20221227 英语词汇/词组学习汇总
ˈcash-strapped adj.
[ only before noun] without enough money 资金短缺的
cash-strapped governments/shoppers 缺资金的政府；缺钱的购物者
sweep·ing adj. /ˈswiːpɪŋ/
[ usually before noun] having an important effect on a large part of sth 影响广泛的；大范围的；根本性的
•sweeping reforms/changes 全面改革；彻底变化
•Security forces were given sweeping powers to search homes. 安全部队被授予入户搜查的极大权力。
2. [ usually before noun] ( disapproving) too general and failing to think about or understand particular examples （过分）笼统的；一概而论的
•a sweeping generalization/statement 笼统的概括；一概而论的说法
3. ~ victory a victory by a large number of votes, etc. （在投票等中的）大胜，全胜
4. [ only before noun] forming a curved shape 弧线的；弯曲的
•a sweeping gesture (= with your hand or arm) 挥动的动作
•a sweeping staircase 弧形楼梯
ar·rest /əˈrest/
[ VN] [ often passive] ~ sb (for sth)if the police arrest sb, the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime 逮捕；拘留
•A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery. 一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。
•She was arrested for drug-related offences. 她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。
•You could get arrested for doing that. 你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。
2. [ VN] ( formal ) to stop a process or a development 阻止；中止
•They failed to arrest the company's decline. 他们未能阻止公司的衰落。
3. [ VN] ( formal ) to make sb notice sth and pay attention to it 吸引（注意）
•An unusual noise arrested his attention . 一阵不寻常的嘈杂声引起了他的注意。
4. [ V] if sb arrests , their heart stops beating 心跳停止
•He arrested on the way to the hospital. 他在送往医院途中停止了心跳。
· debt-ridden
o ADJ Debt-ridden countries, companies, or people owe extremely large amounts of money. 负债累累的
• ...the debt-ridden economies of Latin America.
... 拉丁美洲负债累累的经济。
cap /kæp/
HAT 帽子
a type of soft flat hat with a peak (= a hard curved part sticking out in front). Caps are worn especially by men and boys, often as part of a uniform. （尤指男用有帽舌的）便帽，制服帽
•a school cap 学生帽
——see also baseball cap cloth cap mob cap
2. ( usually in compounds 通常构成复合词 ) a soft hat that fits closely and is worn for a particular purpose 软帽
•a shower cap 浴帽
3. a soft hat with a square flat top worn by some university teachers and students at special ceremonies （大学师生在特别场合戴的）方帽
——compare mortar board
IN SPORT 体育运动
4. ( BrE ) a cap given to sb who is chosen to play for a school, country, etc.; a player chosen to play for their country, etc. （校队、国家队等的）队员帽；（被选入国家队等的）运动员
•He won his first cap (= was first chosen to play) for England against France. 他首次被选为英格兰队的队员与法国队比赛。
•There are three new caps in the side. 这一方有三名新队员。
ON PEN/BOTTLE 钢笔；瓶子
5. a cover or top for a pen, bottle, etc. （钢笔、瓶子等的）帽，盖
•a lens cap 镜头盖
——see also filler cap hubcap
——note at lid
LIMIT ON MONEY 资金限额
6. an upper limit on an amount of money that can be spent or borrowed by a particular institution or in a particular situation （可用或可借资金的）最高限额
•The government has placed a cap on local council spending. 政府给地方议会的经费支出规定了最高限额。
IN TOY GUNS 玩具枪
7. a small paper container with explosive powder inside it, used especially in toy guns （玩具枪的）火药帽，火药纸
FOR WOMAN 妇女
8. ( BrE )
= diaphragm (2)
——see also ="javascript:;">ice cap thinking cap
IDIOMS 习语
· 1. go cap in ˈhand (to sb)
( BrE ) ( US also go hat in ˈhand ) to ask sb for sth, especially money, in a very polite way that makes you seem less important 谦卑地要，恭敬地讨（尤指钱）
· 2. if the cap fits (, wear it)
( BrE ) ( NAmE also if the shoe fits (, wear it) ) ( informal ) if you feel that a remark applies to you, you should accept it and take it as a warning or criticism 有则改之
o •I didn't actually say that you were lazy, but if the cap fits... 我并没有真的说你懒，但有则改之。
——more at ="javascript:;">feather n.
