【中英双语】要避开的团队演示陷阱
3 Group Presentation Pitfalls — and How to Avoid Them
by Allison Shapira
Many of us have experienced poor group presentations. If you're giving one, it's the last-minute scramble the night before to decide who is presenting which part of the presentation. If you're observing one, it's the chaos of hearing multiple people talking over one another or, even worse, simply reading their slides word-for-word and ignoring their audience.
我们中的许多人都经历过糟糕的团队演示。如果你要进行一次演示，这种糟糕体验就是前一天晚上的忙乱，以决定由谁来演示哪一部分。如果你在观察一次演示，糟糕的体验就是多人互相干扰的混乱，或者更糟糕的是，只是逐字逐句地念幻灯片而忽略了听众。
For many organizations, group presentations are a part of life. Your team may deliver a group pitch to a new client, or perhaps the capstone exercise of your leadership development program includes a series of group presentations to the head of your business unit. Virtual meetings make these presentations easier than ever because your team doesn't have to be in the same location.
对于许多企业来说，团队演示是生活的一部分。你的团队可能会向新客户进行集体推介，或者你的领导力发展计划中的巅峰练习包括向业务部门负责人进行一系列团队演示。虚拟会议让这些演示比以往任何时候都更容易，因为你的团队不必身处同一地点。
Putting together an effective group presentation takes teamwork and coordination so it doesn't look like a patchwork quilt. And yet, many of us never budget the time to fully prepare.
组织一次有效的团队演示需要团队合作与协调，这样它才不会像缝合怪一样。然而，许多人从来没有为充分准备安排过足够的时间。
What's at stake here? Every presentation is an opportunity to build trust with your audience. The cohesiveness of your group presentation is an indicator to your clients of what their relationship will be like working with you. If your presentation is disjointed and disorganized, your client will wonder what the outcome of your project will be. If one member of your team puts down another during the presentation, how will your team treat the client's team? You are presenting a glimpse into your working relationship as well as into your organization's capabilities.
这里什么是要紧事？每一次演示都是与听众建立信任的机会。你们团队演示的凝聚力可以向客户表明他们与你的合作关系会是怎样的。如果你的演示杂乱无章，你的客户就会质疑你的项目成果。如果一名团队成员在演示过程中不顾另一成员的面子，那么这个团队又会如何对待客户团队？你所呈现的是工作关系以及企业能力的一瞥。
My colleagues and I have been coaching our clients on their group presentations for nearly 20 years. In addition, I'm part of the faculty in an executive education course on persuasive communication at the Harvard Kennedy School. This three-week course culminates in a series of group presentations, which I evaluate along with the other faculty in the program.
近20年来，我和我的同事一直在指导我们的客户进行团队演示。此外，我还是哈佛大学肯尼迪学院（Harvard Kennedy School）关于说服性沟通的高管教育课程教员之一。这门为期三周的课程最终需要进行一系列的团队演示，我会与课程中的其他教员一起对这些演示进行评估。
Based on this experience, here are some of the common mistakes we see in group presentations, followed by a few best practices to keep you on track.
基于这一经验，以下是我们罗列了在团队演示中看到的一些常见错误，随后是一些可以让你保持正确方向的最佳实践。
Three Common Missteps
三种常见过失
1. Each slide looks like it was designed by a different person.
每张幻灯片看上去像不同人设计的
When no single person is in charge of a presentation, you tend to see a disjointed slide deck of different fonts, text styles, and images. You also see people put their entire script on the slide and read from it word-for-word. This distracts your audience and loses their attention.
当不是单独一个人负责演示时，你通常会看到由不同字体、文本样式和图像组成的一组杂乱幻灯片。你还会看到有人把整个脚本放在幻灯片上，逐字逐句地读。这会让你的听众分心，失去他们的关注。
2. Presenters talk over one another.
演示人员互相干扰
When we don’t take the time to decide who is covering what — and how we will transition from one person to the next — we start to interrupt one another, which reduces our professionalism. One of my clients once said to me, “What must our clients be thinking when we interrupt one another?”
当我们没有花时间确定谁来演示什么内容——以及我们将如何从一个人过渡到下一个人时——我们就开始互相打断，这降低了我们的专业水准。我的一个客户曾经对我说：“当我们互相打断时，我们的客户会怎么想？”
3. Forgetting that you are “on.”
忘记你是“在台上”
Once someone finishes their part of a group presentation, they are so relieved to be done speaking that they forget they are still “on stage” or on camera. They start checking their phone or zoning out instead of actively listening to the person speaking next.
一旦有人完成了自己那一部分团队演示，他们会因完成了讲解内容而如释重负，以至于忘记了自己仍“在台上”或在镜头中。他们开始查看自己的手机或走神，而不是积极地倾听下一个人的讲话。
Luckily, each of those missteps can be prevented with the right preparation.
幸运的是，适当的准备可以避免这些过失。
Three Best Practices
1. Strategize in advance / 提前制定策略
When preparing for any type of presentation, I teach people to ask three questions: Who is your audience? What is your goal? and Why you? For group presentations, it’s important to answer those questions together. The last question, Why you?, which actually means Why do you care?, prompts you to share your own motivations on the topic, helping your team bond as a cohesive unit.
