维多利亚3开发日志#13 | 9/2 生活水平
牧游社 牧有汉化翻译
Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #13 - Standard of Living
Lachek, Victoria 3 Lead Designer
Hello again and welcome to yet another walkthrough of some interrelated systems fundamental to Victoria 3's economic model: Standard of Living, Wealth, Pop Needs, and Consumption.
大家吼哇，今天咱们又来介绍一些相互关联的系统，它们是维多利亚3经济模型的基础：生活水平Standard of Living、财富Wealth、人口需求Pop Needs和消费Consumption。
All Pops in Victoria 3 have a Standard of Living score between 1 and 99, which represents - by a perfectly scientific and objective metric, don't @ me - precisely how great their life is. Pops with levels 1-4 are labeled Starving, levels 5-9 are Struggling, and so on through Impoverished, Middling, Secure, Prosperous, Affluent, Wealthy, Lavish, and at levels 60+, Opulent. We don't really expect a lot of Pops to reach levels 60+ but - knowing you folks - we've left plenty of headroom to accommodate your mad economic experiments.
维多利亚3中所有的Pop都有从1到99的生活水平分数，精确地表现出他们的生活质量如何（这是通过一个完全科学和客观的衡量标准计算得到的，别@我）。Pop生活水平在1-4之间代表饥馑Starving，5-9之间代表匮乏Struggling，依次下去是贫困Impoverished、普通Middling、充沛Secure、小康Prosperous、富裕Affluent、富庶Wealthy、奢华Lavish，以及生活水平大于60时为富丽堂皇Opulent。我们不打算让很多人口都达到60以上的生活水平，但是——我晓得你们的秉性——我们留出了足够的空间来容纳您疯狂的经济实验。
Standard of Living affects two major aspects of the game: birth- and death rate, and Pop loyalty.
生活水平影响了游戏中两个重要的方面：出生-死亡率，以及人口忠诚度。
Birth rate is simply the percentage of children born to Pops each year, while death rate is the percentage of Pops who die. Both values start out high and decline with increasing Standard of Living, but birth rate declines slower than death rate, leading to a net increase in population growth with increasing Standard of Living. This system models that increasing Standard of Living tends to lead to longer life expectancy but declining natality. Each parameter can be modified independently by a variety of effects.
出生率很简单，是指每年新生儿在人口中出生的比例，同时死亡率是死亡人数在人口中的比例。两个数值在最开始的时候都是最高的，然后随着生活水平的上升而下降；但是出生率下降得比死亡率慢，所以生活水平的上升会导致人口的净增长。这个系统模拟了提高生活水平会导致预期寿命的延长但导致出生率的下降。每个参数都可以通过各种效果独立修正。
Scratch your priesthood's back and they'll scratch yours. Note that Interest Group Traits can vary between Interest Group variants, so a different religion might provide a different benefit.你投神职人员以桃，他当报你以李。注意利益集团的特质会因为不同的利益集团变体而不同，所以不同的宗教可能会提供不同的收益。
There are side effects to emancipation! But while reduced population growth here initially appears to be a penalty, increasing the proportion of industrial workforce at the same time tends to lead to increasing Standard of Living, which provides a net increase in population growth.妇女解放会有副作用！尽管这里下降的出生率最开始看起来是一种惩罚，但同时工业劳动力会增加，导致生活水平的提高，最终会导致人口的净增长。
Pop loyalty is altered whenever their Standard of Living increases or declines from its current value. Martin will get into much more detail on this in next week's Development Diary on Political Movements.
当人们的生活水平相对现在上升或者下降时，人口忠诚度就会变化。马丁会在下周关于政治运动Political Movements的开发日志里提到更多细节。
A Pop's Wealth attribute forms the foundation for its Standard of Living. Pops can also gain more intangible boosts or penalties to their Standard of Living from any number of sources.
Pop的财富属性值是他们生活水平的基础。Pop也可以从其他多个来源得到更多无形的提升或惩罚，来影响他们的生活水平。
Pops accumulate Wealth over time while their weekly income exceeds their weekly expenses. Conversely, if a Pop's expenses exceed its income, Wealth will decline. How large their expenses are depends on what and how much they consume, which is also dependent on their Wealth. What this means is that as long as a Pop's income remains the same, and the cost of the goods and services in their state and market remains the same, that Pop's Wealth will over time drift towards exactly the level of consumption they can afford to sustain. Of course, as Wealth changes the consumption also changes, which affects the prices of the goods in the market, which might in turn affect their wages, dividends, etcetera.