cap /kæp/ ( -pp- ) [ VN]
COVER TOP 覆盖顶部
[ usually passive] ~ sth (with sth)to cover the top or end of sth with sth 用…覆盖顶部（或端部）
•mountains capped with snow 积雪皑皑的山峰
•snow-capped mountains 顶端积雪的群山
LIMIT MONEY 限定金额
2. [ often passive] ( especially BrE ) to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth 限额收取（或支出）
•a capped mortgage 限额按揭
BEAT 超越
3. ( especially BrE ) to say or do sth that is funnier, more impressive, etc. than sth that has been said or done before 胜过；超过；比…更…
•What an amazing story. Can anyone cap that? 这真是个精彩的故事！还有人能讲得更精彩吗？
TOOTH 牙齿
4. [ usually passive] to put an artificial covering on a tooth to make it look more attractive 包（牙）
•He's had his front teeth capped. 他包了门牙。
SYN crown
IN SPORT 体育运动
5. [ usually passive] ( BrE ) to choose sb to play in their country's national team for a particular sport 选入（某项体育运动的国家队）
•He has been capped more than 30 times for Wales. 他已30多次入选威尔士队参加比赛。
IDIOMS 习语
· 1. to cap/top it ˈall
( informal ) used to introduce the final piece of information that is worse than the other bad things that you have just mentioned 最糟糕的是；最倒霉的是
out·stand·ing adj. /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/
extremely good; excellent 优秀的；杰出的；出色的
•an outstanding player/achievement/success 杰出的运动员╱成绩╱成就
•an area of outstanding natural beauty 自然风景极美的地区
——note at excellent
2. [ usually before noun] very obvious or important 突出的；明显的；重要的
SYN prominent
•the outstanding features of the landscape 这一风景的突出特征
3. ( of payment, work, problems, etc. 款项、工作、困难等 ) not yet paid, done, solved, etc. 未支付的；未完成的；未解决的
•She has outstanding debts of over ￡500. 她未清偿的债务超过500英镑。
•A lot of work is still outstanding. 许多工作尚未完成。
re·lieve v. /rɪˈliːv/ [ VN]
to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain 解除，减轻，缓和（不快或痛苦）
•to relieve the symptoms of a cold 减轻感冒的症状
•to relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑╱内疚；缓解压力
•Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her. 能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。
2. to make a problem less serious 减轻（问题的严重性）；缓和；缓解
SYN alleviate
•efforts to relieve poverty 缓解贫困的努力
•to relieve traffic congestion 缓解交通拥堵
3. to make sth less boring, especially by introducing sth different 调剂；使有趣
•We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。
•The black and white pattern is relieved by tiny coloured flowers. 五彩缤纷的小花使得黑白图案不那么单调。
4. to replace sb who is on duty 接替；给…换班
•to relieve a sentry 换岗
•You'll be relieved at six o'clock. 六点钟有人来换你的班。
5. to free a town, etc. from an enemy army that has surrounded it 将（城镇从敌人的围困中）解围
6. ~ yourselfa polite way of referring to going to the toilet （去厕所的一种委婉说法）方便，解手
•I had to relieve myself behind a bush. 我只好在树丛后面方便了一下。
PHRASAL VERBS 短语动词
· 1.REˈLIEVE SB OF STH
(1) to help sb by taking sth heavy or difficult from them 替…拿重物；帮助…减轻（负担）
o •Let me relieve you of some of your bags. 我来帮你拿几个袋子吧。
o •The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. 新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。
(2) ( informal ironic) to steal sth from sb 偷窃；窃取
o •A boy with a knife relieved him of his wallet. 一个持刀的家伙偷了他的钱包。
(3) to dismiss sb from a job, position, etc. 开除；解除…的职务
o •General Beale was relieved of his command. 比尔将军被解除了指挥权。
· credit crunch
o N a period during which there is a sudden reduction in the availability of credit from banks and other lenders 信贷危机; 银行或其他贷方的贷款可供量急剧紧缩的一段时间
· roil /rɔɪl/
roilingroiledroils
o 1. V-I If water roils, it is rough and disturbed. 激荡; 翻腾
• The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.
当他在瀑布边缘小心攀爬时，水飞溅到他左边。
o 2. V-T Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused. 扰乱; 使混乱
• Times of national turmoil generally roil a country's financial markets.
国家动荡不安的时候，通常引起金融市场混乱。
· breathing space
o N-VAR A breathing space is a short period of time between two activities in which you can recover from the first activity and prepare for the second one. (两项活动之间的) 喘息时间
• Firms need a breathing space if they are to recover.
各公司要复苏就需要个喘息时间。
• We hope that it will give us some breathing space.
我们希望它能给我们些喘息时间。
down·turn n. /ˈdaʊntɜːn/
[ usually sing.]