在准备任何类型的演示时，我都会教人们问三个问题：谁是听众？目标是什么？为何是你？对于团队演示，一起回答这些问题很重要。最后一个问题，“为何是你”实际是指“为何你很在意”，它会促使你分享对这个话题的动机，帮助团队作为一个有内聚力的单位团结起来。
When you add a group presentation to your calendar, block off time to prepare as a group. Use this time to agree on your audience's level of knowledge about the topic, your specific goal for the presentation, the main message, the general outline and who will present each section before each of you starts writing your individual components. This helps you avoid the last-minute stress trying to fit each of your slides into one cohesive unit. Also decide who will take what kinds of questions, or decide who on the team will be in charge of fielding questions and assigning them to the right person to answer.
当你在日程中添加团队演示时，请留出时间一起准备。利用这段时间，就听众对主题的了解程度、演示的具体目标、主要信息、大纲以及每个部分由谁演示达成一致，然后每个人再开始撰写各自的部分。这有助于你避免在最后关头因试图将你的每一张幻灯片整合进一个有机整体而产生压力。另外，要决定谁来回答哪种类型的问题，或者决定团队中谁来负责答复问题，并将问题分配给合适的人来回答。
2. Practice as a group / 进行集体练习
Before the presentation, make time for a complete run-through, with slides. Specifically, practice your transitions from one person to the next, such as, Stacey did a great job talking us through the challenges of entering this new market. Now, I’ll provide a few solutions based on our firm’s expertise. Use a timer to ensure you are keeping to the allotted time, or set a realistic time limit based on the format of your meeting, so you ensure plenty of time to field questions. Make time to evaluate the slides together so that the language, font, and use of graphics are consistent.
在演示之前，请抽出时间用幻灯片进行完整彩排。具体来说，练习从一个人到下一个人的过渡，比如，“斯泰西精彩地讲述了进入这个新市场的挑战。现在，我将根据我们公司的专业知识提供几种解决方案”。请使用计时器确保你遵守分配的时间，或者根据会议的总体安排制定一个现实可行的时间限制，这样你才能确保有足够的时间回答问题。请腾出时间一起评估幻灯片，以便语言、字体和图表前后一致。
3. Deliver with confidence and authenticity / 展示需要自信且真诚
When it’s time for the group presentation itself, lead with the speaker who best represents your organization; give junior speakers an opportunity to present in the middle. This ensures a strong first impression and takes some of the pressure off newer speakers. When speaking in person, position yourself so that you can reference the slides but speak directly to the audience. Bring your own personality to the presentation; you could say something like, If you’re from California like I am, then you’ll know…Personal anecdotes that connect to the audience are a terrific way to build trust between the audience and each member of the group presenting.
到了团队演示的时候，让最能代表企业的人率先发言；给予初级发言者在中间演示的机会。这可以确保给人留下深刻的第一印象，并减轻发言新手的压力。当面对面发言时，请确定好自己的位置，以便你可以参照幻灯片的同时直接面向观众发言。在演示中融入你的个性；你可以这样说：“如果你和我一样来自加利福尼亚，那么你就会知道……”与听众相关的个人轶事是在听众与演示小组每个成员之间建立信任的极好方式。
What changes in a virtual setting?
虚拟环境会带来什么变化？
All the above suggestions hold true in virtual presentations, especially the importance of doing a complete run-through on the virtual platform you’ll be using. In these situations, designate one person to run the slides for the entire presentation so each person doesn’t have to share their screen. Ensure each speaker has a professional background, adequate lighting on their face, and is clearly audible. Use this video for reference on how to prepare for virtual presentations. When speaking, look directly into the camera lens so the audience sees and feels your eye contact. When you are not speaking, mute yourself so your background noise doesn’t interfere with the speaker.
以上所有建议在虚拟演示中均适用，尤其在你将要使用的虚拟平台上进行完整彩排也很重要。在这些情况下，指定一个人播放整个演示文稿的所有幻灯片，这样每个人就不必共享屏幕。确保每位发言者都有专业背景，面部有足够的照明，并且声音清晰可闻。参考这个视频来准备虚拟演示。说话时，直视摄像镜头，这样听众可以看到并感受到你的眼神交流。当你不说话时，让自己静音，这样你的背景噪音就不会干扰发言者。
Done well, a group presentation demonstrates the strength of your team and the quality of your work. Take advantage of this powerful opportunity to build trust with your audience and, as a result, help your organization succeed.
如果完成得不错，团队演示可以展现团队的力量和工作质量。请利用这个强大的机会与听众建立信任，从而帮助你的企业取得成功。
艾莉森·沙皮拉在哈佛大学肯尼迪学院教授“沟通艺术（The Arts of Communication）”课程，她是培训企业全球公共演讲（Global Public Speaking）的创始人兼CEO。该公司帮助新兴和成熟领导者清晰、简洁、自信地演讲。她著有新书《有影响力的演讲：如何掌控房间并影响他人》（Speak with Impact: How to Command the Room and Influence Others）。