如果Pop的每周收入超过他们的每周支出，那么他们就会随着时间会积攒财富。相反，如果一个Pop的支出大于他们的收入，财富积累就会下降。他们支出的有多大取决于他们消费多少，同时消费的多少也和他们财富的多少有关。这一点意味着，只要Pop的收入保持不变，同时他们所在的地区和市场里商品和服务的价格也保持不变，那么随着时间的推移，Pop的财富将会准确地趋向他们能够承受的消费水平。当然，随着财富的变化，消费也会发生变化，这会影响市场内商品的价格，然后这可能会反过来影响Pop的工资、股息等等。
This weekly shortfall of funds will eventually lead to a reduction in Wealth and thereby consumption, but since the shortfall is only a small fraction of its income it will take several months to have an impact on the Wealth score and thereby the Standard of Living.这周资金赤字会最终导致财富和消费的下降，但是由于资金赤字只占其收入很少的一部分，所以需要几个月的时间才能对其财富以及后续的生活水平产生影响。
Wealth has a number of functions in addition to forming the basis for Standard of Living. A Pop's raw Political Strength (excluding any such power conferred by the country's Voting Franchise, which is treated separately) is dependent on their Wealth. Some privately operated Institutions provide benefits to Pops only in relation to their Wealth. Many Professional Qualifications also require Pops to have a certain amount of Wealth.
财富除了作为生活水平的基准之外还有一些其他的功能。一个Pop的初始政治力量（不包括该国的投票权法律赋予的任何权力，那些权力被单独对待）是和他们的财富相关的。一些私营的机构仅考量Pop的财富来提供增益。一些职业资格也要求Pop有一定数量的财富。
Each Wealth level is defined by a set of Needs and an amount of "value" that needs to be spent on goods to fulfill that Need. This "value" is defined in goods base prices, such that the Need for Standard Clothing for a Pop of size 10,000 with Wealth level 14 might be fulfilled by buying £87 worth of Clothes, assuming perfectly balanced supply and demand. If the actual price of Clothes where the Pop lives is over-demanded, their cost to fulfill this need will also be higher. As a result, cheaper goods means wealthier, happier Pops.
每个财富等级是由一系列的需求Needs以及满足需求所需要花费的“价值”来定义的，这个“价值”是在商品基本价格中被定义的。例如某个大小为10000的Pop，在财富等级为14时，其对普通衣物的需求可以通过购买87英镑的衣服来满足（假设完美地平衡了供需，译注：此时市场价格等于基础价格等于需求价值）。如果Pop所在地区衣服价格偏高，那么他们满足自己需求的花费也会变高。因此，更便宜的商品意味着更富裕、更快乐的人口群。
This Peasant Pop's Wealth is low (6), so it consumes only the basic necessities.这个贫民Pop的财富等级很低（6），所以它只消耗基本必需品。
Many Needs can be satisfied by a variety of different goods. For example, the Need for Heating requires Wood, Fabric, Coal, Oil, and/or Electricity. These can be purchased in any combination assuming the total base prices add up to the required value. When given this option Pops will attempt to make a rational purchase decision based on which goods are the most available, satisfying their Need with some mix of these goods or even only one, if that's the only one available. In this way an inland, isolated state might not consume any Fish at all as long as it has sufficient Grain, Fruit, Meat, or even packaged Groceries to satisfy their Need for food.
许多需求可以通过不同的商品满足。例如满足取暖的需求可以要求木材、织物、煤炭、油和/或电力。这些商品可以任意一种方式组合购买，各个基础价格总和达到需求价格即可。当这一选项开启时，Pop会根据哪些商品最容易获取做出理性的购买选择，用这些混合或者唯一的商品（如果只有一种可用）来满足他们的需求。这样，一个内陆、孤立的地区可能不会消费任何鱼，只要他们能有足够的谷物、水果、肉或者包装杂货来满足他们的食物需求。
A breakdown of how the Peasants in Ceylon spent their heating budget this week.锡兰的贫农本周在取暖上的开支详解。
Goods can also appear in several different Needs categories. Groceries, Meat, and Fruit can fulfil the need for both Basic Food and Luxury Food, but Grain or Fish can only fulfil the need for Basic Food. As a result, maintaining only Millet Farms and Fishing Wharfs to meet your food needs will mostly satisfy your poor Pops, while focusing on Livestock Ranches and Banana Plantations will cause wealthy Pops to inflate the price of the available food supply and further impoverish the poor. Operating productive Food Industries that can turn Grain and Fish into Groceries is good for everyone in your country, and frees up any available supply of Meat and Fruit to be consumed by those with a Need for Luxury Food.