~ (in sth) a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker （商业经济的）衰退，下降，衰退期
• a downturn in sales/trade/business 销量╱贸易╱营业额下降
• the economic downturn of the late 1990s 20世纪90年代末的经济衰退
backpedal
intransitive verb
: to retreat or move backward
crash /kræʃ/
VEHICLE ACCIDENT 交通事故
( NAmE also also wreck ) an accident in which a vehicle hits sth, for example another vehicle, usually causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengers 撞车；碰撞；相撞
•A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 昨天有一女孩在一桩涉及窃车的撞车事故中丧生。
•a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故；飞机失事
LOUD NOISE 巨响
2. [ usually sing.] a sudden loud noise made, for example, by sth falling or breaking （倒下、破碎等突然的）碰撞声，破裂声，碎裂声
•The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵树哗啦一声倒了。
•The first distant crash of thunder shook the air. 远处的第一声霹雳震撼着天空。
IN FINANCE/BUSINESS 金融；商业
3. a sudden serious fall in the price or value of sth; the occasion when a business, etc. fails 暴跌；倒闭；破产；失败
SYN collapse
•the 1987 stock market crash 1987年的股票市场暴跌
COMPUTING 计算机技术
4. a sudden failure of a machine or system, especially of a computer or computer system （机器或系统，尤指计算机或计算机系统的）崩溃
SYNONYMS 同义词辨析
slam • collide • smash • wreck
These are all words that can be used when sth, especially a vehicle, hits sth else very hard and is damaged or destroyed. 以上各词均含碰撞、撞击之义，尤指撞车。
1. crash
( rather informal ) to hit an object or another vehicle, causing damage; to make a vehicle do this 指（使）物体或交通工具碰撞或撞击：
• I was terrified that the plane would crash. 飞机会失事把我吓坏了。
2. slam (sth) into/against sb/sth
to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this 指（使）重重地撞上：
• The car skidded and slammed into a tree. 汽车打滑，重重地撞到树上。
3. collide
( rather formal ) (of two vehicles or people) to crash into each other; (of a vehicle or person) to crash into sb/sth else 指交通工具或人碰撞、相撞或撞上：
• The car and the van collided head-on in thick fog. 那辆小轿车和货车在浓雾中迎面相撞。
4. smash
( rather informal ) to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this; to crash a car 指（使）猛烈撞击、猛烈碰撞或撞车：
• Ramraiders smashed a stolen car through the shop window. 飙车抢劫者驾着偷来的汽车撞破商店橱窗。
crash, slam or smash? 用crash、slam还是smash？
Crash is used particularly for vehicles and can be used without a preposition. crash尤指交通工具碰撞，可不与介词连用：
•We're going to crash, aren't we? 我们要坠毁了，是不是？
In this meaning slam and smash always take a preposition. slam和smash表示此义时总是与介词连用：
•We're going to slam/smash, aren't we?
They are used for a much wider range of things than just vehicles. Crash can also be used for other things, if used with a preposition. 两词均可用于除交通工具外的范围更广的事物。crash与介词连用也可用于其他事物：
•He crashed down the telephone receiver. 他砰的一声将电话听筒摔下来。
5. wreck
to crash a vehicle and damage it so badly that it is not worth repairing 指使交通工具撞坏或毁坏
PATTERNS AND COLLECTIONS
● The two vehicles crashed / collided.
● The two vehicles crashed / slammed / smashed into each other .
● The car / plane crashed / slammed / smashed into a tree.
● I've crashed / smashed / wrecked the car .
● to crash / slam / collide / smash head-on (into / with sth)
· meltdown /ˈmɛltˌdaʊn/
o 1. N-VAR If there is meltdown in a nuclear reactor, the fuel rods start melting because of a failure in the system, and radiation starts to escape. (核反应堆的) 堆芯熔毁
• Scientists warned that emergency cooling systems could fail and a reactor meltdown could occur.
科学家们警告说紧急冷却系统可能失灵，核反应堆的堆芯熔毁可能会发生。
o 2. N-UNCOUNT The meltdown of a company, organization, or system is its sudden and complete failure. (公司、机构、系统等的) 突然崩溃
• Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.
紧急谈判正在进行中，以防止市场在夏天陷入金融崩溃。
· default /dɪˈfɔːlt/
o 1. V-I If a person, company, or country defaults on something that they have legally agreed to do, such as paying some money or doing a piece of work before a particular time, they fail to do it. 不履行 (义务); 违约
• The credit card business is down, and more borrowers are defaulting on loans.
