LP1 EG在Mary Barton中的写作手法

★★★

题型优先级判定：

1. It can be inferred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing experience of industrialism” for many members of the English working class in the nineteenth century.

间接细节，已有定位，可以先做

 

2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an even better novel if Gaskell 

推断+作者态度，找负态度，不一定好找，先后置。

 

3. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward Gaskell’s use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton? 

直接细节+作者态度题，找到定位可做

 

4. Which of the following is most closely analogous to Job Leigh in Mary Barton, as that character is described in the passage? 类比题，可以先做，定位Job Leigh

做题顺序暂定 3 4 1 2

各段结构化详略阅读：

para 1:

①Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840s. ②What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking [CJ1] effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working class homes. ③Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such features as a carefully annotate reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons’ living room, and a transcription (again annotated) of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver”. ④The interest [CJ2] of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect. [CJ3] 

①介绍对这本书的评价

↓

②书的内容

↓

③描述方法

↓

④评价方法

 [CJ1]刻苦

 [CJ2] advantage, benefit

 [CJ3] 提出主要观点

出现第3题题点documentary，可以先做3.

3. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward Gaskell’s use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton? 态度题，带有负态度的正态度

C

A. uncritical enthusiasm

B. Unresolved ambivalence

C. Qualified approval

D. Resigned acceptance 无可奈何的接受

E. Mild irritation

继续往下，保持详略结合的阅读。

para 2：
①As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter [JC1] , and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact.[CJ2] ②But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of thestarving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.”[CJ3] ③ Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’ emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. ④If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Bartons, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction. [剑4] 

①作者态度 aw-

 [JC1]无法避免作为一个外来者去观察

 [CJ2]顺承段落，事实

 [CJ3]转折，客观对比

 [剑4]就算场景没有完全还原，情感认知还是在的。

出现负态度，可以做2

2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an even better novel if Gaskell

A. concentrated on the emotions of a single character 没有证据

B. made no attempt to re-create experiences of which she had no firsthand knowledge 没有证据/相反

C. made no attempt to reproduce working-class dialects 相反/无关

D. grown up in an industrial city 没有证据/相反

E. managed to transcend her position as an outsider

再来：

para 3:

①The chapter “Old Alice’s History” brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers. [CJ1] ②The account of Job Leigh, the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment: an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness [剑2] . ③The early chapters—about factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields, about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the nativevillage that she will never again see, about Job Leigh, intent on his impaled insects—capture the characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing experience of industrialism. ④The other early chapters eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.

 [CJ1]例证段

 [剑2]eccentric, strange 奇怪，古怪

关于文中impaled insects:

出现Job Leigh，可以做4.

4. Which of the following is most closely analogous to Job Leigh in Mary Barton, as that character is described in the passage? 类比题

D

A. An entomologist who collected butterflies as a child

B. A small-town attorney whose hobby is nature photography

C. A young man who leaves his family’s dairy farm to start his own business 定位失效

D. A city dweller who raises exotic plants on the roof of his apartment building

E. A union organizer who works in a textile mill under dangerous conditions

最后可做1.

1. It can be inferred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing experience of industrialism” for many members of the English working class in the nineteenth century.

B

A. Extortionate food prices

B. Geographical displacement

C. Hazardous working conditions

D. Alienation from fellow workers

E. Dissolution of family ties

背景拓展：

Mary Barton is the first novel by English author Elizabeth Gaskell, published in 1848. The story is set in the English city of Manchester between 1839 and 1842, and deals with the difficulties faced by the Victorian working class. It is subtitled "A Tale of Manchester Life". 

Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (née Stevenson; 29 September 1810 – 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer, and short story writer. Her novels offer a detailed portrait of the lives of many strata of Victorian society, including the very poor, and are of interest to social historians as well as lovers of literature. Her first novel, Mary Barton, was published in 1848. 

Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Brontë, published in 1857, was the first biography of  Brontë. 【Jane Eyre】In this biography, she only wrote of the moral, sophisticated things in Brontë’s life, the rest she left out, deciding that certain, more salacious aspects were better kept hidden. Among Gaskell's best known novels are Cranford (1851–53), North and South (1854–55), and Wives and Daughters (1865), each having been adapted for television by the BBC. 

英国小说家。原名伊丽莎白·克莱格雷恩·斯蒂文森。1810年9月29日生于伦敦唯一神教派牧师家庭，卒于1865年11月12日。幼年丧母，被寄养在柴郡纳茨福德镇的姨母家，并到邻近的斯特拉特福德镇上学。1832年和曼彻斯特市的唯一神教派牧师威廉·盖斯凯尔结婚。唯一的儿子不幸夭折在襁褓之中，为了排解痛苦，她开始尝试写作。第一部小说《玛丽·巴顿》于1848年问世。小说以英国当时的宪章运动和劳资冲突为背景，描写了老工人约翰·巴顿及其女儿玛丽的生活和命运，出版后引起公众和文学界的注意。狄更斯对她颇为赏识，后来她的大多数作品都在狄更斯主办的刊物上发表。此后她陆续创作了《克兰福德》、《露丝》、《南方与北方》、《西尔维亚的恋人》及《妻子和女儿》等长篇小说。其中《南方与北方》通过对男女主人公的刻画，将工业发达的北方与田园风情尚存的南方对比，深入地表现了19世纪工业化所引起的诸多变化和冲突（包括信仰危机和价值观冲突），与《玛丽·巴顿》有相通之处，体现了作者对社会问题的洞察，对劳动大众的同情，以及她促进社会的不同阶级、不同方面的相互了解并和解的意愿。（https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/U_YQ433wnlIklSiw5kKtNw）

《克兰福德》和《妻子与女儿》等以狭隘、宁静、和睦的乡村小镇生活为题材（其原型为作者熟悉的纳茨福德镇），着重地描写了女性经验。盖斯凯尔夫人善于观察、捕捉并描写在不同社会处境中的人们的言行举止，并在戏剧性冲突中展开情节。《克兰福德》一书笔调尤为诙谐亲切，人物栩栩如生，有的读者把它视为作者的最佳作品。此外她还写了不少生动温馨的中短篇小说，如《表亲菲莉斯》。

盖斯凯尔夫人成名后和当时许多文学家有联系。她撰写的《夏洛蒂·勃朗特传》是有关这位作家传记中的第一部，也是最负盛名的一部。她生前与勃朗特姐妹和乔治·艾略特等齐名，后来长期受到忽视。近年来随着西方女权主义和某些注重社会历史文化背景的文学、文化批评的兴起，她的许多小说，特别是《玛丽·巴顿》，重新引起了人们的兴趣和注意。