一种商品也可以在几种不同的需求类别中出现。杂货、肉类和水果能满足基本食物和奢侈食物的需求，但是谷物和鱼类只能满足基本食物的需求。因此仅仅维持谷物农场和渔场来满足食品需求将会主要满足你的贫困人口，而重点发展牲畜牧场和香蕉种植园将会让富有的人口抬高可用的食物供应的价格，并让穷人更穷。经营高产的食品工厂则可以将谷物和鱼类变为杂货，这对国家中每一个人都有好处，并且释放可用的肉类和水果供应，让有奢侈食物需求的人消费。
A breakdown of who requires Basic Food and how it can be fulfilled.谁需要基本食物和如何满足他们的详解。
Lower Wealth levels have only a handful of Needs, such as Simple Clothing, Heating, Basic Food, and Intoxicants. The middle levels introduce more refined Needs like Household Items, Services, Luxury Drinks, and Free Movement. Really wealthy Pops consume increasingly vast quantities of Luxury Goods to impress and outdo their peers. In some cases Needs disappear entirely in favor of more diverse Needs. The Need for Simple Clothing which can be satisfied by both Fabric and Clothes will, as a Pop is raised from abject poverty, be gradually phased out by the Need for Standard Clothing which include only professionally sewn items.
较低的财富等级只有有限的几个需求，例如简单衣物、取暖、基本食物和酒精饮料。中等财富等级引入了更多精致需求，如家具、服务、奢侈饮料和自由出行。真正有钱的Pop对奢侈品的消费飙升，他们试图震撼并超过其同僚。某些情况下需求会完全消失，转变成为更多样化的需求。当一个Pop的地位从贫贱地位提升时，可以通过织物和布匹满足的对简单衣物的需求，就会被需要专业纺织品的基本衣物需求所逐步淘汰。
Compared to the Wealth 6 Peasants, these Wealth 17 Bureaucrats are more diverse in their requirements.相较于财富等级为6的贫农，财富等级为17的官僚需求更为多元化。
Introducing new goods into your market will help you diversify your economy and alleviate the demand on crucial industrial goods. Importing Oil - either petroleum from newly discovered deposits or whale oil from the few places in the world that produce it - will cause your Pops to buy some quantity of it for heating instead of Coal or Electricity, which lowers the price of those goods and help make your industries more profitable. Introducing Opium into your market will decrease Pop demand for Liquor and Tobacco... for good or ill.
在市场中引入新的商品将会帮助你增加经济多样性，缓解对关键工业商品的依赖。进口油——无论是从新发现的油田中开采的石油还是产地稀少的鲸鱼油——都将会让你的Pop买油取暖，以此取代煤碳和电力，这会让它们价格降低并且让你的工厂更有利可图。在市场中引入鸦片将会降低人口群对酒精和烟草的需求……暂且不论是好是坏。
Some goods are favored over others by default if available. Once Electricity is available to them, due to its convenience Pops will prefer to buy it over Wood or Coal, even if they're the same price. Some goods can be replaced by other goods entirely, while others will always be required to some bare minimum. Train travel can completely replace the need for having your own Automobile to drive around in, but having an Automobile doesn't ever completely remove the need for an occasional train ride to see your cousin who lives all the way in Paris.
在可用的情况下，一些商品比其他商品默认更加受欢迎。一旦电力对他们可用，出于方便，Pop更喜欢购买电力，而不是木材或煤炭，即使它们价格相同。有些商品可以被其他商品彻底取代，而有些则一直需要维持极其少量的最低限度。铁路旅行可以完全取代拥有汽车的需求，而拥有自己的汽车则不能完全取代偶尔坐火车去看望住在巴黎的表兄的需求。
In addition to these factors cultures can develop Obsessions for certain goods, and some even have Taboos they must abide by. A country can also encourage or discourage the consumption of certain goods using Authority, perhaps in an effort to avoid enriching a hated enemy or entice Pops to buy something that's heavily taxed over something that is not. This impacts the purchase habits of Pops affected despite this being irrational from a strictly financial perspective.