信用卡生意正在走下坡路，更多的借贷人不履行还贷责任。
o 2. N-UNCOUNT Default is also a noun. 不履行; 违约
• The corporation may be charged with default on its contract with the government.
该公司可能会被指控违反了与政府签订的合同。
o 3. ADJ A default situation is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it. 原样的
• He appeared unimpressed; but then, unimpressed was his default state.
他看似不为所动，但是，不为所动就是他的原样。
o 4. N-UNCOUNT In computing, the default is a particular set of instructions which the computer always uses unless the person using the computer gives other instructions. 默认值
• The default setting on Windows Explorer will not show these files.
视窗浏览器上的默认系统设定不显示这些文档。
o 5. PHRASE If something happens by default, it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened. 在另外的可能性没有发生的情况下
• I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default.
我宁可把钱付给个人，也不会毫无选择就把钱交给国家。
· slump /slʌmp/
o 1. V-I If something such as the value of something slumps, it falls suddenly and by a large amount. (价值等) 暴跌
• Net profits slumped by 41%.
净利润暴跌了41%。
o 2. N-COUNT Slump is also a noun. (价值等的) 暴跌
• The council's land is now worth much less than originally hoped because of a slump in property prices.
由于地产价格的暴跌，委员会的土地目前大不如原来所希望的那么值钱了。
o 3. N-COUNT A slump is a time when many people in a country are unemployed and poor. 经济萧条时期
• ...the slump of the early 1980s.
…20世纪80年代初期的经济萧条时期。
o 4. V-T/V-I If you slump somewhere, you fall or sit down there heavily, for example, because you are very tired or you feel ill. 瘫倒; (因劳累或生病等) 跌坐
• She slumped into a chair.
她瘫倒在一张椅子上。
· batter /ˈbætə/
o 1. V-T To batter someone means to hit them many times, using fists or a heavy object. 连续猛击 (某人)
• The passengers were battered by flying luggage and cargo as the cabin lost pressure.
当机舱失去压力时，乘客们受到飞落的行李和货物连续猛击。
• A karate expert battered a man to death.
一位空手道高手将一名男子猛击致死。
o 2. ADJ 遭殴打的
• Her battered body was discovered in a field.
她被殴打过的尸体在一块地里被发现了。
o 3. V-T If someone is battered, they are regularly hit and badly hurt by a member of their family or by their partner. 虐待
• ...evidence that the child was being battered.
…这个孩子正遭虐待的证据。
• ...boys who witness fathers battering their mothers.
…亲眼目睹父亲虐待他们母亲的男孩们。
o 4. N-UNCOUNT 虐待
• Leaving the relationship does not mean that the battering will stop.
脱离了这种关系并不意味着虐待会停止。
o 5. V-T If a place is battered by wind, rain, or storms, it is seriously damaged or affected by very bad weather. (风、雨或风暴等的) 袭击
• The country has been battered by winds of between fifty and seventy miles an hour.
这个国家一直受到时速50至70英里大风的袭击。
o 6. V-T If you batter something, you hit it many times, using your fists or a heavy object. 连续猛击
• They were battering the door, they were trying to break in.
他们连续击门，试图破门而入。
o 7. N-VAR Batter is a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk that is used in cooking. (面粉、蛋和牛奶混合成的) 糊
• ...pancake batter.
…做薄煎饼的面糊。
o 8. N-COUNT In sports such as baseball and softball, a batter is a person who hits the ball with a wooden bat. 击球员
• ...batters and pitchers.
…击球员和投球手们。
o 9. N the slope of the face of a wall that recedes gradually backwards and upwards (墙面的)斜坡
o 10. V to have such a slope 形成坡度
o 11. N a spree or debauch 狂欢或放荡
o 12. →see also battered →see also battering
cof·fer n. /ˈkɒfə(r)/
[ C] a large strong box, used in the past for storing money or valuable objects （旧时的）保险柜，贵重物品箱
2. ( also cof·fers ) [ pl.] a way of referring to the money that a government, an organization, etc. has available to spend （政府、机构等的）金库，资金
•The nation's coffers are empty. 国库空虚。
con·ta·gion n. /kənˈteɪdʒən/
[ U] the spreading of a disease by people touching each other 接触传染
•There is no risk of contagion. 没有接触传染的风险。
2. [ C] ( old use) a disease that can be spread by people touching each other 接触性传染病
3. [ C] ( formal ) something bad that spreads quickly by being passed from person to person （不良事物的快速）传播，蔓延，扩散
——compare infection
in·stabil·ity n.
/ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/
( pl. -ies)
[ UCusually pl.]
the quality of a situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly 不稳定；不稳固
•political and economic instability 政治和经济的不稳定
2. a mental condition in which sb's behaviour is likely to change suddenly （精神的）不稳定状态，变化无常
•mental/emotional instability 精神╱情绪的不稳定
OPP stability
——see also unstable
ˈwould-be adj.
[ only before noun]
used to describe sb who is hoping to become the type of person mentioned （形容想要成为…的人）未来的
• a would-be actor 想要成为演员的人
• advice for would-be parents 对即将成为父母的人的忠告
· boycott /ˈbɔɪkɒt/
o 1. V-T If a country, group, or person boycotts a country, organization, or activity, they refuse to be involved with it in any way because they disapprove of it. 联合抵制
• The main opposition parties are boycotting the elections.
主要的反对党派正在联合抵制选举。
o 2. N-COUNT Boycott is also a noun. 联合抵制
• Opposition leaders had called for a boycott of the vote.
反对派领导者号召联合抵制投票。
after·math n. /ˈɑːftəmæθ/ /‑mɑːθ/
[ usually sing.] the situation that exists as a result of an important (and usually unpleasant) event, especially a war, an accident, etc. （战争、事故、不快事情的）后果，创伤
• A lot of rebuilding took place in the aftermath of the war. 战后进行了大量的重建工作。
• the assassination of the Prime Minister and its immediate aftermath 暗杀首相及其直接后果
· unprecedented /ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd/
o 1. ADJ If something is unprecedented, it has never happened before. 史无前例的
• Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented.
这样的举动少见，但并非从来没有过。
o 2. ADJ If you describe something as unprecedented, you are emphasizing that it is very great in quality, amount, or scale. (质量、数量或规模) 空前的
• The mission has been hailed as an unprecedented success.
这次使命已被宣布为一次空前的成功。
bor·row·ing n. /ˈbɒrəʊɪŋ/
[ CU] the money that a company, an organization or a person borrows; the act of borrowing money 借款；贷款；借贷
•an attempt to reduce bank borrowings 减少向银行借贷的努力
•High interest rates help to keep borrowing down. 高利率有助于控制借贷。
2. [ C] a word, a phrase or an idea that sb has taken from another person's work or from another language and used in their own 借用的言语（或思想等）
due /djuː/
CAUSED BY 由于
[ not before noun] ~ to sth/sbcaused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth 由于；因为
•The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
•Most of the problems were due to human error. 多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
•The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. 这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。
HELP Some people think that it is more correct to use owing to to mean ‘because of’ after a verb or at the beginning of a clause, as due is an adjective. 有人认为在动词之后或从句之首用owing to表示“因为”更合适，因为due是形容词。
EXPECTED 预期
2. [ not before noun] ~ (to do sth)~ (for sth)arranged or expected 预定；预期；预计
•When's the baby due? 宝宝什么时候出世？
•Rose is due to start school in January. 罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
•The band's first album is due for release later this month. 这个乐队的第一张唱片预定在本月下旬发行。
•The next train is due in five minutes. 下一班火车预计在五分钟后抵达。
( especially NAmE )
•My essay's due next Friday (= it has to be given to the teacher by then) . 我的论文下周五必须交。
OWED 欠款
3. [ not usually before noun] when a sum of money is due , it must be paid immediately 到期
•Payment is due on 1 October. 付款期限为10月1日。
4. [ not before noun] ~ (to sb)owed to sb as a debt, because it is their right or because they have done sth to deserve it 应支付；应给予；应归于
•Have they been paid the money that is due to them? 他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
•Our thanks are due to the whole team. 我们要向全队致谢。
5. [ not before noun] ~ (for) sthowed sth; deserving sth 应有；应得到
•I'm still due 15 day's leave. 我还应有15天的休假。
•She's due for promotion soon. 她很快该晋升了。
SUITABLE/RIGHT 适当；合适
6. [ only before noun] ( formal ) that is suitable or right in the circumstances 适当的；恰当的；合适的
•After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr Davis to the job. 经过适当考虑，我们决定委任戴维斯先生干这项工作。
•to make due allowance for sth 适当考虑某事
( BrE )
•He was charged with driving without due care and attention . 他被控鲁莽驾驶。
——compare undue
IDIOMS 习语
· 1. in ˌdue ˈcourse
at the right time and not before 在适当的时候；到一定的时候
o •Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。
——more at ="javascript:;">respect n.
re·pay·ment n. /rɪˈpeɪmənt/
[ U] the act of paying back money that you have borrowed from a bank, etc. 归还借款；偿还债务
•The loan is due for repayment by the end of the year. 这笔借款要在年底还清。
2. [ Cusually pl.] a sum of money that you pay regularly to a bank, etc. until you have returned all the money that you owe 按期偿还的款项；分期偿还额
•We were unable to meet (= pay) the repayments on the loan. 我们无法支付贷款的分期偿还额。
•mortgage repayments 按揭贷款的偿还款项
——note at payment
· solvency /ˈsɒlvənsɪ/
o N-UNCOUNT A person's or organization's solvency is their ability to pay their debts. 偿债能力
• ...unsound investments that could threaten the company's solvency.
