原文链接：https://lichess.org/study/6qTvB7PB

原作者：LeninPerez

译：Ottava

略作删减，对内容无影响。

1 Introduction  介绍

Hi! Welcome to my new studio! I recently asked my studios if they wanted me to create a study on opening in English, their responses were all positive and now I must fulfill my promise, this is my study on ''The English Opening.''

你好哇！感谢你来到新的开局研讨会！我之前问了朋友们的意见，他们都很支持我做有关英国式开局的教学，所以新教学就来了。以下是我关于“英国式开局”的研究。

The English Opening is a positional style opening, which is reputed to be VERY SOLID and tends to lead to a calm game, although this opening contains many theories, I will try to do my best to summarize the most important things you should know before to play it.

英国式开局是一种局面型的开局，它以非常扎实而闻名，并通常会导致一场不那么激烈的对局。虽然这种开局包含很多理论内容，但我会尽量把使用英国式开局需要知道的最重要的事情总结出来。

This opening starts with 1.c4 (you can do it now) :D

这种开局的第一步是1.c4

This move may seem strange to you, since it is not as common as 1.e4 or 1.d4 for example. Still, this move kicks off the English Opening that we are going to talk about in this study.

这个走法可能会让你感到奇怪，因为它不像1.e4或者1.d4那样常见。不过，这个走法开启了我们正要讨论的英国式开局。

Press the heart of this study to support me and motivate me to do many more studies, and to know if you liked this study or if you are doing it.

一键三连，加速更新~

2 Scheme and Plans 开局计划

I am going to use this chapter to help you understand the ideas, plans and standard scheme of the English Opening, so instead of memorizing, you will be able to understand the basics in order to achieve better results in your games.

我将用这一章的内容来帮助你理解英国式开局的思想、计划和标准走法，这样你就不需要死记硬背，而是能够掌握基本的理念，从而在你的比赛中取得更好的成绩。

Start your games with 1.c4

第一步走c4

1.c4

2.Nc3

3.g3

4.Bg2

You should do this ALMOST ALWAYS in your games with the English Opening, which has this name thanks to the English player Howard Staunton, who put a LOT of use to this opening.

你在使用英式国开局时应该几乎总是走这几步。这种开局之所以叫英国式开局，是因为英国棋手Howard Staunton经常使用这种开局。

After 1.c4 your knight from b1 will go to c3, and then you will play g3 to bring your bishop from f1 to g2, that is the basis of this opening. The bishop that will be positioned on g2 is your most important piece, since it controls the entire h1-a8 diagonal.

在1.c4之后，你的b1马会走到c3，然后你会走g3，把你的f1象带到g2，这是此开局的基础。g2象将是你最重要的棋子，因为它控制了整个h1-a8的对角线。

The other pieces have different directions (which I will explain to you in the following chapters), although I can mention that your e2 pawn must be yes or yes on e3.

其它棋子则有不同的出子方式（我会在后面的章节中向你解释），不过可以提一下，你的e2兵几乎总是要走到e3。

3 Anglo-Indian Defence 印度防御

1.c4 Nf6

This is the Anglo Indian Defense, characterized by the move 1.Nf6 after your first move 1.c4, whose idea is to make g6 to take the bishop from f8 to g7, something similar to what you want to do with your f1 bishop.

此为印度防御，以1...Nf6为特征，它的想法是走g6，把f8的象放到g7，这与你f1象做的事情类似。

2.Nc3 g6

3.g3 Bg7

4.Bg2

4... 0-0

5.d4 d6

Develop your knight

出马

6.Nf3 Nc6

Your king is in the center...

你的王还在中间……

7.0-0 a6

You have to decide what to do with your dark-squared bishop, b3 is a good idea, don't you think?

如何出动c1的黑格象？b3可能是个不错的选择，你觉得呢？

8.b3

Yes! Your dark-squared bishop can have different directions, but you should know that one of the most common is b2, after you play b3 like now.

很好！当然你的黑格象可以有不同的出子方式，但你应该知道b2是其中最常见的一种。

This position has been played many times, and most of them the white pieces are victorious.

这种局面已经被下过很多次，而且多数情况下是白胜。

译者注：下图为lichess上近十年的数据，实际上8.b3并不常见。同时，这篇只是英国式开局的初步教学，还需后续学习更多内容。

4 Reversed Sicilian 先手西西里

1.c4 e5

This defense is called the King's English Variation, but it is better known as the ''Reversed Sicilian'', and has this name since it is VERY similar to the Sicilian Defense (1.e4, 1.c5) but the white pieces (you) have an extra time.

这种防御被称为王翼英国式变例，但它有一个更为人所知的名字——“xian'shou西西里”，之所以有这个名字，是因为它与西西里防御非常相似（1.e4 c5），但白方（你）多一步棋。

2.Nc3 Nf6

3.g3 d5

Your opponent wants the center! Capturing that pawn is a good idea?

你的对手试图抢占中心！或许兑兵是个不错的选择？

4.cd Nd5

Develop your bishop

出象

5.Bg2 Nb6

Now develop your knight

出马

6.Nf3 Nc6

(Psst, your king is in the center)

（注意，你的王还在中间）

7.0-0 Be7

It is time to make a decision with your central pawns.

是时候决定中心兵如何行动了。

What will be better?: Play d3? or Play e3?

两种选择：8.d3与8.e3 ，哪个更好？

8.d3

Very good!