除以上这些因素外，文化也可以培养对某种商品的迷恋，有些文化则有不得不遵守的禁忌。一个国家也可以使用权威力Authority鼓励或反对对特定商品的消费，或许这可以阻止可恨的对手发大财，或者引诱Pop购买征了重税的商品。这会影响Pop的购买习惯，尽管严格地来说这在财政上并不合理。
What if the Bengali were obsessed with the status afforded to them by Luxury Furniture? This could happen due to events, or organically because Luxury Furniture is a really prevalent luxury good in markets where a lot of Bengali Pops live. But even if this habit is developed around their homelands, Bengali Pops that migrate abroad - to the USA or Australia or Japan - will continue preferring Luxury Furniture to other luxury goods, and will suffer financially if the same level of access is not available there.当孟加拉人痴迷于豪华家具为他们带来的地位时会发生什么呢？这可以通过事件实现，或者本质上因为豪华家具在孟加拉Pop生活的市场中是非常流行的奢侈品。但是即使这一习惯在他们的家乡养成，当孟加拉Pop移民国外——到美国、澳大利亚或者日本，他们也将会保持对豪华家具的偏爱而非喜爱其他奢侈品，而且如果当地没有同样水平的购买机会，还将会让他们遭受经济上的困境。
Let's close out by considering the difference between this and the consumption model from previous games. In Victoria 2, Pops have different Life, Everyday, and Luxury Needs based on their Type (what we call Profession in Victoria 3), both in types of goods and quantities. Pops in Victoria 2 always strive to get promoted into Types which require more advanced, luxurious goods in larger quantities, but will fail to do so if they cannot afford it. Since certain advanced Types of Pops in Victoria 2 perform their duties objectively better than their less advanced counterparts (e.g. Craftsmen, Clerks) it becomes important to retain access to advanced goods in order to ensure that your workforce is internationally competitive.
作为收尾，让我们比较一下这一机制和之前的游戏中的消费模型的不同。在维多利亚2中，Pop根据人口类型（维多利亚3中称其为职业）不同，需要不同种类和不同数量的必需品、日用品和奢侈品。维多利亚2中的Pop总是追求晋升到能够消费更高级、更丰富商品的人口类型，而如果承受不起该类型的开销便不能晋升。在维多利亚2中，由于一些特定的高级人口类型相比于对应的低级人口类型，客观上能更好地履行职责（比如技工和职员），因此从确保劳动力具有国际竞争力的角度来说，保证高级消费品的供应就变得十分重要。
In Victoria 3 this formula is turned on its head. An Engineer is not intrinsically better than a Machinist who is not intrinsically better than a Laborer, and there's no ideal national proportions between them you need to maintain in order to maximize your competitiveness. Different Professions do fulfil different functions, but it's the Production Methods of the Buildings they work in that determine what function they serve. By choosing what Buildings to construct and which Production Methods to activate, you create the opportunities for these Professions which in turn impose changes to the population. What types of goods you need to ensure access to in order to keep your population satisfied is not driven directly by what professional opportunities you have created, but rather by what Wealth development and Wealth distribution these changes have resulted in.
而在维多利亚3中，这一机制被完全改变了。工程师并不天然优于机械师，机械师也并不天然优于劳工，因此也就没有一个为了最大化竞争力而需要保持的理想职业比例。不同的职业是为了履行不同的职责，但所在建筑的生产方式决定了他们各自的职责。通过选择建造哪种建筑以及选择哪种生产方式，你可以为这些职业创造相应的就业机会，从而倒逼Pop进行改变。为了满足人民而必须保证供应的消费品种类，不再与你创造的各种就业机会直接相关，而是与这些职业改变导致的财富增长与财富分配方式相关。
Professions that are part of the Middle Strata in this state are considerably better off than those in the Lower Strata, and not far off from the Upper Strata. It's very likely this state hasn't started industrializing yet, since Shopkeepers - who run the pre-industrial economy - are Middle Strata, and Upper Strata Aristocrats aren't always particularly wealthy if their income originates from exploiting the Peasantry on Subsistence Farms. Since the Middle Strata is already wealthy enough to demand Transportation, construction of Railways in this state is likely to be both profitable and beneficial for population growth and general happiness.在该国，组成中间阶层的各职业比起底层来说要宽裕得多，而且比起上层也差得不是太远。这说明该国很有可能还没有开始工业化，因为店主——掌管了前工业经济的人群——属于中间阶层，而上层的贵族如果是靠剥削自给型农场中的贫农作为经济来源的话，并不能保证非常富有。由于中间阶层已经足够富有而对运输能力提出了要求，所以在该国建设铁路可能既能赢利，又对人口增长和幸福度产出有所裨益。
As a result, Pops in Victoria 3 won't always strive to ascend to a higher social strata, nor will an Aristocrat always have a higher income or goods consumption Needs compared to a Clerk. All of this is driven by market forces - a qualifying Clerk would gladly become an Aristocrat on available land if that comes with a higher income than remaining a Clerk, and this increased income will gradually result in an increase in their Wealth and consumption demand. Conversely, Aristocrats don't demote to Laborers because they can't acquire enough goods to sustain their lifestyle - they would only turn to such desperate measures if they become landless (unemployed) and are trying to avoid starvation, or if by some miracle taking on a relatively well-paid Laborer job in a particularly profitable factory would actually yield a greater paycheck than their failing farm provides them with.