…可能威胁到公司偿债能力的不良投资。
· stun /stʌn/
o 1. V-T If you are stunned by something, you are extremely shocked or surprised by it and are therefore unable to speak or do anything. 使震惊
• He's stunned by today's resignation of his longtime ally.
他被自己的长期助手今天的辞职所震惊。
o 2. ADJ 惊呆的
• When they told me she was missing I was totally stunned.
当他们告诉我她不见了时，我完全惊呆了。
o 3. V-T If something such as a blow on the head stuns you, it makes you unconscious or confused and unsteady. 把…打昏
• Sam stood his ground and got a blow that stunned him.
萨姆不让步，遭到一击，把他打昏了。
o 4. →see also stunning
· hurried /ˈhʌrɪd/
o 1. ADJ A hurried action is done quickly, because you do not have much time to do it in. 仓促完成的
• ...a hurried breakfast.
…仓促吃的一顿早餐。
o 2. ADV 匆忙地
• ...students hurriedly taking notes.
…匆忙做着笔记的学生们。
o 3. ADJ A hurried action is done suddenly, in reaction to something that has just happened. (行动) 突然应急采取的
• There had been a hurried overnight redrafting of the text.
该文本被连夜做了改写。
o 4. ADV 匆忙地
• The moment she saw it, she blushed and hurriedly left the room.
她一看见它脸就红了，并慌忙地走出了房间。
o 5. ADJ Someone who is hurried does things more quickly than they should because they do not have much time to do them. 仓促的
• Parisians on the street often looked worried, hurried, and unfriendly.
街上的巴黎人常常看上去忧心忡忡，匆匆忙忙，还不太友好。
· retreat /rɪˈtriːt/
o 1. V-I If you retreat, you move away from something or someone. 退出; 离开
• "I've already got a job," I said quickly, and retreated from the room.
“我已经有了工作，”我迅速说道，然后就从房间里退了出来。
o 2. V-I When an army retreats, it moves away from enemy forces in order to avoid fighting them. 撤退
• The French, suddenly outnumbered, were forced to retreat.
法军在人数上突然处于劣势，被迫撤退了。
o 3. N-VAR Retreat is also a noun. 撤退
• In June 1942, the British 8th Army was in full retreat.
1942年6月，英军第8军全线撤退。
o 4. V-I If you retreat from something such as a plan or a way of life, you give it up, usually in order to do something safer or less extreme. 放弃
• She retreated from public life.
她放弃了社会生活。
o 5. N-VAR Retreat is also a noun. 放弃
• The president's remarks appear to signal that there will be no retreat from his position.
总统的话似乎暗示他不会放弃自己的职位。
o 6. N-COUNT A retreat is a quiet, isolated place that you go to in order to rest or to do things in private. 隐居处; 休养处
• He spent yesterday hidden away in his country retreat.
他躲在乡间的休养地度过了昨天。
slug·gish adj. /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ moving, reacting or working more slowly than normal and in a way that seems lazy 缓慢的；迟缓的；懒洋洋的
• sluggish traffic 缓缓移动的车流
• a sluggish economy 经济停滞
• the sluggish black waters of the canal 运河里缓慢流动的黑乎乎的河水
• He felt very heavy and sluggish after the meal. 饭后他感觉身子很沉，不想动。
DERIVATIVES 派生词
slug·gish·ly adv.
