three Great Powers unite in crushing the Polish nationalist movement? Or perhaps one will graciously give up their parcel of land to Poland and start bankrolling them instead, hoping to weaken their rivals and maybe gain a new puppet state in the process?三大列强会联合起来粉碎波兰民族主义运动吗？还是说其中一个国家会慷慨的把一块土地分给波兰，并开始为他们提供资金以来削弱他们的对手，并在过程中获得一个新的傀儡国？
Cultural Secession and Turmoil is a pretty classic take on anti-blobbing mechanics - if you aggressively expand too quickly your new subjects will get angry, will become more of a liability than an asset to you, and may even try to take their land back. But with Victoria's thematic focus on nation-states and pan-nationalism, these interact with the core mechanics of Pops, Cultures, Homelands, Radicals, Turmoil, and Diplomatic Plays to give you more tools to influence the situation than just pacing your conquests. Perhaps you will be a benevolent imperialist conqueror, who abhors Discrimination and Incorporates every new state to extend the benefit of your Institutions to them, convincing the newly conquered that they're better off under your rule? Or perhaps you will exploit their natural resources but release them as a Subject nation integrated into your market as soon as they get rowdy? Or you build good relations with a neighboring power who's also oppressing this population so you have a natural ally in case you need to put down a rebellion together? Or you stay in your own lane while putting Interests all around you, so you can get involved in these conflicts when they happen to others in order to create buffer states aligned with you?
文化分离和动乱是一个非常经典的负反馈机制——如果你扩张得太快，你的新子民们就会感到不满，就会成为你的负担而不是资产，甚至可能会试图夺回他们的土地。但是维多利亚的主题是民族国家以及泛民族主义，这些与Pops、文化、本土、激进派、动乱和外交博弈等核心机制相结合，就会给你更多影响局势的工具，而不是简单地来控制你征服的节奏。也许你会成为一个仁慈的帝国主义征服者：你会憎恶歧视、整合扩张的每一块土地并建立机构发展它们，让被征服的民众相信他们在你的治下生活的更好；或者你会开发他们的自然资源，但是在他们暴动的时候将他们释放为附庸国并立刻接入你的市场；亦或你与同样压迫这些人口的邻国建立了良好的关系，这样你就有了一个天然盟友以来和你一起平定叛乱；再或者你只顾自己的两亩地，同时把利益放在你周围，所以当这些冲突发生在别人身上时，你可以参与其中，以建立与你结盟的缓冲国？
That's all for me for a little while! Next week Ofaloaf will give us a peek at how we handle a very special butterfly of a civil war that's not really a revolution, not really a cultural secession, but that includes elements from both: the American Civil War.
今天就这么多！下周Ofaloaf会带我们瞧一下我们如何处理一个不是非常革命、也不是非常文化分裂、但同时包含了两者因素的内战：美国南北战争。
翻译：摸鱼怪 没有V3玩我要死了
校对：三等文官猹中堂
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本作品英文原文著作权属Paradox interactive AB所有，中文译文著作权属牧有汉化所有。