就结果而言，维多利亚3中的Pop并不总是追求晋升到更高的社会阶层，一个贵族也并不总是比一个职员拥有更高的收入或者消费品需求。这一切都由市场力量推动——一个有资格的职员会很乐意成为可用土地上的贵族，如果这能为他带来比当职员更高的收入的话。同时，增长的这部分收入会逐渐导致他的财富积累和消费品需求上涨。反过来说，贵族不会主动降级成劳工，因为这样无法获取足够的消费品来维持他们的生活方式——他们只会在失去土地（破产）、为了避免饿死的情况下才会行此下策，或者是在某种极端情况下某个利润格外丰厚的工厂提供了相对高薪的劳工岗位，能比他们行将破产的农场提供更多的报酬。
In practice this means that it's important in both games to secure your populations’ basic needs to prevent starvation and dissent, followed by appeasing their desire for ever more advanced or exotic goods in larger and larger quantities to increase the size of your economy and power on the world stage. But while reaching this commonly pursued end goal in Victoria 2 often meant pursuing a certain optimal population distribution no matter what else happened throughout the game, the Professions of the Pops you end up with could be vastly different between games in Victoria 3! If you build a colonial plantation economy, your Aristocrats might remain as dominant by endgame as they were at start. If you're a manufacturing powerhouse on the cutting edge of technological progress, your middle strata Pops might come to rival the Capitalist class in wealth and power. If your high taxes are reinvested in vast Institutions your power base might be dominated by Bureaucrats and Academics. If your workers own the means of production, your Laborers might even be wealthier - and consume more luxuries - than your neighbor's Aristocrats.
实际上来说，这意味着在维多利亚2和维多利亚3中，保证你的人民的基本需要使之不至于饿死或是造反都是至关重要的，之后便是通过满足他们对更高级或是异国商品越来越多的需求来增加经济体量以及增加在世界舞台上的话语权。而在维多利亚2中，要达到这个通常来说的终局目标，一般意味着追求一种固定的最佳人口比例划分，而不论这局游戏中发生了其他什么。但在维多利亚3中，Pop的职业比例可能会与维多利亚2中大不相同！如果你打造的是殖民地种植园经济，你的贵族在游戏终局时可能会如同游戏开始时一样占据优势地位。而如果你成为了技术领先的制造业龙头，你的中间阶层Pop可能会在财富和权势上与资本家分庭抗礼。如果你拉高税收又将其重新投入大量机构，你的权力基础可能会由官僚和学者主导。而如果你的工人占有了生产资料，你的劳工可能会比邻国的贵族还要富有——也消费更多的奢侈品。
These possibilities for diverse Pop distributions also result in very different political tendencies in your population, which lead to demand for different kinds of Laws. While in Victoria 2 it's primarily the rising Consciousness of a greater ratio of more advanced and literate types of Pops that drives a desire for reform in a liberal direction, Victoria 3's more open-ended consumption model and the diversity of Professions it can create could result in your population having very different political desires by endgame depending on the path you’ve taken. This requires your political machinery to be working in tandem with your economic engine, both to create the right conditions for your Pops and to satisfy their changing desires.
这些多样化的Pop分布的可能性，也可能导致你的人民拥有截然不同的政治倾向，从而导致对各种各样的法律提出要求。在维多利亚2中，这主要表现为更大比例的先进且受教育人群的觉醒度上升，从而催生向自由派方向改革的意愿，而维多利亚3更开放的消费模型和它所创造的职业多样性可以导致在终局时根据你选择的政治路线，你的人民拥有截然不同的政治诉求。这就要求你的政治机制须得和你的经济体制协力运作，两者一起为你的Pop创造恰当的条件，来满足他们不断变化的诉求。
Next week, we will learn more about these desires as Martin introduces us to Political Movements, which themselves are strongly connected to Standard of Living. Until then!
下周当Martin介绍政治运动Political Movements时我们将进一步了解这些诉求，政治运动本身也与生活水平关系密切。到时候见！
翻译：没有V3玩我要死了 口袋姚怪 摸鱼怪
校对：三等文官猹中堂
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