2. slug·gish·ness n. [ U]
re·bound /rɪˈbaʊnd/ [ V]
~ (from/off sth)to bounce back after hitting sth 弹回；反弹
•The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球从门柱弹回，欧文头球将球攻进。
2. ~ (on sb)( formal ) if sth that you do rebounds on you, it has an unpleasant effect on you, especially when the effect was intended for sb else 报应；反作用于
SYN backfire
3. ( business 商) ( of prices, etc. 价格等 ) to rise again after they have fallen 回升；反弹
SYN bounce back
re·bound /ˈriːbaʊnd/
( sport 体) a ball that hits sth and bounces back 反弹球；回弹球
2. ( in basketball 篮球 ) the act of catching the ball after a player has thrown it at the basket and has not scored a point 抢断篮板球
3. ( business 商) a positive reaction that happens after sth negative 复兴；振作
IDIOMS 习语
1. on the ˈrebound
while you are sad and confused, especially after a relationship has ended （尤指关系破裂之后）在伤心困惑之时
bout n. /baʊt/
~ (of sth/of doing sth)a short period of great activity; a short period during which there is a lot of a particular thing, usually sth unpleasant 一阵；一场；（尤指坏事的）一通，一次
•a drinking bout 狂饮一通
•the latest bout of inflation 最近一阵通货膨胀
2. ~ (of sth)an attack or period of illness （疾病的）发作；发病期
•a severe bout of flu/coughing 流感╱咳嗽的猛烈发作
•He suffered occasional bouts of depression. 他有时会犯抑郁症。
( NAmE )
•a bout with the flu 流感发作期
3. a boxing or wrestling match 拳击（或摔跤）比赛
· rating /ˈreɪtɪŋ/
o 1. N-COUNT A rating of something is a score or measurement of how good or popular it is. (针对受欢迎度和优劣性的) 评分
• New public opinion polls show the president's approval rating at its lowest point since he took office.
新的民意测验表明总统的支持率处在他就职以来的最低点。
o 2. →see also credit rating
o 3. N-PLURAL The ratings are the statistics published each week which show how popular each television programme is. (电视节目的) 收视率
• CBS's ratings again showed huge improvement over the previous year.
哥伦比亚广播公司的收视率比过去的一年又有了大幅提高。
o 4. N a sharp scolding or rebuke 斥责; 训斥
o 5.
N (in certain navies) a sailor who holds neither commissioned nor warrant rank; an ordinary seaman
· dovetail /ˈdʌvˌteɪl/
o V-RECIP If two things dovetail or if one thing dovetails with another, the two things fit together neatly or have some common characteristics. 吻合; 有共同点
• I'm following up a few things that might dovetail.
我在跟进几个互相可能会衔接起来的事情。
• ...an attempt to look for areas where U.S. interests can dovetail with Japanese concerns.
...一个寻求美日双方利益共同点的尝试。
• It is important that we dovetail our respective interests.
我们寻求各自利益共同点是重要的。
on·shore adj. /ˈɒnʃɔː(r)/
[ usually before noun]
on the land rather than at sea 陆上的
•an onshore oil field 陆上油田
2. ( of wind 风 ) blowing from the sea towards the land 吹向陆地的；向岸的
DERIVATIVES 派生词
on·shore adv
——compare offshore
woe n. /wəʊ/
( old-fashionedhumorous)
woes [ pl.] the troubles and problems that sb has 麻烦；问题；困难
•financial woes 财政困难
•Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
2. [ U] great unhappiness 痛苦；苦恼；悲伤；悲哀
SYN misery
•a tale of woe 悲惨的故事
IDIOMS 习语
· 1. ˌWOE BEˈTIDE SB ˈWOE TO SB
( formal humorous) a phrase that is used to warn sb that there will be trouble for them if they do sth or do not do sth （用以警告某人会有麻烦）…就要倒霉，…将会遭殃
o •Woe betide anyone who gets in her way! 谁挡住她的路谁就会遭殃！
· 2. ˌWOE IS ˈME!
( old usehumorous) a phrase that is used to say that you are very unhappy 我好苦哇！
· presale /ˈpriːseɪl/
o N the practice of arranging the sale of a product before it is available 预售
· note /nəʊt/
o 1. N-COUNT A note is a short letter. 便条
• Stevens wrote him a note asking him to come to his apartment.
史蒂文斯给他写了个便条让他到他的公寓来。
o 2. N-COUNT A note is something that you write down to remind yourself of something. 记录; 笔记
• I knew that if I didn't make a note I would lose the thought so I asked to borrow a pen or pencil.
我知道如果我不做一个记录我就会忘记这个想法，于是我要求借支钢笔或铅笔。
• She wasn't taking notes on the lecture.
她没记讲座笔记。
o 3. N-COUNT In a book or article, a note is a short piece of additional information. 注释
• See Note 16 on p. 223.
参见223页的注释16。
o 4. N-COUNT A note is a short document that has to be signed by someone and that gives official information about something. 证明; 单据
• Since Mr. Bennett was going to need some time off work, he asked for a sick note.
