圣经希伯来语:什么是十灾?
什么是十灾?
十灾(希伯来语:עשר המכות),记载于《圣经》〈出埃及记〉的第7到12章中。
血灾(דָם):尼罗河的清水全变成血水——出7:14-25
蛙灾(צְּפַרְדֵּעַ):大量青蛙遍布埃及——出8:1-15
虱灾(כִנִּים):埃及人身上布满虱子——出8:16-19
蝇灾(עָרוֹב):苍蝇肆虐——出8:20-32
畜疫之灾(דֶּבֶר): 家畜感染瘟疫死亡——出9:1-7
疮灾(שְׁחִין):成人长出起泡的疹子——出9:8-12
雹灾(בָּרָד ):天降冰雹——出9:13-35
蝗灾(אַרְבֶּה):蝗虫布满埃及——出10:1-20
黑暗之灾( חוֹשֶׁךְ ):三天三夜不见太阳——出10:21-29
杀长子之灾( מַכַּת בְּכוֹרוֹת ):所有埃及家庭的长子以及埃及一切头生的牲畜死亡——出11:1-12:36
犹太人、基督徒和穆斯林的经典之中,都有关于十灾的叙述。
1. Dam - Blood
2. Tzefardeia - Frogs
3. Kinim - Bugs
4. Arov - Wild Animals
5. Dever - Pestilence
6. Shechin - Boils
7. Barad - Hail
8. Arbeh - Locust
9. Choshech - Darkness
10. Makkat Bechorot - Death of the Firstborns
Exodus Chapter 10 שְׁמוֹת
א וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה, בֹּא אֶל-פַּרְעֹה: כִּי-אֲנִי הִכְבַּדְתִּי אֶת-לִבּוֹ, וְאֶת-לֵב עֲבָדָיו, לְמַעַן שִׁתִי אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּה, בְּקִרְבּוֹ.
1 And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these My signs in the midst of them;
10:1 耶和华对摩西说、你进去见法老、我使他和他臣仆的心刚硬、为要在他们中间显我这些神迹.
וַיֹּאמֶר = [vayyomer] and he said 而他说
יְהוָה = [adonai] the LORD 耶和华
אֶל-מֹשֶׁה = [el-mosheh] to Moses 对摩西
בֹּא = [bo] you shall come 你当来
אֶל-פַּרְעֹה = [el-par'oh] to Pharaoh 到法老
כִּי-אֲנִי = [ki-ani] for I 因为我
הִכְבַּדְתִּי = [hichbbadti] I hardened 我令……变刚硬
אֶת-לִבּוֹ = [et-libbo] his heart 他的心
וְאֶת-לֵב = [ve'et-lev] and heart of 和……的心
עֲבָדָיו = [avadav] his slaves 他的仆人
לְמַעַן = [lema'an] in order to 为了
שִׁתִי = [shiti] to my set 为了我显出
אֹתֹתַי = [ototai] my signs 我的神迹
אֵלֶּה = [elleh] these 这些
בְּקִרְבּוֹ = [beqirbo] in his inside 在他之中
ב וּלְמַעַן תְּסַפֵּר בְּאָזְנֵי בִנְךָ וּבֶן-בִּנְךָ, אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּמִצְרַיִם, וְאֶת-אֹתֹתַי, אֲשֶׁר-שַׂמְתִּי בָם; וִידַעְתֶּם, כִּי-אֲנִי יְהוָה.
2 and that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son's son, what I have wrought upon Egypt, and My signs which I have done among them; that ye may know that I am the LORD.'
10:2 并要叫你将我向埃及人所作的事、和在他们中间所行的神迹、传于你儿子和你孙子的耳中、好叫你们知道我是耶和华。
וּלְמַעַן = [ulema'an] and in order to 而为了
תְּסַפֵּר = [tesapper] you will tell 你将告诉
בְּאָזְנֵי = [be'oznei] in ears of 在……的耳朵
בִנְךָ = [vinecha] your son 你的儿子
וּבֶן-בִּנְךָ = [uven-binecha] and the son of your son 和你儿子的儿子
אֵת אֲשֶׁר = [et asher] what 那什么
הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי = [hit'allalti] I have wrought 我做了
בְּמִצְרַיִם = [bemitzrayim] in Egypt 在埃及
וְאֶת-אֹתֹתַי = [ve'et-ototai] and my signs 和我的神迹
אֲשֶׁר-שַׂמְתִּי = [asher-samti] which I placed 那我放在
בָם = [vam] in them 在他们中
וִידַעְתֶּם = [vidatem] and you will know 而你们将知道
כִּי-אֲנִי = [ki-ani] that I 那我
יְהוָה = [adonai] the LORD 耶和华