很好！

e3 is very common in the English Opening, but it is not good to do it now since then the d3 square will be very weak.d3 is the best decision.

e3在英国式开局中很常见，但就目前来说，8.e3并不好，因为你的d3格将会很弱。8.d3是最好的选择。

5 Symmetrical Variation 对称防御

1.c4 c5

The ''Symmetrical Variation'' as its name implies, bears a lot of resemblance to the plans you want to make in the English Opening, as your opponent decides to ''mimic'' all of your moves to some extent.

正如其名，黑方“对称防御”的开局计划与你在英国式开局中的计划非常相似，因为你的对手在某种程度上想完全模仿你走棋。

He shouldn't feel uncomfortable, just keep doing your standard moves and go ahead with his plans.

不必感到不适，按照标准的着法，继续执行你的计划就好了。

2.Nc3 Nc6

3.g3 g6

4.Bg2 Bg7

As you can see, your opponent follows your steps.

如你所见，你的对手在模仿你走棋

Develop your knight

出马

5.Nf3 Nf6

6.0-0 d6

If your opponent follows in your footsteps for a long time, then he won't have a good game, so he played d6 here.

如果你的对手一直模仿你走棋的话，他将永远不会在局面上占优，所以他在这里走了d6.

7.d4 cd

8.Nd4 Bd7

9.b3 0-0

10.Bb2

Excellent! Although the position is still symmetrical, you have a better game. The reason is your pieces, since these are more active than your opponent's, and your bishops control large diagonals, thus forming an X.

很好！虽然局面在某种程度上仍然是对称的，但你的局面更好。原因是你轻子的位置更主动，而且你的象控制了大斜线，从而形成了一个X形。

6 Caro-Kann System Defensive 卡罗-康防御体系

1.c4 c6

Surely this seems familiar to you, and it is called "Caro-Kann System Defensive" after the famous Caro-Kann Defense, which also starts with 1.c6.

它被称为“卡罗-康防御体系”，因为它和著名的卡罗-康防御一样，都是以1.c6开局。

This defense has the same plans as the Caro-Kann Defense, so you will soon find yourself with a d5.

这种防御的思路和卡罗-康防御一样，所以你很快就会发现黑方会走d5。

You already know what your second move is, so do it :)

你知道第二步走什么，走出这一步 :)

2.Nc3 d5

Capture the pawn

兑兵

3.cd cd

4.d4 Nf6

Develop your bishop

出象

5.Bf4 Nc6

6.d3 a6

It's time to develop your light-squared bishop, but it won't be g2 this time, or else you'll be a bit passive against this Caro-Kann System.

是时候出动白格象了，但这次不走Bg2，因为这种走法在面对卡罗-康体系时略显被动。

What is the best square for your bishop then?

那么象放在哪个格子最好呢？

7.Bd3

Very good! From here your bishops are very dangerous, even if they are not in their natural squares.

很好！即使不在大斜线上，你的象在这个位置上也很具有杀伤力。

7... Bg4

8.Nge2 e6

9.0-0

Without a doubt you have a great development!

你已经成功完成了出子阶段

This is the ''English'' way of playing against this system, or at least that's what I call it :D

这就是对付卡罗-康防御这个体系的“英国式”方式，或者至少我是这么叫它的 :D

7 Agincourt Defense 阿金库尔防御

1.c4 e6

The idea of the "Agincourt Defense" is to counter with a quick d5 supported by an e6, something similar to the French Defense.

“阿金库尔防御”的目的是用一个由e6支持的d5来进行反击，有点像法兰西防御。

It is VERY DIFFICULT to get a good game with the typical plans of the English Opening, since it is better to transpose to other openings when your opponent plays this defense, since you will reach a better game, so you will have to change your plans a bit

如果你坚持用英国式开局的常规思路，将很难占到优势。当黑方采用这种防御时，你最好转入其他开局，那样你会有更好的局面，所以你需要调整一下你的计划。

(Psst, your second move will never change)

（你的第二步不用变）

2.Nc3 d5

3.d4

This is already a Queen's Gambit, but it is the best to have a good game.

为了局面占优，现在已经转入后翼弃兵开局

3... Nf6

4.cd ed

Develop your bishop in the best square

出象，到哪个格子最积极？

5.Bg5 Be7

6.e3 0-0

7.Bd3

Although your bishops are not on their natural or standard squares, they target the black king and are extremely dangerous.

虽然你的象不在英国式开局的标准位置，但他们威胁着黑王，仍很具有杀伤力。

7... c6

8.Qc2

Although this is no longer the English Opening, you have a good game! Led by your great bishops, who stare at the black king.

虽然这已经不是英国式开局了，但你的局面很好！你的双象很强，他们盯着黑方的国王。

Remember to change the "typical plans" before this opening, or else you will have an extremely passive game.

记得在这个开局之前改变一下“典型的英国式计划”，否则你会有一个非常被动的局面。

8 Example Game 1

9 Example Game 2

这两个部分太长了，以后单独翻译出来。

10 Conclusion

This study was done at the request of all of you, so I hope you had fun, and above all that you learned a lot about the English Opening, which is my goal.

应大家的要求，我做了这篇教程，所以我希望你们玩得开心，更重要的是你们能从英国式开局中学到很多东西，这是我的目标。

Please, if you have come this far, do not leave the study without first pressing the heart of this study, I appreciate it!

如果你看到了这里，还不要忘了一键三连，感谢！

Until next Monday (if I have time it can be during the week), I am Lenin Perez and we will see you in a next study!

下周一见（如果我有时间的话，可以在一周内），我是Lenin Perez，我们下次研讨会再见！

（欢迎大家给翻译提建议！或多或少有些翻译腔，我尽量改进）