因为本内特先生需要请假一段时间，所以他要求开一张病假条。
o 5. N-COUNT In music, a note is the sound of a particular pitch, or a written symbol representing this sound. 音符
• She has a deep voice and doesn't even try for the high notes.
她有一副低沉的嗓音，对高音她甚至试都不试。
o 6. N-SING You can use note to refer to a particular quality in someone's voice that shows how they are feeling. 声调; 语气
• There is an unmistakable note of nostalgia in his voice when he looks back on the early years of the family business.
在他回忆早年的家族企业时，他的声音里带有一种确定无疑的怀旧语气。
o 7. N-SING You can use note to refer to a particular feeling, impression, or atmosphere. (特别的) 感觉; 印象; 气氛
• Yesterday's testimony began on a note of passionate but civilized disagreement.
昨天的证词是在一种激烈但文明的争执氛围中开始的。
• Somehow he tells these stories without a note of horror.
不知为什么，他讲述这些故事时没有一丝害怕的感觉。
o 8. V-T If you note a fact, you become aware of it. 注意到
• The White House has noted his promise to support any attack that was designed to enforce the UN resolutions.
白宫已经注意到他支持任何旨在加强联合国决议的抨击的承诺。
• Suddenly, I noted that the rain had stopped.
突然，我注意到雨已经停了。
o 9. V-T If you tell someone to note something, you are drawing their attention to it. 注意
• Note the statue to Sallustio Bandini, a prominent Sienese.
注意那座萨卢斯蒂奥·班迪尼的雕像，一个杰出的锡耶纳人。
o 10. V-T If you note something, you mention it in order to draw people's attention to it. 提到
• The report notes that export and import volumes picked up in leading economies.
该报道提到主要经济大国的进出口额增加了。
o 11. V-T When you note something, you write it down as a record of what has happened. 记录
• "He has had his tonsils out and has been ill, too," she noted in her diary.
“他已经做了扁桃腺切除，又一直在生病。”她在自己的日记中写道。
• They never noted the building's history of problems.
他们从未记录过那座建筑的问题的历史。
o 12. N-COUNT You can refer to a banknote as a note. 钞票
o 13. →see also noted →see also promissory note
o 14. PHRASE Someone or something that is of note is important, worth mentioning, or well-known. 显要的; 有名的
• ...politicians of note.
…显要的政客们。
o 15. PHRASE If you take note of something, you pay attention to it because you think that it is important or significant. 注意
• Take note of the weather conditions.
注意天气情况。
· akin /əˈkɪn/
o ADJ If one thing is akin to another, it is similar to it in some way. 相似的
• Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.
听他的生活故事就像读一部好的探险小说。
blessed adj. /ˈblesɪd/
Blessed holy 神圣的
•the Blessed Virgin Mary 荣福童贞马利亚
2. (in religious language) lucky （宗教用语）有福的
•Blessed are the poor. 神贫的人是有福的。
3. [ only before noun] enjoyable in a way that gives you a sense of peace or a feeling of freedom from anxiety or pain 愉快安宁的；无忧无虑的
•a moment of blessed calm 片刻愉快的宁静
4. [ only before noun] ( old-fashionedinformal ) used to express mild anger （表示愠怒）
•I can't see a blessed thing without my glasses. 我不戴眼镜根本看不清什么东西。
DERIVATIVES 派生词
bless·ed·ly adv.
•The kitchen was warm and blessedly familiar. 厨房又温暖又亲切温馨。
2. bless·ed·ness /ˈblesɪdnəs/ n. [ U]
game changer
noun
variants or game-changer
ˈgām-ˌchān-jər
: a newly introduced element or factor that changes an existing situation or activity in a significant way
piece·meal adj. /ˈpiːsmiːl/
[ usually before noun] ( often disapproving) done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways, rather than carefully planned at the beginning 逐渐做成（或发生）的；零敲碎打的；零散的
• a piecemeal approach to dealing with the problem 全无章法的解决问题的方式
• piecemeal changes 零星的变化
DERIVATIVES 派生词
piece·meal adv
•The reforms were implemented piecemeal. 改革在零零星星地进行。
mort·gage /ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ/
( also informal ˌhome ˈloan )
( also informal also ˌhome ˈloan ) a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow 按揭（由银行等提供房产抵押借款）；按揭贷款
•to apply for/take out/pay off a mortgage 申请╱取得╱还清抵押贷款
•mortgage rates (= of nterest) 按揭贷款利率
•a mortgage on the house 一项房产按揭
•a mortgage of ￡60 000 6万英镑的按揭贷款
•monthly mortgage repayments 每月偿还的按揭贷款
